Familiarization with types of ships

Familiarization with types of ships

Practicing these words

Срок исполнения: в течение пары

PART 1

Vocabulary and reading

Practice these words orally. Learn them by heart

· Bulk cargo – массовый груз (насыпной, навалочный, наливной)

· Commodity – предмет потребления, товар

· Compartment – отделение, отсек, перегородка

· Crane – подъёмный кран

· Crate – клеть

· Crude oil – сырая (неочищенная) нефть

· Derrick – подъёмная стрела

· Discharge – разгружать

· Double bottom – двойное дно

· Dry bulk cargo – навалочный груз

· Edible oils – съедобное масло (растительное)

· Fuel – топливо

· Freighter – 1. фрахтователь, 2. грузовое судно

· Fertilizer – удобрение

· General cargo – генеральный груз

· Grab – черпак, ковш

· Grain – зерно

· Heavy cargo – тяжеловесный груз

· Hold – трюм

· Homeport – порт базирования (приписки, регистрации)

· Inland waterways – внутренние водные пути

· Liner – лайнер, пароход, совершающий регулярные рейсы

· Liquid cargo – жидкий груз

· To load – грузить

· Longitudinal – (прил.) продольный, по долготе. (сущ.) продольный элемент конструкции

· Lubricating oil – смазочное масло

· Merchant – торговый, коммерческий

· Ore – руда

· Petroleum – 1. нефть, 2. керосин

· Port of call – порт захода

· Port of destination – порт назначения

· Pre-arranged – подготовленный заранее

· To provide – обеспечивать

· Pump – насос

· Refrigerated cargo – рефрижераторный груз

· Schedule – расписание, график, план, режим

· Timber – лесоматериалы

· Tramp – трамповое судно (грузовое судно, не работающее на определённых рейсах)

· Transverse – поперечный

· Tweendeck – твиндек

· Stability – (здесь) остойчивость

· Storage – хранение

Generally speaking a vessel can be classified to the purpose she serves.

The most common purposes are:

1) transportation of cargo or/ and passengers;

2) assistance and service (by so called “special purpose vessels”);

3) The catching of fish (fishermen);

4) Peace keeping(warships).

Liners and Tramps

Vessels that have been designed to transport cargo or/ and passengers are called merchant ships. They may be classified as liners or tramps.

A liner carries cargoes between two fixed destinations.

Her sailing schedule has been prearranged – she has a fixed homeport, port of destination and port(s) of call, and fixed ETA’s and ETD’s (Estimated Times of arrival and Estimated Times of Departure).

A liner-vessel is allowed to carry up to 12 passengers.

Freighters that carry cargoes according to schedules that are not fixed are called tramps.

Homeports, ports of destination, ports of call, ETA’s and ETD’s differ with every voyage.

A tramp is not allowed to carry any passengers.

Merchant ships may carry general cargoes, bulk cargoes, refrigerated cargoes, heavy cargoes, timber, and many many more.

General Cargo Ships

General cargo is cargo that has been packed in crates, boxes or bags, or cargo coming in pieces (unpacked cargo items).

Cargo is loaded and discharged by the vessel’s own derricks or by shore based cranes.

The conventional general cargo ship has several tweendecks.

Bulk Carriers

Bulk cargo is unpacked cargo of one commodity.

Dry bulk cargo, such as grain, ore, fertilizers, etc. is carried in specially designed vessels with holds that have been divided into compartments by longitudinal and transverse separations, so that the ship’s stability will not be affected by a full cargo.

Dry bulk cargo is loaded and discharged by cranes with grabs or by pumps.

Liquid cargoes such as crude oil, petroleum, edible oils, etc. are carried tankers, for example in Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCC’s), chemical tankers, such as Liquefied Petroleum Gas tankers (LPG carriers) or Liquefied Natural Gas tankers (LNG carriers).

Product tankers are small tankers that carry different sorts of oils.

For safety reasons tankers must be fitted with double bottoms. These spaces also provide storage for fuel, lubricating oil and waters.

PART 2

Vocabulary and reading

Container ships

  Cargo that has been containerized is carried by container ships.

Containers are most often measured in Twenty Feet Equivalent Units (TEU’s)

And are stowed in a cellular arrangement in Rows, Bays and Tiers.

The rows run abeam, or athwartship; the bays run fore to aft and the tiers are horizontal layers. The free-figure code on each container refers to this stowage system. Thus, each container can easily be found.

Container ships are sometimes equipped with their own gantry cranes that load and discharge the containers. Container ships may carry general cargoes, liquid cargoes or refrigerated cargoes.

Coasters

A coaster carries cargo along the coast or on sea voyages. Trans-Atlantic voyages are quite common. A coaster is of limited length and tonnage.

Her engine room is situated aft. Often there are no tweendecks and the cargo spaces have no obstacles, so that a variety of cargo can be handled.

Part 3

Vocabulary and reading

Lash-vessels

“Lash” stands for “Lighter aboard Ship”. A lash-vessel has main deck that is flat and without any obstacles. A lighter is a container that floats in the water. The containers may be hoisted on board by the vessel’s own heavy derricks that stack them on board.

Another way of loading the containers on board is by submerging the vessel first (for this she must be equipped with a powerful pumping –system), then have tugs or push boats tow or push the lighters over the Lash-vessel, after which the vessel will emerge again and will “pick up” the lighters. This type of vessel is also referred to as a “Seabee”.

Heavy-load vessel

Heavy-load vessel have been designed to lift and carry extremely heavy cargo on the main deck.

Their most prominent features are very heavy derricks (“booms”), masts and lifting-blocks.

Their cargoes, such as drilling platforms, engines, yachts, trains, derelict and wrecks, are loaded onto the main deck, which is free from any obstacles.

Timber Carriers

Timber is a raw material from which wood-products are manufactured.

Vessels that carry timber can easily be recognized by their tall derricks.

A timber carrier has been designed in such a way that she can carry a tall deck cargo.

Multi-purpose Vessels

Cargo ships that carry both general cargo, bulk cargo and containerized cargo are called multi-purpose vessels. These ships are equipped with a variety of cargo handling gears to load and discharge the different types of cargoes.

An OBO-ship has been designed to carry oil/bulk/ore. She has been subdivided in such a way that oil can be carried in the largest compartments and ore can be carried in the smaller compartments.

Passenger Ships

Passenger ships, such as cross-Channel ferries, have been designed to carry passengers and their vehicles on a prearranged route.

Their main features are more or less the same as the features of the Ro/Ro vessels. Cruise ships have been especially designed to carry holidaymakers.

Task 1 Complete the chart

“Purpose she serves” give a short description of the purpose the vessel serves.

For example: to transport…, to assist….

“Features of design” give a short description of particular details of the vessel.

Type of vessel	Purpose she serves	Features of design
1.	To …
2.	to…

 

Срок выполнения до 4.04.2020

Home task

Make a presentation: “Types of Ships” using the information from a book

Kitaevich B.E. Cargo work

 

 

Type of vessel	Purpose she serves	Features of design
Liners and Tramps	Have been designed to transport cargo or and passengers.	Her sailing schedule has been prearranged – she has a fixed homeport, port of destination and port(s) of call, and fixed ETA’s and ETD’s (Estimated Times of arrival and Estimated Times of Departure). A liner-vessel is allowed to carry up to 12 passengers.
General Cargo Ships	Serves for transport General cargo	has been packed in crates, boxes or bags, or cargo coming in pieces (unpacked cargo items). Cargo is loaded and discharged by the vessel’s own derricks or by shore based cranes.
Bulk Carriers	Serves for transport Bulk cargo	Dry bulk cargo, such as grain, ore, fertilizers, etc. is carried in specially designed vessels with holds that have been divided into compartments by longitudinal and transverse separations, so that the ship’s stability will not be affected by a full cargo. Dry bulk cargo is loaded and discharged by cranes with grabs or by pumps.
Container ships	Has been containerized is carried by container ships.	The rows run abeam, or athwartship; the bays run fore to aft and the tiers are horizontal layers. The free-figure code on each container refers to this stowage system. Thus, each container can easily be found. Container ships are sometimes equipped with their own gantry cranes that load and discharge the containers. Container ships may carry general cargoes, liquid cargoes or refrigerated cargoes.
Roll-on/ Roll-off ships	Serves for transport rolled on and rolled off by lorries or trailers	this system is that no cargo handling equipment is required. The loaded vehicles are driven aboard via ramps through special stern and bow doors and are properly secured for the passage.
Coasters	Serves for coaster carries cargo along the coast or on sea.	A coaster is of limited length and tonnage. Her engine room is situated aft. Often there are no tweendecks and the cargo spaces have no obstacles, so that a variety of cargo can be handled.
Refrigerated-cargo vessels (Reefers)	Serves for carry perishable cargoes, such as meat or fruit.	Reefers, as these ships are also called, are equipped with refrigerating plants.
Lash-vessels.	Serves for for cargo transportation in lighters or barges, container.	Lash-vessel has main deck that is flat and without any obstacles. A lighter is a container that floats in the water. The containers may be hoisted on board by the vessel’s own heavy derricks that stack them on board. Another way of loading the containers on board is by submerging the vessel first (for this she must be equipped with a powerful pumping –system), then have tugs or push boats tow or push the lighters over the Lash-vessel, after.
Heavy-load vessel	Have been designed to lift and carry extremely heavy cargo on the main deck	Their most prominent features are very heavy derricks (“booms”), masts and lifting-blocks. Their cargoes, such as drilling platforms, engines, yachts, trains, derelict and wrecks, are loaded onto the main deck, which is free from any obstacles.
Timber Carriers	Serves for transport cargo make wood-products are manufactured.	Timber carrier has been designed in such a way that she can carry a tall deck cargo.
Multi-purpose Vessels	Cargo ships that carry both general cargo, bulk cargo and containerized cargo. OBO-ship has been designed to carry oil/bulk/ore.	These ships are equipped with a variety of cargo handling gears to load and discharge the different types of cargoes.
Passenger Ships	have been designed to carry passengers and their vehicles on a prearranged route.	Their main features are more or less the same as the features of the Ro/Ro vessels. Cruise ships have been especially designed to carry holidaymakers.

 

 

Familiarization with types of ships

Practicing these words