VI. Прочтите и переведите предложения :

 1. Hippocrates was the greatest practitioner of his time.

 2. It is very important to connect theory with practice.

 3. He created a new technique of operations on the skull.

 4. The scientists estimated a real cause of this disease.

 5. This infection affects the organs of the chest.

 6. Abnormal signs appeared a week ago.

 7. He has much experience in the field of surgery.

 8. The doctor proved the importance of his method of treatment.

 9. Occupation affects the development of the disease.

10. Fever is a very important sign of many diseases.

11. His scientific work consists of many connected parts.

12. The colour of the face and the skin helped the doctor to make diagnosis.

VII. Поставьте сказуемые в прошедшее время:

 1. He must help us.

 2. The students must take exams.

 3. The scientist must prove his idea.

 4. The surgeon must operate this patient.

 5. The physician must use a new method of treatment.

 

VIII. Прочтите и переведите те предложения, где глагол to have имеет модальное значение:

1. The scientist has carried out many experiments.

 2. He has much experience in the field of medicine.

 3. The surgeon has to perform the operation as soon as possible.

 4. The lecturer had to answer many questions.

 5. I had good marks at the entrance exams.

 6. The students of our group have to take part at the conference,

 7. The researcher has proved his ideas.

 8. The new method of treatment has been used to diagnose a disease.

 9. We have to work hard to become good specialists.

10. They have knowledge and experience to perform operations by themselves.

 

IX. Прочтите и переведите предложения:

 1. The cardiogram showed that the heart was normal.

 2. We knew that the condition of the skin was a very important sign.

 3. The scientist proved that this disease had an infectious origin.

 4. The students learnt that this disease affected the organs of the chest.

 5. He created a new method which helped to diagnose many diseases accurately.

 6. Hippocrates proved that every disease had a natural cause.

 7. In the article we read that many effective drugs produced side effects.

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.X. Закончите предложения:

 1. He thought that this disease …

      a. is not dangerous

      b. was not dangerous

      c. was not be dangerous

 2. The surgeon said that the operation …

      a. was necessary

      b. is necessary

         c. had necessary

 3. The teacher told us that we …

      a. were to work harder

      b. have to work harder

      c. had to work harder

 4. I knew that he …

      a. is a famous surgeon

      b. was a famous surgeon

      c. will be a famous surgeon

 5. He estimated that this disease …

      a. affected many organs

      b. had affect many organs

      c. was affected many organs

XI. Переведите предложения на английский язык:

 1. Мы узнали, что он работает в хирургическом отделении. 2. Ученые установили, что это заболевание имеет несколько причин. 3. Лектор сказал, что такие симптомы могут появиться только у детей. 4. Я слышал, что он известный врач. 5. Мы прочитали, что врачи используют это лекарство от головной боли.

XII. Прочтите и переведите предложения:

 1. Both human anatomy and physiology are very interesting subjects.

 2. Both the effect of food and the occupation affect the organism.

 3. Hippocrates was both a good practitioner and a good surgeon.

 4. You can make a report either in biology or in chemistry.

 5. The physician recommended either to make injections or to take tablets.

 6. Neither tablets nor injections helped the patient.

 7. I could find the necessary material neither in the textbooks nor in the Internet.

 8. Hippocrates had neither thermometer nor stethoscope.

 

XIII. Прочтите и переведите текст:

HIPPOCRATES

Hippocrates was born in Greece. He was the son of a doctor. Hippocrates studied medicine and was the greatest practitioner of his time.

Hippocrates freed medicine from superstition. He hated the idea that a disease was the punishment of gods. In his works he proved that every disease had a natural cause. He noted the effect of food, occupation and especially climate on the development of the disease.

Hippocrates knew little of anatomy and physiology and he had few instruments. In fact he had neither thermometer nor stethoscope. He had to estimate the temperature by his hand; he had to listen to the heart placing his ear to the chest. But in spite of all that his method was scientific.

Hippocrates created medicine on the basis of experience. He taught that every physician had to study the history of a disease, he had to learn how to make an accurate prognosis based on the signs and symptoms. He taught that the physician had to direct his attention to the color of the face, skin, the nature of respiration, the appearance of sputum, bowel habits. Hippocrates was the first who connected the disease of one organ with affection of the whole organism. According to his teaching the symptoms of the disease, and especially fever, are the expressions of the protective reaction of the organism and the chief function of a physician is to aid the natural forces of the body. Hippocrates was a good surgeon as well. He performed operations even on the skull.

 We have his writings which are called Hippocrates Collection. The Collection consists of more than one hundred books. His works give us information about surgical knowledge and technique of that period. Some of Hippocratic thoughts are quite modern. The Collection begins with the famous Oath which teaches medical students to be a good doctor. A good doctor must have not only deep knowledge of a particular field of medicine, he must love people and have a kind heart. We call Hippocrates the father of medicine.

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