Land use planning as an instrument of the technical co-operation

The basic understanding or model drawn up by the "Working Group on Integrated Land Use Planning" is stated as follows: Land use planning is an iterative process based on the dialogue amongst all stakeholders aiming at the negotiation and decision for a sustainable form of land use in rural areas as well as initiating and monitoring its implementation. Land use planning provides the prerequisites for achieving a sustainable form of land use which is acceptable as far as the social and 36 environmental contexts are concerned and is desired by the society while making sound economic sense. This text gives the presentation of the basic principles of land use planning, such as the principle of the iterative nature of the process or the guidance for implementation. It also gives a sound and integrated picture of the land use planning process. Wherever groups of people use land and its resources, land use is planned, being aware of it or not. Land use does not consider production only, but also land functions such as protected areas, land recreation, road building, waste disposal sides and use-restricted areas such as buffer zones for regeneration groundwater, buffer zones for traffic noise, pollution, etc. Land use planning is not only practiced when national authorities intervene or as a result of development co-operation projects. Land use planning happens in every society, even if the term is not used. Land use planning deals with cases in which an intervention occurs in order to improve land use and to sustain natural resources. In the past, decisions made on land use have resulted in the degradation of land resources, or an imbalance between supply and demand of those resources. Here, land use planning is understood as an instrument of the technical co-operation used in the following types of projects: - resources management (forestry, production systems compatible with resources and agro forestry, pasture management, nature protection and erosion control); - rural regional development; - community support and village development; - government consultation (environmental strategy planning, agricultural sector planning, assessment of land potential). These land use planning-guidelines are not intended to standardize and impose compulsory procedures for all conceivable variants. It appears more appropriate to offer support for different situations, taking into consideration the specific conditions of the technical cooperation. In addition, the exact role and scope of land use planning within the technical co-operation has still to be determined according to the context and local conditions by those responsible for planning and implementation of projects.

Find the pairs of synonyms

Do, negotiation, organization, principle, enterprise, attain, achieve, new, talk, core, make, modern.

Find antonyms

Direct, regard, wide, unsuitable, narrow, rural, indirect, balance, suitable, disregard, imbalance, urban.

Translate the following word- combinations

Скрытые недостатки планирования; обучение, ориентированное на диалог; подготовка плановых документов; относительно низкая значимость; повторяющееся планирование; существенный элемент; выполнение плана; экологическое планирование площади; восприниматься по-разному; обязательные процедуры; шум дорожного движения; научно-обоснованный экономический смысл; развитие деревни; техническое сотрудничество.

Translate using a dictionary

1. Я не хочу получать лишнюю базу данных. 2. Землеустройство - это повторяющийся процесс. 3. Повторяющийся процесс требует гибкости в землеустройстве. 4. Сельские районы характеризуются сельскохозяйственным производством. 5. Решение конфликтов - важный политический фактор. 6. Землеустройство - инструмент технического сотрудничества. 7. Землеустроительный процесс включает оценку земли. 8. Землеустроители должны уделять внимание распространению продукции.

Put the underlined words

  economically; improve; principles; influence; rural.

1. People often have economic or political... 2. Measures should be... justified. 3. The government tries to... living conditions of people. 4. The presentation of the basic... is given. 5. Land use planning is used in... regional development.

Define the part of speech

Responsibility, define, political, development, invest, implement, measures, conditions, try, particularly, responsibly, conciliation, rural, support, exact, implementation.

Answer the questions

1. How is land use planning stated? 2. What is land use planning based on? 3. Does land use consider only production? 4. What cases does land use planning deal with? 5. Do national authorities intervene in land use planning? 6. Is land use planning used in rural regional development? 7. Is land use planned in all cases or not? 8. What functions does land use planning have?

Retell the text "Land use planning as an instrument of the technical co-operation"

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Different Views

Land use planning in the technical co-operation is an iterative process based on the dialogue amongst all participants. It is aimed at the definition of decisions on a sustainable form of land use in rural areas and the initiation of the appropriate measures for implementation and monitoring. Even fundamental concepts of land use planning are perceived differently within each project. Whereas some of them consider an approach which gives these directives on how land related subjects 40 should be organized in a definite region, others will promote a process of organization and learning. The first model of land use planning follows the sense of a rational model of planning. It is assumed that the optimization of the set of planning tools in connection with rationalization of the planning organization will result in the best possible solution to the problem to be solved. Any social conflicts are disregarded in this process (technical planning approach). The objective of the latter concept is to create a social platform for solving problems and settling conflicts. Land use planning is thereby described as a political process in which the constellation of forces is crucial to the result. In this type of planning process the stakes of different groups with different power potential and different influence meet one another. In this process the mechanisms of conflict resolution and forming a consensus are the major political factors (participatory planning approach). The dialogue-oriented learning and negotiation process amongst the participants leads to the development of their planning capacities and to sustaining co-operative relations at local level. Participants in land use planning are direct and indirect land users, as well as those affected by the consequences of land use activities. Another group is formed by people who often have political or economic influence; this includes authorities, organizations, middlemen and women, processing industries for agricultural products, etc. However, the most important target group in land use planning is made up of the direct land users. Rural areas, in contrast to urban areas are characterized by agricultural and forestry production having relatively low population and building densities. Infrastructure, facilities or services have a relatively low importance. Land use planning is an iterative process; it is the flexible and open reaction based on new findings and changing conditions. Land use planning is more than preparation of a planning document; it is an iterative process. Iteration is both the principle and the method simultaneously. New developments and findings are specifically observed and incorporated into the planning process. It may lead to the revision of decision and the repetition of steps already taken. This can render superfluous both analyses and data bases which would have been set 41 up at some expense. Iterative planning requires flexibility in planning, but in no way constitutes a "concealed lack of planning". "Iteration" means putting the result of the decision-making process into practice and converting it into a situation specific step-by step planning. It is repeated or recurring process that seeks to reach an optimal solution.