Подберите из правой колонки синонимы к словам, расположенным в левой колонке.

property	accusation
right	application
charge	belongings
liberty	prerogative
equality	parity
appeal	freedom

 

 

The European Court of Human Rights

Article 38 provides that the European Court of Human Rights shall consist of a number of judges equal to that of the Members of the Council of Europe. No two judges may be nationals of the same state.

Under Article 39 the members of the court shall be elected by the Consultative Assembly by a majority of the votes cast from a list of persons nominated by the members of the Council of Europe. The candidates shall be of high moral character and must either possess the qualifications required for appointment to high judicial office or be jurists of recognized competence. Members of the court are elected for nine years.

Article 43 provides that for the consideration of each case brought before it the court shall consist of a chamber composed of seven judges. There shall sit as an Ex.officio member of the chamber, the judge who is a national of any state party concerned, or, if there is none, a person of its choice who shall sit in the capacity of judge.

Only the High Contracting Parties and the Commission have the right to bring a case before the court. An individual applicant cannot initiate proceedings or plead his case.

Under Article 45 the jurisdiction of the court shall extend to all cases concerning the interpretation and application of the present convention which the High Contracting Parties or the Commission shall refer to it, providing that the High Contracting Parties have declared that they recognize as compulsory the jurisdiction of the court in all matters concerning the interpretation and application of the present convention.

 

Notes

provide – обусловливать;

elect – выбирать;

majority of the votes – большинство голосов;

the Council of Europe – Европейский совет;

high judicial office – высокая судебная инстанция;

chamber – палата;

Ex. officio – по должности;

extend to – распространяться на;

compulsory – обязательный.

 

Занятия 14, 15, 16

Topic: Legal Vocabulary

Text: Law and Order [4]

 

The Police

When someone commits a crime (= breaks the law and does something illegal/against the law/wrong), the police do a number of things.

They investigate the crime (= try to find out what happened and who is responsible).

If they catch (= find) the person they believe is responsible for the crime, they will arrest her/him (= take her/him to the police station because they think the person has committed the crime).

At the police station, they question them. (= ask them questions)

If they are sure that the person committed the crime, the person is charged with the crime (= the police make an official statement that they believe the person committed the crime).

For a serious crime (e.g. murder), the person must then go to court for trial.

 

In Court

In court, the defendant must try to prove (= provide facts to show something is true) that they did not commit the crime. In other words, they must try to prove that they are innocent (opp. guilty). Twelve members of the public (called the jury) listen to the evidence (= information about the crime, for and against) and then make their decision. People who see a crime are witnesses, and they usually give evidence at a trial.

Punishment (= what a person must suffer if they do something wrong)

If someone is guilty of a crime, the judge will give the sentence (= the punishment). If a person is guilty of murder, the sentence may be 10-20 years in prison. The person then becomes a prisoner.

For crimes that are not serious (called minor offences, e.g. illegal parking), the punishment is usually a fine. (= money you have to pay)

Exercises

Put this story in the correct order. The first event has been given:

a) they found both men guilty.

b) and charged them with the robbery.

c) £10,000 was stolen from a bank in the High Street.

d) After the jury had listened to all the evidence

e) The judge gave the men a prison sentence of five years.

f) The trial took place two months later.

g) and they finally arrested two men.

h) They questioned them at the police station.

i) The police interviewed a number of witnesses about the crime

Answer the questions:

a) Who investigate(s) crimes?

b) Who sentence(s) people?

c) Who live(s) in prison?

d) Who decide(s) if someone is innocent or guilty?

e) Who defend(s) people and present(s) evidence?

f) Who commit(s) crimes?