Conclusions and recommendations. — КиберПедия 

История создания датчика движения: Первый прибор для обнаружения движения был изобретен немецким физиком Генрихом Герцем...

Особенности сооружения опор в сложных условиях: Сооружение ВЛ в районах с суровыми климатическими и тяжелыми геологическими условиями...

Conclusions and recommendations.

2019-06-06 112
Conclusions and recommendations. 0.00 из 5.00 0 оценок
Заказать работу

1. There are no scientific facts to support the following beliefs: that AIDS is an infectious disease caused by a retrovirus named HIV; that AIDS is a physically contagious illness transmitted through body fluids including blood, genital secretions and breast milk; that a positive result in the so-called "AIDS test" is indicative of infection with HIV; that once positive on the "AIDS test" the individual will develop AIDS; that a person who has a positive reaction to the "AIDS test" can prevent the development of AIDS by using several antiretroviral drugs; that the use of antiretroviral drugs can prevent the transmission of HIV from HIV-positive pregnant women to their babies; that AIDS can be treated with antiretroviral drugs; that the use of antiretroviral drugs is safe and free of harmful effects; and that therefore, it is rational to treat and prevent AIDS with antiretroviral medications. These are just unvalidated assumptions.

2. On the contrary, there are many scientific facts indicating that: the tests used for the diagnosis of HIV are extraordinarily inaccurate; that being HIV positive does not mean that the person is infected with HIV, the so-called "AIDS virus"; that there are more than 70 different non-HIV related reasons to have a positive result on the "AIDS test"; that the transmission and infectivity of AIDS is not real; that the risk of developing AIDS after being labeled "HIV positive" is unknown; that HIV is not the cause of AIDS; that HIV may not even exist as a virus; that what is called "AIDS" is a toxic and nutritional syndrome; that all antiretroviral drugs are highly toxic to humans; that the antiretroviral medications can by themselves cause AIDS; and that pregnant women, infants, and children are especially vulnerable to the toxic effects of antiretroviral medications.

3. The scientific data presented here demonstrate that it is not only irrational but indeed unethical to treat or prevent AIDS with toxic antiretroviral drugs in anybody (344-346). Besides that, it is contrary to common sense to treat or prevent a highly toxicological syndrome with even more toxicity.

4. To treat or prevent AIDS with toxic antiretroviral medications is also a violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: "No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment" (347). Therefore, no one has the right to "subject persons with HIV or AIDS to inhuman and degrading treatment even if purportedly in the community’s interests" (347).

5. The use of antiretroviral medications to treat or prevent AIDS should therefore be stopped immediately.

At the very least, there are serious legal implications with respect to the damage caused by these irrational treatments, as well as possibilities for legal suits and monetary compensation (72,348-350).

6. It is likewise urgent that the entire conception of AIDS as an infectious and transmissible viral disease caused by HIV be reappraised immediately.

7. People have the right to know both sides of a story, especially when they have to make decisions regarding their own health care. Not informing people of all the facts - as mentioned in this article - is a serious violation of the person’s right to make informed consent medical decisions (69,71).

"Self-determination and autonomy have been recognized, in fact, as a fundamental moral value in US law and are routinely applied to a medical context. In the 1914 Schloendorff case, Justice Nenjamin Cordozo opined: Every Human Being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body" (70).

"The requirements for informed consent are as follows: 1) The practitioner must disclose all information, including risks and benefits that a reasonable person would need to know in order to make a decision. 2) The one consenting must be competent and must understand the information provided. 3) The consent must be given voluntarily and without coercion" (70).

Is it really rational or even ethical to use toxic antiretroviral drugs in the treatment and prevention of AIDS in pregnant women, infants, children or anybody else?

It is the hope of the authors of this paper that the scientific arguments containing in this document can be used to alert people to the other side of the story.

DEDICATION

With this investigation, we want to honor the memory of Dr. Eduardo A. Verzini, MD, from La Plata, Argentina. Dr. Verzini died in May, 1998 of stress-related heart conditions after facing several years of court trials against him. He was accused of causing the HIV-positivity of some of his patients at "El Centro de Dialysis", a hospital for the treatment of kidney patients. Dr. Verzini was the Director of this hospital until it was closed by the Argentinean Health authorities, who argued that patients were infected with the "AIDS virus" there.

There is a huge amount of scientific documentation which shows that patients with renal insufficiency or in chronic dialysis programs - like Dr. Verzini’s patients - react positive in the tests for HIV due to their deteriorated health, rather than due to infection with HIV (351-360).

Dr. Verzini’s name is now added to the long list of people killed by the horrendous consequences of the belief that AIDS is an infectious and contagious condition.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Tanya Milosevic, Srdjan Milosevic and Lucia Madrid for their generous help in checking and correcting the manuscript of this article.

This investigation was not financially supported by any grant. It was possible thanks to the effort of its authors.

REFERENCES

  1. FAUCI AS. Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection. J Acq Immunodeficiency Syndromes 1993: 6:655-662.
  2. SAAH A. The Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS in Women. In: FADEN RR and KASS NE. HIV, AIDS and Childbearing. Public Policy, Private Lives. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996: 3-14.
  3. PANTALEO G, COHEN O, GRAZIOCI C, et al. Immunopathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. In: DEVITA VT, CURRAN J, HELLMAN S, et al. AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. 4th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott - Raven, 1997: 75-88.
  4. STAPRANS SI and FEINBERG MB. Natural History and Immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 Disease. In: SANDE MA and VOLBERDING PA. The Medical Management of AIDS. 5th Edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1997: 29-56.
  5. CLARK R. Clinical Manifestations and the Natural History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Women. In: COTTON D and WATTS DH. The Medical Management of AIDS in Women. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997: 115-124.
  6. LEVY JA. Overal Features of HIV Pathogenesis: Prognosis for Long-Term Survival. In: HIV and the Pathogenesis of AIDS. Second Edition. Washington DC: ASM Press, 1998: 311-338.
  7. GENDELMAN HE and STEVENSON M. Pathogenesis of HIV Infection. In: WORMSER GP. AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection. 3rd Edition. New York: Lippincott - Raven, 1998: 123-150.
  8. WORTH LA and VOLBERGING PA. Clinical Applications of Antiretroviral therapy. In: COHEN PT, SANDE MA and VOLBERDING PA. The AIDS Knowledge Base. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1994: 4.5.
  9. VOLBERDING PA. Antiretroviral Therapy. In: SANDE MA and VOLBERDING PA. The Medical Management of AIDS. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1997: 113-124.
  10. HIRSCH MS, D’AGUILA RT and KAPLAN JC. Antiretroviral Therapy. In: DEVITA VT, CURRAN J, HELLMAN S, et al. AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. 4th Edidion. Philadelphia: Lippincott - Raven, 1997: 495-508.
  11. LEVY JA. Antiviral Therapies. In: HIV and the Pathogenesis of AIDS. Second Edition. Washington DC: ASM Press, 1998: 339-364.
  12. SCHOOLEY RT. Antiretroviral Chemotherapy. In: WORMSER GP. AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection. New York: Lippincott - Raven, 1998: 717-732.
  13. OSMOND DH. Epidemiology and Transmission. In: COHEN PT, SANDE MA & VOLBERDING PA. The AIDS Knowledge Base. Second Edition. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1994: 1.1-1.15.
  14. HEYMANN J and BRUBAKER J. Breast Feeding and HIV Infection. In: COTTON D and WATTS DH. The Medical Management of AIDS in Women. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997: 55-66.
  15. LUZURIAGA K & SULLIVAN JL. Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus From Mother to the Fetus and Infant. In: DEVITA VT, CURRAN J, HELLMAN S, et al. AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. 4th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott - Raven, 1997: 167-176.
  16. LEVY JA. Features of HIV Transmission. In: HIV and the Pathogenesis of AIDS. Second Edition. Washington DC: ASM Press, 1998: 15-42.
  17. HUTTON N. Health Prospects for Children Born to HIV-Positive Women. In: FADEN RR and KASS NE. HIV, AIDS and Childbearing. Public Policy, Private Lives. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996: 63-77.
  18. SPERLING R. Perinatal Transmission of HIV. In: COTTON D and WATTS DH. The Medical Management of AIDS in Women. New York: John Willey & Sons, 1997: 45-54.
  19. FEINBERG MA and VOLBERDING PA. Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In: COHEN PT, SANDE MA and VOLBERDING PA. The Aids Knowledge Base. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1994: Section 2.
  20. PINS MR, TERUYA J and STOWELL CP. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Case Detection: Pragmatic and Technical Issues. In: COTTON D and WATTS DH. The Medical Management of AIDS in Women. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997: 163-176.
  21. METCALF JA, DAVEY RT and LANE HC. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Serologic and Virologic Tests. In: DEVITA VT, CURRAN J, HELLMAN S, et al. AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. 4th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott - Raven, 1997: 177-196.
  22. WEISS SH. Laboratory Detection of Human Retroviral Infection. In: WORMSER GP. AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection. New York: Lippincott- Raven, 1998: 175-200.
  23. VOLBERDING PA and COHEN PT. Natural History, Clinical Spectrum, and General Management of HIV Disease. In: COHEN PT, SANDE MA and VOLBERDING PA. The AIDS Knowledge Base. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1994: Section 4.
  24. ELDRED L and CHAISSON R. The Clinical Course of HIV Infection in Women. In: FADEN RR and KASS NE. HIV, AIDS and Childbearing. Public Policy, Private Lives. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996: 15-30.
  25. CONNOLLY L and JENKINS M. Strategies for Antiviral Therapy Based on the Retroviral Life Cycle. In: COHEN PT, SANDE MA and VOLBERDING PA. The AIDS Knowledge BASE. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1994: 3.5.
  26. FADEN RR, KASS NE, ACUFF KL, et al. HIV Infection and Childbearing: A Proposal for Public Policy and Clinical Practice. In: FADEN RR and KASS NE. HIV, AIDS and Childbearing. Public Policy, Private Lives. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996: 447-462.
  27. HITTI J and WATTS DH. Antiviral Therapy During Pregnancy. In: COTTON D and WATTS DH. The Medical Management of AIDS in Women. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997: 213-220.
  28. STINE GJ. Preventing the Transmission of HIV. In: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Biological, Medical, Social, and Legal Issues. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1996: 224-267.
  29. WATTS DH. Care of HIV-Positive Pregnant Women. In: COTTON D and WATTS DH. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997: 193-204.
  30. LEE BL. Drug Interactions and Toxicities in Patients with AIDS. In: SANDE MA and VOLBERDING PA. The Medical Management of AIDS. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1997: 125-142.
  31. LUZURIAGA K, BRYSON Y, KROGSTAND P. et al. Combination Treatment with Zidovidine, Diadenosine, and Nevirapine in Infants with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection. NEJM 1997; 336:1343-1349.
  32. MANN JM. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Human Rights. In: DEVITA VT, CURRAN J, HELLMAN S, et al. AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. 4th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott - Raven, 1997: 627-632.
  33. GRADY C. Human Immunodeficiency Disease: Ethical Considerations for Clinicians. In: DEVITA VT, CURRAN J, HELLMAN S, et al. AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. 4th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott - Raven, 1997: 633-644.
  34. BAYER R. AIDS and the Ethics of Prevention, Research, and Care. In: WORMSER GP. AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection. 3rd Edition. New York: Lippincott - Raven, 1998: 799-808.
  35. CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 Revised Classification System for HIV Infection & Expanded Surveillance Case Definition for AIDS Among Adolescents & Adults. MMWR 1992; 41: 1-19.
  36. INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE & NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Confronting AIDS. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1986.
  37. WORTLEY PM, CHU SY and BERKELMAN RL. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Women and Impact of the Expanded 1993 CDC Surveillance Definition of AIDS. In: COTTON D and WATTS DH. The Medical Management of AIDS in Women. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997: 3-14.
  38. PAPADOPULOS-ELEOPULOS E, TURNER V & PAPADIMITRIOU JM. Is a Positive Western Blot Proof of HIV Infection? Bio/Technology 1993; 11:696-707.
  39. PAPADOPULOS-ELEOPULOS E, TURNER V, PAPADIMITRIOU J & CAUSER D. HIV Antibodies: Further Questions and a Plea for Clarification. Curr Med Res Opin 1997; 13:627-634.
  40. PAPADOPULOS-ELEOPULOS E, TURNER V, PAPADIMITRIOU J, et al. Why No Whole Virus? Continuum (London) 1997; 4(5):27-30.
  41. JOHNSON C. Playing Russian Roulete in the Lab: Can you Really Trust the AIDS Test? New York: The HEAL Bulletin, Special Edition, 1993.
  42. JOHNSON C. Is Anyone Really Positive? Continuum (London); April/May 1995.
  43. JOHNSON C. Factors Known to Cause False-Positive HIV Antibody Test Results; Zenger’s San Diego, California, September 1996: 8-9.
  44. JOHNSON C. Whose Antibodies Are They Anyway? Continuum (London), September/October 1996; 4(3):4-5.
  45. HODGKINSON N. Science Fails the "AIDS Test". In: AIDS: The Failure of Contemporary Science. How a Virus that Never Was Deceived the World. London: Fourth Estate, 1996: 232-262.
  46. TURNER VF. Do HIV Antibody Tests Prove HIV Infection? Continuum (London) 1996; 3:8-11.
  47. BAUMGARTNER M and The International Forum for Accessible Science. Information Dosier: United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Geneva, Switzerland. April 1998: 64.
  48. CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interpretation and Use of the Western Blot Assay For Serodiagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infections. MMWR 1989; 38:S1-S7.
  49. ZOLLA-PAZNER S, GORNY MK & HONNEN WJ. Reinterpretation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Western Blot Patterns. NEJM 1989; 320:1280-1281.
  50. BURKE DS. Laboratory Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Clin Lab Med 1989; 9:369-392.
  51. DE COCK KM, SELIK RM, SORO B, et al. AIDS Surveillance in Africa: A Reappraisal of Case Definition. BMJ 1991; 303:1185-1189.
  52. MASKILL WJ & GUST ID. HIV-1 Testing in Australia. Australian Prescriber 1992; 15:11-13.
  53. VOEVODIN A. HIV Screening in Russia. Lancet 1992; 399:1548.
  54. CONTINUUM. HIV Positive? - It Depends Where You Live. Take a Look at the Criteria that Determine a Positive HIV Test Result. Continuum (London) 1995; 3(4):20.
  55. LUNDBERG GD. Serological Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection by Western Blot Testing. JAMA 1988; 260:674-679.
  56. TURNER VF. Do Antibody Tests Prove HIV Infection?. Interview by Huw Christie editor of Continuum. Continuum (London) Winter 1997/8; 5(2):10-19.
  57. PAPADOPULOS-ELEOPULOS E, TURNER VF, PAPADIMITRIOU JM & CAUSER D. The Isolation of HIV: Has it Really Been Achieved? The Case Against. Continuum (London) 1996; 4(3): S1-S24.
  58. ABBOTT LABORATORIES. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. HIVAB HIV-1 EIA. Abbott Laboratories, Diagnostics Division. January, 1997 (66-8805/R5), 5 pages.
  59. BUIANOUCKAS FR. HEAL’s Alternative AIDS Test. A Practical Alternative to T-Cell and Antibody Tests. HEAL (Health Education AIDS Liaison) Comprehensive Packet 1993.
  60. EPITOPE, ORGANON TEKNIKA. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). HIV-1 Western Blot Kit. PN201-3039 Revision # 6, page 11.
  61. ROCHE. Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor test. Roche Diagnostic Systems, 13-06-83088-001, 06/96.
  62. PIATAK N, SAAG MS, YANG LC, et al. High Levels of HIV-1 in Plasma During All Stages of Infection Determined by Competitice PCR. Science 1993; 259:1749-1754.
  63. VAN GEMEN B, KIEVITS T, SCHUKKINK R, et al. Quantification of HIV-1 RNA in Plasma Using NASBA During HIV-1 Primary Infection. J Virol Meth 1993; 43:177-188.
  64. KWOK S & SPINSKY JJ. PCR Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Proviral DNA Sequences. In: PERSING DH, SMITH TF, SMITH FC, et al. (eds.) Diagnostic Molecular Biology: Principles and Applications. Washington DC:ASM Press, 1993.
  65. MULDER J, MCKINNEY N, CRISTOPHERSON C, et al. Rapid and Simple PCR Assay for Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Plasma: Application to Acute Retroviral Infection. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:292-300.
  66. DEWAR RL, HIGBARGER HC, SARMIENTO MB, et al. Application of Branched DNA Signal Amplification to Monitor Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Burden in Human Plasma. J Inf Dis 1994; 170:1172-1179.
  67. JOHNSON C. The PCR to Prove HIV Infection. Viral Load and Why They Can’t Be Used. Continuum (London) 1996; 4:33-37 and 39.
  68. PHILPOTT P & JOHNSON C. Viral Load of Crap. Reappraising AIDS 1996; 4(10):1-4.
  69. KENT G, DELANY L, HOPE T and GRANT V. Teaching Analysis. Informed Consent: A Case for Multidisciplinary Teaching. Health Care Analysis 1996; 4(1):65-79.
  70. O’MARA P. Life, Liberty, and Informed Consent. Mothering September/October 1998; (90): 6-9.
  71. SILVERMAN WA. Informing and Consenting. In: Where’s The Evidence? Controversies in Modern Medicine.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998: 78-84.
  72. CHRISTIE H. Wake the Law. Damaging, Non-Specific HIV Testing at the Hands of the Medical Industry Must Soon Prompt Large Finantial Compensation for "the Diagnosed" It’s Time to Sue! Continuum (London) Spring 1998; 5(3):28-29
  73. PAPADOPULOS-ELEOPULOS E. Reappraisal of AIDS - Is the Oxidation Induced by the Risk Factors the Primary Cause? Medical Hypothesis 1988; 25:151-162.
  74. GIRALDO RA. AIDS and Stressors IV: The Real Meaning of HIV. In: AIDS and Stressors. Medellín, Colombia: Impresos Begón, 1997: 133-173.
  75. SHALLENBERGER F. Selective Compartmental Dominance: An Explanation for a Nonifectious, Multifactorial Etiology for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and a Rationale for Ozone Therapy and other Immune Modulating Therapies. Med Hypothesis 1998; 50:67-80.
  76. TURNER VF. Reducing Agents and AIDS - Why Are We Waiting? Med J Austr 1990; 153:502.
  77. GIRALDO RA. AIDS and Stressors II: A Proposal for the Pathogenesis of AIDS. In: AIDS and Stressors. Medellín: Impresos Begón, 1997: 57-96.
  78. SNYDER HW and FLEISSNER E. Specificity of Human Antibodies to Oncovirus Glycoproteins: Recognition of Antigen by Natural Antibodies Directed Against Carbohydrate Structures. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1980; 77:1622-1626.
  79. BARBACID M, BOLAGNESI D & AARONSON SA. Humans Have Antibodies Capable of Recognizing Oncoviral Glycoproteins: Demonstration that these Antibodies are Formed in Response to Cellular Modification of Glycoproteins Rather than as Consequence of Exposure to Virus. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1980; 77:1627-1621.
  80. WING MG. The Molecular Basis for a Polyspecific Antibody. Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 99:313-315.
  81. DUESBERG PH. AIDS Acquired by Drug Consumption and other Non Contagious Risk Factors. Pharmac Ther 1992; 55:201-277.
  82. DUESBERG PH & RASNICK D. The Drug-AIDS Hypothesis. Continuum (London) 1997; 4(5):S1-S24.
  83. GIRALDO RA. AIDS and Stressors III: A Proposal for the Natural History of AIDS. In: AIDS and Stressors. Medellín: Impresos Begón, 1997: 97-131.
  84. ZINKERNAGEL RM. Immunity to Viruses. In: PAUL WE. Fundamental Immunology. Third Edition. New York: Raven Press, 1993: 1211-1250.
  85. MIMS CA, DIMMOCK NJ, NASH A & STEPHEN J. The Immune Response to Infections. In: Mims’ Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases. Chapter 6. London: Academic Press, 1995: 136-167.
  86. EVANS AS. Viral Infections of Humans, Epidemiology and Control. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1989.
  87. GIRALDO RA. AIDS and Stressors I: Worldwide Rise of Immunological Stressors. In: AIDS and Stressors. Medellín: Impresos Begón, 1997: 23-56.
  88. LAURITSEN J. Poison by Prescription: The AZT Story. New York: Asklepios, 1990.
  89. DUESBERG PH. Foreign-Protein-Mediated Immunodeficiency in Hemophiliacs with & without HIV. Genetica 1995; 95: 51-70.
  90. PAPADOPULOS-ELEOPULOS E, TURNER V, PAPADIMITRIOU J, et al. Factor VIII, HIV and AIDS in Hemophiliacs: An Analysis of their Relationship. Genetica 1995; 95:25-50.
  91. GESHEKTER CL. Rethinking AIDS in Africa. Reappraising AIDS 1995; 3(2):1-4.
  92. PAPADOPULOS-ELEOPULOS E, TURNER V, PAPADIMITRIOU J, et al. A Critical Analysis of the HIV-T4-Cell-AIDS Hypothesis. Genetica 1995; 95:5-24.
  93. CDC Editorial note. In: FANNIN S, GOTTLIEB MS, ROGOLSKI E, et al. Cluster of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Pneumocystis carini Pneumonia Among Homesexual Males Residents of Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California. MMWR 1982; 31:305-307.
  94. DUESBERG PH. AIDS Epidemiology: Inconsistencies with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and with Infectious Disease. Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88:1575-1579.
  95. CHARIMUUTA RC & ROSALIND J. AIDS, Africa, and Racism. London: Free Association Books, 1989.
  96. PAPADOPULOS-ELEOPULOS E & TURNER V. AIDS in Africa? Reappraising AIDS 1995; 3(1)1-2.
  97. GESHEKTER CL. AIDS, Under Development, and Racial Stereotypes: Rethinking AIDS in Africa. Reappraising AIDS 1997, 5(7):1-5.
  98. MWEBE W. Wganda on Mind. Continuum (London) 1998; 5(3):30-31.
  99. FARBER C. Out of Africa. Spin March 1993.
  100. PETERMAN TA, STONEBURNER RL, ALLEN JR, rt al. Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission From Heterosexual Adults with Transfussion-Associated Infection. JAMA 1988; 259:55-58.
  101. JACQUEZ JA, KOOPMAN JS SIMON CP, et al. Role of the primary Infection in Epidemics of HIV Infection in Gay Chorts. J. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1994; 7: 1169-1184.
  102. PADIAN NS, SHIBOSKI SC, GLASS SO, et al. Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Northern California: Results from a Ten-Year Study. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146:350-357.
  103. KOLIADIN VL. Critical Analysis of the Current Views on the Nature of AIDS. Genetica 1995; 95:71-90.
  104. GIRALDO RA. Polemica Cientifica Internacional Acerca de la Causa del SIDA. Investigacion y Educacion en Enfermeria (University of Antioquia, Colombia) 1996; 14(2):55-74.
  105. ELLNER M & DIFERDINANDO T. Deconstructing AIDS. The Advanced Iatrogenic Disease Syndrome. HEAL (Health Education AIDS Liaison) Comprehensive Information Packet 1993.
  106. ELLNER M & DIFERDINANDO T. Unmasking HIV. AIDS, Hope and the Psychospiritual Healing Crisis. HEAL (Health Education AIDS Liaison) Comprehensive Information Packet 1993.
  107. DIFERDINANDO T. Dirty Words. The AIDS Fraud in Context. HEAL (Health Education AIDS Liaison) Comprehensive Information Packet 1993.
  108. DIFERDINANDO T. Geneva, AIDS and the Real Gold Standard. Continuum (London) 1998; 5(4):37-39.
  109. ELLNER M. "Cultural Hypnosis" and Questioning the HI-Virus. HEAL (Health Education AIDS Liaison) Comprehensive Information Packet 1991.
  110. ELLNER M. Protective Stupidity. The Role of Hysteria and Mass Hypnosis in the AIDS Belief System. Continuum (London) 1997/8; 5(2):49.
  111. EDWARDS N. In Prison, HIV-Paranoia Simmers. Continuum (London) 1998; 5(3):55-56.
  112. GIRALDO RA. AIDS Spread: Scientific Proof Missing. Advance for Medical Laboratory Professionals 1994; 6(32):4.
  113. DUESBERG PH. Inventing The AIDS Virus. Washington DC: Regnery Publishing Inc. 1996: 722.
  114. DUESBERG PH. Infectious AIDS; Have We Been Misled? Berkeley, CA: North Athantic Books, 1996: 582.
  115. CONNOR EM, SPERLING RS, GELBER R, et al. Reduction of Maternal-Infant Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 With Zidovudine Tretment. NEJM 1994; 331: 1173-1180.
  116. ALTMAN LK. AIDS Brings Shift on Breast-Feeding. To Combat AIDS, the U.N. Now Cautions on Breast-Feeding. The New York Times July 26, 1998: A1 and A6.
  117. SPECTER M. Breast-Feeding and HIV: Weighing Health Risks and Treatment Costs. The New York Times. August 19, 1998: A14.
  118. RIORDAN J. Viruses in Human Milk. Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In: RIORDAN J & AUERBACH K (eds). Breastfeeding and Human Lactation. Second Edition. Sudbury, Massachussetts: Jones and Barlett Publishers, 1999: 221-238.
  119. KENNEDY SB IV. Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Breast Milk. Medical Hypothesis 1998; 51:75-77.
  120. FARBER C. HIV and Breastfeeding: The Fears. The Misconceptions. The Facts. Mothering 1998 Sept/Oct No.90: 66-71.
  121. GIRALDO RA. Milking the Market. Will Mothers Dish Out the W.H.O. Formula? Continuum (London) 1998; 5(4):8-10.
  122. PHILPOTT P. HIV Hysteria Leads UN to Launch Anti-Breastfeeding Campain. Reappraising AIDS 1998; 6(9):1-3.
  123. KENT G. HIV/AIDS and the Nutrition Rights of Infants. 1998; 38 pages. <http://www2.hawaii.edu/~kent>
  124. TAYLOR JM, SCHWARTZ K & DETELS R. The Time from Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) to the Onset of AIDS. J Inf Dis 1986; 154:694-697.
  125. CONLAN MG. What Really Happened in Geneva. Physician Roberto Giraldo and Journalist John Lauritsen at 1998 AIDS Conference in Geneva. Reappraising AIDS 1998; 6(8):1-6.
  126. ALTMAN LK. Long Term Survivors May Hold Key Clues to Puzzle of AIDS. The New York Times, Science Times January 24, 1995: C1 & C11.
  127. BALTIMORE D. Lessons from People with Nonprogressive HIV Infection. NEJM 1995; 332:259-260.
  128. CAO Y, QIN L, ZHANG L, et al. Virologic and Immunologic Characterization of Long-Term Survivors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection. NEJM 1995; 332:201-208.
  129. PANTALEO G, MENZO S, VACCAREZZA M, et al. Studies in Subjects with Long-Term Nonprogressive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. NEJM 1995; 332: 209-216.
  130. KIRCHHOFF F, GREENNOUGH TC, BRETTLER DB, et al. Brief Report:Absence of Intact nef Sequences in a Long-Term Survivor with Nonprgressive HIV-1 Infection. NEJM 1995; 332:228-232.
  131. FAUCI AS. CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia Without HIV Infection. - No Lights, No Camera, Just Facts. NEJM 1993; 328:429-431.
  132. SMITH DK, NEAL JJ, HOLMBERG SD, and the CDC Idiopathic CD4 T-Lymphocytopenia Task Force. Unexplained Opportunistic Infections and CD4 T-Lymphocytopenia. NEJM 1993; 328:373-379.
  133. HO DD, CAO Y. AHU T, et al. Idiopathic CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia- Immunodeficiency Without Evidence of HIV Infection. NEJM 1993; 328:380-385.
  134. SPIRA TJ, JONES BM, NICHOLSON JKA, et al. Idiopathic CD4+ Lymphocytopenia - An Analysis of Five Patients With Unexplained Opportunistic Infections. NEJM 1993; 328:386-392.
  135. DUNCAN RA, VON REYN F, ALLIEGRO GM, et al. Idiopathic CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia - Four Patients with Opportunistic Infections and no Evidence of HIV Infection. NEJM 1993; 328:393-398.
  136. WELLS J. We Have to Question so Called "Facts". Capital Gay August 20, 1993: 14.
  137. GIRALDO RA. Papel de Estresantes Inmunologicos en Inmunodeficiencia. IATREIA (University of Antioquia, School of Medicine, Colombia) 1997; 10:62-76.
  138. BRYSON YJ, PANG S, WEI LS, et al. Clearance of HIV Infection in a Perinatally Infected Infant. NEJM 1995; 332:833-838.
  139. MCINTOSH K and BURCHETT SK. Clearance of HIV - Lessons from Newborns. NEJM 1995; 332:883-884.
  140. LEVY JA. Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Microbiological Reviews 1993; 57:183-298.
  141. DUESBERG PH. Retroviruses as Carcinogens and Pathogens: Expectations and Reallity. Cancer Research 1987; 47:1199-1220.
  142. BUIANOUCKAS FR. HIV an Illusion. Nature 1995; 375:197.
  143. HODGKINSON N. AIDS: The failure of Contemporary Scince. London, UK: Fourth Estate, 1996: 420.
  144. JASNY B. AIDS: The Unanswered Questions (Science Editorial). Science 1993; 260:1219.
  145. DUESBERG PH. With Therapies Like This, Who Needs Disease? In: Inventing the AIDS Virus. Washington DC: Regnery Publishing, 1996: 299-359.
  146. DUESBERG PH. How Much Longer Can We Afford the AIDS Virus Monopoly? In: AIDS: Virus - or Drug Induced? Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996: 241-270.
  147. BUIANOUCKAS FR. Genious for Corruption. The Great AIDS Caper. Copyright February 1992. <http://www.healaids.com>
  148. GIRALDO RA. AIDS and Stressors: AIDS in Neither an Infectious Disease nor is Sexually Transmitted. It is a Toxic-Nutritional Syndrome Caused by the Alarming Worldwide Increment of Immunological Stressor Agents. Medellín, Colombia: Impresos Begón, 1997: 205.
  149. SHENTON J. AZT: Cause for Concern. In: Positively False. Exposing the Myths Around HIV and AIDS. London: I.B. Tauris, 1998: 110-139.
  150. SHENTON J. Positively False: Wrong Tests and long-term Survivors. In: Positively False: Exposing the Myths Around HIV and AIDS. London: I.B. Tauris, 1998: 238-239.
  151. MAGGIORE C. What if Everything you Thought you Knew about AIDS was Wrong? Third Printing. Los Angeles: HEAL (Health Education AIDS Liaison), 1997: 55.
  152. LAURITSEN J. AZT: Iatrogenic Genocide. In: The AIDS War: Propaganda, Profiteering and Genocide from the Medical-Industrial Complex. New York: Asklepios, 1993: 71-86.
  153. LAURITSEN J & YOUNG I. Psychological and Toxicological Causes of AIDS. In: The AIDS Cult: Essays on the Gay Health Crisis. Provincetown: Asklepios, 1997: 75-100.
  154. GIRALDO RA. AIDS in Neither an Infectious Disease nor is Sexually Transmitted. In: AIDS and Stressors. Medellín: Impresos Begón, 1997: 175-187.
  155. ELLISON BJ, DOWNEY AB & DUESBERG PH. HIV as a Surrogate Marker for Drug Use: a Re-analysis of The San Francisco Men’s Health Study. In: Virus- or Drug Induced? Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kiuwer Academic Publishers, 1996: 97-104.
  156. DUESBERG PH. Can Epidemiology Determine Whether Drugs or HIV Cause AIDS? AIDS-Forschung 1993; 12: 627-635.
  157. ALFONSO HS. El Porque del Fiasco. In: El Gran Fiasco: El SIDA no es Causado por el VIH. Barranquilla: Prestigio Editorial Colombiana, 1996: 149-163.
  158. GOEDERT JJ, NEULAND CY, WALLEN WC, et al. Amyl Nitrite May Alter T Lymphocytes in Homosexual Men. Lancet 1982; i: 412-416.
  159. GOEDERT JJ, COHEN AR, KESSLER CM, et al. Risks of Immunodeficiency, AIDS, & Death Related to Purity of Factor VIII Concentrate. Lancet 1994; 344: 791-792.
  160. NICOLOSI A, MUSICO M, SARACCO A, et al. Incidence and Risk Factors of HIV Infection: A Prospective Study of Seronegative Drug Users From Milan and North Italy. 1987-1989. Epidemiology 1990; 1:453-459.
  161. PHAIR J, JACOBSON L, DETELS R, et al. AIDS Occurring Within 5 Years of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acq Immunodef Syndromes 1992; 5:490-496.
  162. DES JARLAIS DC, FRIEDMAN SR, MARMOR R, et al. CD4 Lymphocytopenia among Injecting Drug Users in New York City. J AIDS 1993; 6:820-822.
  163. LAURITSEN J & WILSON H. Death Rush, Poppers and AIDS. New York: Pagan Press, 1986.
  164. GOTTLIEB MS, SCHANKER HM, FAN PT, et al. Pneumocystic Pneumonia-Los Angeles. MMWR 1981; 30:250-252.
  165. BARRE-SINOUSSI F, CHERMANN JC, REY F et al. Isolation of a T-Lymphotropic Retrovirus from a Patient at Risk for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Science 1983; 220:868-871.
  166. PAPOVIC M, SARNGADHARAN MG, READ E, et al. Detection, Isolation, and Continious Production of Cytopathic Retroviruses (HTLV-III) from Patients with AIDS and Pre-AIDS. Science 1984; 224:497-500.
  167. LEVY J, HOFFMAN AD, KRAMER SM, et al. Isolation of Lymphocytopathic Retroviruses from San Francisco Patients with AIDS. Science 1984; 225:840-842.
  168. PAPADOPULOS-ELEOPULOS E. Is HIV the Cause of AIDS. Interview by Christine Johnson. Continuum (London) 1997; 5(1):8-19.
  169. LANKA S. HIV: Reality or Artefact? Continuum (London) 1995.
  170. LANKA S. Collective Fallacy. Rethinking HIV. Continuum (London) 1996; 4(3):19-20.
  171. LANKA S. No Viral Identification: No Cloning as Proof of Isolation. Continuum (London) 1997; 4(5):31-33.
  172. DE HARVEN E. Pioneer Deplores "HIV" "Maintaining Errors is Evil" Continuum (London) 1997/8; 5(2):24.
  173. DE HARVEN E. Remarks on Methods for Retroviral Isolation. Continuum (London) 1998; 5(3):20-21.
  174. PHILPOTT P. The Isolation Question. Does HIV Exist? Do HIV Tests Indicate HIV Infection? Here’s Why Some Scientists Say No. How an Australian Biophysicist and her Simple Observations Have Taken Center Stage Among AIDS Reappraisers. Reappraising AIDS 1997; 5(6):1-12.
  175. PAPADOPULOS-ELEOPULOS E, TURNER V, PAPADIMITRIOU J, et al. Between the Lines. A Critical Analysis of Luc Montagnier’s Interview Answers to Djamel Tahi. Continuum (London) 1997/8; 5(2):35-45.
  176. HODGKINSON N.Origin of the Specious. Continuum (London) 1996c; 4(3):17-18.
  177. TURNER VF. Where Have We Gone Wrong? Continuum (London) 1998; 5(3):38-44.
  178. KLATZMANN D & MONTAGNIER L. Approaches to AIDS Therapy. Nature 1986; 319:10-11.
  179. PAPADOPULOS-ELEOPULOS E, TURNER V & PAPADIMITRIOU J. Oxidative Stress, HIV and AIDS. Res Immunol 1992; 143:145-148.
  180. DOOLITTLE RF, FENG DF, JOHNSON MS, et al. Origins and Evolutionary Relationships of Retroviruses. Quart Rev Biol 1989; 64:1-30.
  181. LORI D, DI MARZO VERONESE F, DE VICO AL, et al. Viral DNA Carried by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Virions. J Virol 1992; 66:5067-5074.
  182. ZHANG H, ZHANG Y, SPICER TS, et al. Reverse Transcription Takes Place Within Extracellular HIV-1 Virions: Potential Biological Significance. AIDS Res Hum Retrovirus 1993; 9:1287-1296.
  183. GLUSCHANKOF P, MONDOR I, GELDERBLOM HR, et al. Cell Membrane Vesicles are a Major Contaminant of Gradient-Enriched Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Preparations. Virology 1997; 230:125-133.
  184. BESS JW, GORELICK RJ, BOSCHE WJ, et al. Microvesicles are a Source of Contaminating Cellular Proteins Found in Purified HIV-1 Preparations. Virology 1997; 230:134-144.
  185. KOVAL TM. Stress-Inducible Processes in Higher Eukaryotic Cells. New York: Plenum Press, 1997: 256.
  186. DURACK DT. Opportunistic Infections & Kaposi’s Sarcoma in Homosexual Men. NEJM 1981; 305: 1465-1467.
  187. RAPPOPORT J. AIDS Inc.: Scandal of the Century. San Bruno, CA: Human Energy Press, 1988: 275.
  188. ADAMS J. AIDS: The HIV Myth. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1989.
  189. OPPENHEIMER GM. Causes, Cases, and Cohorts: The Role of Epidemiology in the Historical Construction of AIDS. In: FEE R & FOX DM. AIDS: The Making of a Chronic Disease. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992: 49-83.
  190. FETTNER AG & CHECK WA. The Truth About AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic. New York: Holt, Rinheart & Wilson, 1985.
  191. NEWELL GR, MANSELL PWA, WILSON MB, et al. Risk Factor Analysis Among Men Referred for Possible Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Preventive Med 1985; 14:81-91.
  192. HAVERKOS HW & DOUGHERTY JA. Helth Hazards of Nitrite Inhalants. Am. J. Med. 1988; 84: 479-482.
  193. HAVERKOS HW & DOUGHERTY JA (EDS). Health Hazards of Nitrite Inhalants. Washington DC: US Dept. Health & Human Services, 1988: 83.
  194. MCMANUS TJ, STARRETT LA & HARRIS RW. Amyl Nitrite Use by Homosexuals. Lancet 1982; I:503.
  195. JAFFE HW, CHOI K, THOMAS PA, et al. National Case-Control Study of Kaposi’s sarcoma & Pneumocystis Carini Pneumonia in Homosexual Men: Part 1, Epidemiologic Results. Ann. Intern. Med. 1983; 99: 145-151.
  196. FRANCIS DP, CURRAN JW & ESSEX M. Epidemic Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: Epidemiologic Evidence for a Transmissible Agent. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983; 71:1-4.
  197. CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. An Evaluation of The Immunotoxic Potential of Isobutyl Nitrite. MMWR 1983; 32: 457-458, 464.
  198. BUIANOUCKAS FR. Towards Health: A New Paradigm for AIDS. HEAL (Health Eduacation AIDS Liaison) Comprehensive Packet 1992.
  199. DUESBERG PH. HIV, AIDS & Zidovudine. Lancet 1992; 339: 805-806.
  200. DUESBERG PH. Alternative AIDS Hypotheses. Preface. Genetica 1995; 95:3.
  201. ASCHER MS, SHEPPARD HW, WINKELSTEIN W, et al. Does Drug Use Cause AIDS? Nature (London) 1993; 362:103-104.
  202. SCHECHTER MT, CRAIB KJP, GELMON KA, et al. HIV-1 and the Aetiology of AIDS. Lancet 1993; 341:658-659.
  203. COHEN J. The Duesberg Phenomenon. Science 1994; 266:1642-1649.
  204. VEUGELERS PL, PAGE KA, TINDALL B, et al. Determinants of HIV Disease Progression Among Homosexual Men Registered in the Tricontinental Seroconverter Study. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 140:747-758.
  205. GIBBONS J. Drugs & Us. Gay Times (London) 1996; September: p17-37.
  206. HAVERKOS HW, DROTMAN DP & HANSON D. Surveillance for AIDS-Related Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS): Update. Rockvile, MD/Atlanta, GA: NIDA/CDC, 1994: May.
  207. LAURITSEN J. NIH Reconsiders Nitrites’ Link to AIDS. Biotechnology 1994; 12:762-763.
  208. SIGNORILE M. The Incredible Bulk: It Looks Like the Whole Gay World is on Steroids, Maybe That’s Because It Is. Out, May 1997: P70,72,73 & 124.
  209. CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. HIV & AIDS Cases Reported Through December 1996. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report 1996; 8: 1-39.
  210. MOSS AR. AIDS and Intravenous Drug Use: The Real Heterosexual Epidemic. Br Med J 1987; 294:389-390.
  211. OSTROW DG, BELTRAN ED, JOSEPH JG, et al. Recreational Drugs and Sexual Behavior in the Chicago MACS/CCS Cohort of Homosexual Active Men. J Subst Abuse 1993; 5:311-325.
  212. SIGNORILE M. Life Outside: The Signorile Report on Gay Men: Sex, Drugs, Muscles, and the Passages of Life. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1997.
  213. EUROPEAN COLLABORATIVE STUDY. Children Born to Women with HIV-1 Infection: Natural History & Risk of Transmission. Lancet 1991; 337: 253-260.
  214. EUROPEAN COLLABORATIVE STUDY. Natural History of Vertically Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection. Pediatrics 1994; 94:815-819.
  215. CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National HIV Serosurveillance Summary; Update 1993. United States Department of Health and Human Services 1995.
  216. WHO, World Health Organization. The Current Global Situation of the HIV/AIDS Pandemic. WHO, Geneva, January 1995.
  217. WHO, World Health Organization. WHO Report No. 45: AIDS Surveillance in Europe. AIDS Forschung 1995; 10:603-613.
  218. WHITE HOUSE Office of National Drug Control Policy. Fact Sheet: Drug Data Summary. DHSS, The White House, Washington DC, 1998.
  219. BLANCHE S, ROUZIOUX C,MOSCATO MLG, et al. A Prospective Study of Infants Born to Women Seropositive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. NEJM 1989; 320:1643-1648.
  220. SCHAMA KF, HOWELL LL & BYRD LD. Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine. In: HIGGINS ST & KATZ JL. Cocaine Abuse. Behavior, Pharmacology and Clinical Applications. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998: 159-179.
  221. MOK JQ, DE ROSSI A, ADES AE, et al. Infants Born to Mothers Seropositive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Lancet 1987; I:1164-1168.
  222. ASCHER MS, SHEPPARD HW & WINKELSTEIN W. AIDS-Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma (letter). Science 1995; 267: 1080.
  223. SELIGMAN M, CHESS L, FAHEY JL. AIDS - An Immunologic Reevaluation. NEJM 1984; 311:1286-1292.
  224. SANCTON TA. TIME Planet of the Year: What on Earth are We Doing? TIME 1989; 133(1):26-30.
  225. WORLD HEALTH. Reaching Out to the Poorest. World Health, Magazine of the World Health Organization. 1994; 47(6):1-31.
  226. LAYON J, IDRIS A, WASZYNSKI M, et al. Altered T-Lymphocyte Subsets in Hospitalized Intravenous Drug Abusers. Arch Intern Med 1984; 144:1376-1380.
  227. LERNER WD. Cocaine Abuse and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Tale of Two Epidemics. Am J Med 1989; 87:661-663.
  228. LARRAT PE & ZIERLER S. Entangled Epidemics: Cocaine Use and HIV Disease. J Psychoactive Drugs 1993; 25:207-221.
  229. MIENJES GH, MIEDEMA F, VAN AMEIJDEN EJ, et al. Frequent Injecting Impairs Lymphocyte Reactivity in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negatine Drug Users. AIDS 1991; 5:35-41.
  230. NIEMAN RB, FLEMING J, COKER RJ, et al. The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on the Development of AIDS in HIV-1-Seropositive Individuals. AIDS 1993; 7:705-710.
  231. RATAJCZAK HV, THOMAS PT, HOUSE RV, et al. Local Versus Systemic Immunotoxicity of Isobutyl Nitrite Following Subchronic Inhalation Exposure of Female B6C3F1 Mice. Fund Appl Toxicol 1995; 27:177-184.
  232. HOLSAPPLE MP, KAMINSKI NE and PRUETT SB. T Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Immunotoxicology of Drug of Abuse. In: KIMBER I and SELGRADE MK. T Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Immunotoxicology. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1998: 73-102.
  233. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer. Washington DC: National Academic Press, 1982.
  234. DES JARLAIS DC, FRIEDMAN SR, MARMOR M, et al. Development of AIDS, HIV Seroconversion, & Pontential Cofactors for T4 Cell Loss in a Cohort of Intravenous Drug Users. AIDS 1987; 1: 105-111.
  235. WEBER R, LEDERGERBER W, OPRAVIL M, et al. Progression of HIV Infection in Misusers of Injected Drugs Who Stop Injecting or Follow a Programme of Maintenance Treatment with Methadone. Br Med J 1990; 301:1362-1365.
  236. KLIMAS NG, BLANEY NT, MORGAN RO, et al. Immune Function & Anti-HTLV-I/II Status in Anti-HIV-1-Negative Intravenous Drug Users Receiving Methadone. Amer J Med 1991; 90: 163-170.
  237. HUGHES MD, STEIN DS, GUNDACKER HM, et al. Within-Subject Variation in CD4 Lymphocyte Count in Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Implications for Patient Monitoring. J Infect Dis 1994; 169: 28-36.
  238. BLANCHE S, MAYAUX MJ, ROUZIOUX C, et al. Relation of the Course of HIV Infection in Childern to The Severity of The Disease in Their Mothers at Delivery. NEJM 1994; 330:308-312.
  239. KRIEGER JA, HEO Y & LAWRENCE DA. Oxidative Stress and Heavy Metal Modification of T Lymphocyte Subsets. In: KIMBER I & SELGRADE MK. T Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Immunotoxicology. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1998: 103-120.
  240. RADI R, CASTRO L, RODRIGUEZ M, et al. Free Radical Damage to Mitochondria. In: BEAL MF, HOWELL N & BODIS-WOLLNER I. Mitochondria and Free Radicals in Neurodegenerative Diseases. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997: 57-90.
  241. HASSIG A, KREMER H, LANKA S, LIANG W-X & STAMPFLI K. 15 Years of AIDS. The Continuous Failure in the Prevention and Treatment of AIDS is Rooted in the Misinterpretation of an Inflammatory Autoimmune Process as a Lethal, Viral Venereal Disease. Continuum (London) 1998; 5(3): 32-37.
  242. MARMOR M, FRIEDMAN-KIEN AE, LAUBENSTEIN L, et al. Risk Factors for Kaposi’s Sarcoma in Homosexual Men. Lancet 1982; i:1083-1087.
  243. NEWELL GR, MANSELl PWA, SPITZ MR, et al. Volatil Nitrites: Use and Adverse Effects Related to the Current Epidemic of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Am J Med 1985; 78:811-816.
  244. DUESBERG PH and YIAMOUYIANNIS J. HIV Does Not Cause AIDS, But… In: AIDS: The Good News is HIV Doesn’t Cause it. The Bad News is "Recreational Drugs" and Medical Treatments like AZT Do. Delaware, Ohio: Health Action Press, 1995: 46-47.
  245. WHO, World Health Organization. WHO Report No. 48. Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER) 1996; 48:361-368.
  246. CLINTON W & THE WHITE HOUSE. The National Drug Control Strategy: 1996. Washington DC: The White House, 1996.
  247. ASSOCIATED PRESS. $53.7 Billion Spent on Illegal Drugs in ’95. San Francisco Chronicle 1997; November 10: p A6.
  248. NEW YORK TIMES. Most $ 1 Bills Teinted by Cocaine, Lab Finds. The New York Times September 23, 1997.
  249. FIELDS BN. AIDS: Time to Turn to Basic Science. Nature 1994; 369:95-96.
  250. HAND T. Why Antiviral Drugs Cannot Resolve AIDS. Reappraising AIDS 1996; 4(9):1-4.
  251. HORWITZ JP, CHUA J & NOEL M. Nucleosides. V. The Monomesylates of 1-(2’-Deoxy-Beta-D-Lyxofuranosyl)Thymidine. J Org Chem 1964; 29:2076.
  252. KOLATA G. Imminent Marketing of AZT Raises Problems; Marrow Suppression Hampers AZT Victims. Science 1987; 235: 1462-1463.
  253. GLAXO WELLCOME. Retrovir (Zidovudine). In: Physician’s Desck Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economic Co., 1998: 1167-1175.
  254. GILL PS, RARICK M, BYRNES RK, et al. Azidothymidine Associated with Bone Marrow Failure in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Ann Intern Med 1987; 107:502-505.
  255. SMOTHERS K. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Pharmacology and Toxicology. In: GOLDFRANK LR, FLOMENBAUM NE, LEWIN NA, et al. Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. Fith Edition. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange, 1994: 455-472.
  256. CHIU DT and DUESBERG PH. Toxicity of Azidothymidine (AZT) on Human and Animal Cells in Culture at Concentrations Used for Antiviral Therapy. Genetica 1995; 95:103-109.
  257. ZARETSKY MD. AZT Toxicity and AIDS Prophylaxis: Is AZT Benefitial for HIV + Asymptomatic Persons with 500 or More T4 Cell per Cubic Milimeter? Genetica 1995; 95:91-101.
  258. ROSENTHAL GJ and KOWOLENKO M. Immunotoxicologic Manifestations of AIDS Therapeutics. In DEAN JH, LUSTER MI, MUNSON AE and KIMBER I. Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology. Second Edition. New York: Raven Press, 1994: 249-265.
  259. YARCHOAN R, MITSUYA H, MYERS CE, et al. Clinical Pharmacology of 3’-azido-1’, 3’-dideoxythymidine (Zidovudine) and Related Dideoxynucleosides. NEJM 1989; 321:726-739.
  260. KHOO SH & WILKINS EGL. Review: Controversies in Anti-Retroviral Therapy of Adults. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995; 35:245-262.
  261. PLUDA JM, YARCHOAN R, JAFFE ES, et al. Development of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Cohort of Patients with Severe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy. Ann Intern Med 1990; 113:276-282.
  262. COHEN SS. Antiretroviral Therapy for AIDS. NEJM 1987; 317:629.
  263. YARCHOAN R & BRODER S. Antiretroviral Therapy for AIDS. NEJM 1987; 317:630.
  264. COHEN J. The Media’s Love Affair with AIDS Research: Hope vs. Hype. Science 1997; 275:298-299.
  265. NUSSBAUM B. Good Intentions: How Big Business, Politics, and Medicine are Corrupting the Fight Against AIDS. New York: Atlantic Montly Press, 1990: 352.
  266. RICHMAN DD, FISCHL MA, GRIECO MH, et al., and The AZT Collaborative Working Group. The Toxicity of Azidothymidine (AZT) in the Treatment of Patients with AIDS and AIDS-Related Complex. NEJM 1987; 317:192-197.
  267. MCLEOD GX & HAMMER SM. Zidovudine: Five Years Later. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117:487-501.
  268. FREIMEN JP, HELFERT KE, HAMRELL MR, et al. Hepatomegaly with Severe Steatosis in HIV-Seropositive Patients. AIDS 1993; 7: 379-385.
  269. BACELLAR H, MUNOZ A, MILLER EN, et al. Temporal Trends in the Incidence of HIV-1-related Neurologic Diseases: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1985-1992. Neurology 1994; 44: 1892-1900.
  270. PARKER WB & CHENG YC. Mitochondrial Toxicity of antiviral Nucleoside Analogs. The J of NIH Research 1994; 6:57-61.
  271. KUMAR RM, HUGHES PF & KHURRANNA A. Zidovudine Use in Pregnancy: A Report of 104 Cases and the Occurrence of Birth Defects. J Acquire Immunodeficiency Syndromes 1994; 7:1034-1039.
  272. BOX JL, FEARON ER, HAMILTON SR, et al.Prevalance of Ras Gene Mutations in Human Colorectal Cancers. Nature (London) 1987; 327: 293-297.
  273. MOYE J, RICH KC, KALISH LA, et al. Natural History of Somatic Growth in Infants Born to Women Infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus. J Pediatrics 1996; 128:58-67.
  274. BESSEN LJ, GREENE JB, LOUIE E, et al. Severe Polymyositis-like Syndrome Associated with Zidovudine Therapy of AIDS and ARC. NEJM 1988; 318: 708.
  275. GORARD DA & GUILODD RJ. Necrotizing Myopathy and Zidovudine. Lancet 1988; i:1050.
  276. HELBERT M, FLETCHER T, PEDDLE B, et al. Zidovudine-Associated Myopathy. Lancet 1988; ii:689-690.
  277. DALAKAS MC, ILLA I, PEZESHKPOUR GH, et al. Mitochondrial Myopathy Caused by Long-Term Zidovudine Therapy. NEJM 1990; 322:1098-1105.
  278. TILL M & MACDONNELL KB. Myopathy with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection: HIV-1 or Zidovudine? Ann Intern Med 1990; 113:492-494.
  279. HITCHCOCK MJM. Review: Antiviral Portrait Series, Number 1; 2’,3’-didehydro-2’,3’-dideoxythymidine (D4T), an anti -HIV Agent. Anitiviral Chem Chemother 1991; 2:125-132.
  280. YARCHOAN R, PLUDA JM, PERNO CF, et al. Anti-Retroviral Therapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Current Strategies and Challenges for the Future. Blood 1991; 78:859-884.
  281. SMOTHERS K. Pharmacology and Toxicology of AIDS Therapies. The AIDS Reader 1991; 1:29-35.
  282. LAURITSEN J. FDA Documents Show Fraud in AZT Trials. New York Native, March 30, 1992.
  283. JACOBSON MA, DE MIRANDA P, GORDON SM, et al. Prolongued Pancytopenia Due to Combined Ganciclovir and Zidovudine Therapy. J Inf Dis 1988; 158:489-490.
  284. FOGELMAN I, LIM L, BASSETT R, et al. Prevalence and Patterns of Use of Concomitant Medications Among Participants in Three Multicenter Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Clinical Trials. J of Acquired Immunodeficienmcy Syndr 1994; 7:1057-1063.
  285. MAUGH II TH. Researchers on Path to First Inexpensive AIDS Medication. San Francisco Chronicle, February 6, 1998: A6.
  286. STOLBERG SG. Despite New AIDS Drugs, Many Still Lose the Battle. The New York Times, August 22 1997: A1, A6.
  287. LIPSKY JJ. Abnormal Fat Accumulation in Patients with HIV-1 Infection. Lancet 1998; 351:847-848.
  288. MILLER KD, JAMES E, YANOVSKI J, et al. Visceral Abdominal-Fat Accumulation Associated with Use of Indinavir. Lancet 1998; 351:871-875.
  289. LO JC, MULLIGAN K, TAI VW, et al. "Buffalo Hump" in Men with HIV-1 Infection. Lancet 1998; 351:867-870.
  290. BRAEU N, LEAF HL, WIECZORCK RL, et al. Severe Hepatitis in Three AIDS Patients Treated with Indinavir. Lancet 1997; 349: 924-925.
  291. GROSSMAN SJ, REINFOED N, EYDELLOTH RS, et al. Hepatotoxicity of an HIV Protease Inhibitor in Dogs & Rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1997;146: 40-52.
  292. HENGEL RC, WARTTS NB & LENNOX JL. Benign Symmetric Lipomatosis Associatted with Protease Inhibitors. Lancet 1997; 350:1596.
  293. HERRY I, BERNARD L, DE TRUCHIS P, et al. Hypertrophy of the Breasts in a Patient Treated With Indinavir. Clin Inf Dis 1997; 25:937-938.
  294. JAMES JS. Protease Inhibitors Metabolic Side Effects: Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Blood Sugar, and "Crixbelly". In: AIDS Treatment News 1997, Issue No. 273, August 15, 1997.
  295. DI PERVI G, DEL BRAVO P & CONCIA E. HIV - Protease Inhibitors. NEJM 1998; 339:773-774.
  296. RACE EM, ADELSON-MITTY J, KRIEGEL GR, et al. Focal Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis Following Initiation of Protease-inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Advanced HIV-1Disease. Lancet 1998; 351:252-255.
  297. ISMACH J. AIDS’98 Protease Impediments: Lipodystrophy and Drug Resistance Take the Edge Off Cocktail Euphoria. News From the Geneva 12th World AIDS Conference. Physician Weekly 1998; 15(33):1.
  298. STAHLMANN R & KLUG S. Antiviral Agents: Nucleoside and Non-Nucleoside Analogues. In KAVLOCK RJ & DASTON GP. Drug Toxicity in Embryonic Development. Advances in Understanding Mechanisms of Birth Defects: Mechanisting Understanding of Human Developmental Toxicants. Berlin: Springer, 1997: 231-264.
  299. PAUL WE. The Immune System: An Introduction. In: Fundamental Immunology. Third Edition. New York: Raven Press, 1993: 1-20.
  300. MALE D, COOK A, WOEN M, et al. The Immune System. In: Advanced Immunology. London: Mosby, 1996: 1.1.
  301. FARBER C. AZT on Trial. The Treatment for AIDS Accused of Being Deadlier than the Disease itself. Spin July 1996.
  302. SCHMITZ SH, SCHEDING S, VOLIOTIS D, et al. Side Effects of AZT Prophylaxis After Occupational Exposure to HIV-Infected Blood. Ann Hematol 1994; 69:135-138.
  303. SELIGMAN M, WARRELL DA, ABOULKER JP, et al. Concorde: MRC/ANRS Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial of Immediate and Deferred Zidovudine in Symptom-free HIV Infection. Lancet 1994; 343:872-881.
  304. POZNANSKY MC, COKER R, SKINNER C, et al. HIV Positive Patients First Presenting with an AIDS-Defining Illness: Characteristics and Survival. Br. Med J 1995; 311:156-158.
  305. SAAH AJ, HOOVER DR, PENG Y, et al., and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Predictors For Failure of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Prophylaxis. JAMA 1995; 273:1197-1202.
  306. SABIN CA, PHILLIPS AN & LEE CA. Response: Arguments Contradict the "Foreign Protein-Zidovudine" Hypothesis. Br Med J 1996; 312:211-212.
  307. FISCHL MA, RICHMAN DD, GRIECO MH, et al. The Efficacy of Azidothymidine (AZT) in The Treatment of Patients with AIDS & AIDS-Related Complex. NEJM 1987; 317: 185-191.
  308. ALCABES P, SCHOENBAUM EE & KLEIN RS. Correlates of the Rate of Decline of CD4+ Lymphocytes Among Infection Drug Users Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Amm J Epidemiol 1993; 137:989-1000.
  309. DARBY SC, EWART DW, GIANGRANDE LF, et al. Mortality Before & After HIV Infection in Complete UK Population of Haemophiliacs (letter). Nature (London) 1995; 377:79-82.
  310. CHORBA TL, HOLMAN RC, STRINE TW, et al. Changes in Longevity & Causes of Death Among Persons with Hemophilia A. Am. J. Hematol 1994; 45: 112-121.
  311. HORTON R. Will Duesberg Now Concede Defeat? The Lancet 1995; 346: 656.
  312. MADDOX J. More Conviction on HIV and AIDS. Nature 1995; 377:1.
  313. SCOLARO M, DURHAM R & PIECZENIK G. Potential Molecular Competitor for HIV. Lancet 1991; 337:731-732.
  314. HERESI GP, CACERES E, ATKINSJT, et al. Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in Infants Who Were Exposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus But Were not Infected: An Exception to the AIDS Sirveillance Case Definition. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25:739-740.
  315. MERCK and Company. Crixivan (Indinavir Sulfate): Patient Information About Crixivan. SPIN June, 1997: 111-114.
  316. MATSUOKA A, OZAKI M, TAKESHITA K, et al. Aneuploid Induction by Benzo[a]Pyrene and Polyploid Induction by 7,12-Dimetylbenz[a]Antracene in Chinese Hamster Cells V79-MZ and V79. Mutagenesis 1997; 12:365-372.
  317. LEWIS R. Genetic Imprecision. BioScience 1991; 41:288-293.
  318. BENEDICT WF. Early Changes in Number and Structure After Treatment of Fetal Hamster Cultures with Transforming Doses of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons. J Natl Cancer Inst 1972; 49: 585-590.
  319. SANDLER L & HECHT F. Genetics Effects of Aneuploidy. Amer J Hum Genet 1973; 25:332-339.
  320. GOGU SR, BECKMAN BS & AGRAWAL KC. Anti HIV-Drugs: Comparative Toxicities in Murine Fetal Liver and Bone Marrow Erythroid Progenitor Cells. Life Sci 1989; 45: iii-vii.
  321. GREENBLAT RM, HOLLANDER H, MCMASTER JR, et al. Polypharmacy Among Patients Attending an AIDS Clinic: Utilization of Prescribed, unorthodox, & Investigational Treatments. Journal of Acquried Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1991; 4: 136-143.
  322. HAYES T, ALTMAN R, AKILI-OBIKA A, et al. HIV-Releted Deaths from Selected Infectious Disease Among Persons Without AIDS in New Jersey. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1994; 7: 1074-1078.
  323. MARTINEZ M. The Existence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Resistance to Nucleoside-Analog Drugs Has not Been Shown. Med Hypothesis 1997; 49:235-240.
  324. ROGERS J & KAVLOCK R. Developmental Toxicology. In: KLAASSEN CD, AMDUR MO & DOULL J. Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. Fith Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996: 301-332.
  325. DESESSO JM & HARRIS SB. Principles Underlying Developmental Toxicology. In: FAN AM & CHANG LW. Toxicology and Risk Assessment. Principles, Methods, and Applications. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1996: 37-56.
  326. MILLER RK, KELLOG CK & SALTZMAN RA. Reproductive and Perinatal Toxicology. In: HALEY TJ & BERNDT WO. Hadbook of Toxicology. Cambridge: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1987: 195-309.
  327. NEEDLEMAN HL & BELLINGER D. Prenatal Exposure to Toxicants: Developmental Consequences. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994: 321.
  328. LANCET. Zidovudine for Mother, Fetus, and Child: Hope or Poison? Lancet 1994; 344:207-209.
  329. PHILPOTT P. AZT for Pregnant HIV+ Women and Their Newborns. Reappraising AIDS 1997; 5(2):1-2.
  330. COTTON P. Trial Halted After Drug Cuts Maternal HIV Transmission Rate By Two Thirds JAMA 1994; 271: 807.
  331. GRUBMAN S, GROSS E, LERNER-WEISS N, et al. Older Childern & Adolescents with Perinatally Acquried Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Pediatrics 1995; 95: 657-663.
  332. KACEW S & REASOR MJ. Toxicology and the Newborn. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1984: 291.
  333. SPERLING RS, STRATTON P, O’SULLIVAN MJ, et al. A Survey of Zidovudine Use in Pregnant Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. NEJM 1992; 326:857-861.
  334. ROGERS M & JAFFE HW. Reducing the Risk of Maternal-Infant Transmission of HIV: A Door is Opened. NEJM 1994; 331:1222-1223.
  335. BAYER R. Ethical Challenges Posed by Zidovudine Treatment to Reduce Vertical Transmission of HIV. NEJM 1994; 331: 1223-1225.
  336. GOGU SR, BECKMAN BS & AGRAWAL KC. Amelioration of Zidovudine-Induced Fetal Toxicity in Pregnant Mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36:2370-2374.
  337. TOLTZIS P, MARX CM, KLEINMAN N, et al. Ziduvudine-Associated Embryonic Toxicity in Mice. J Infect Dis 1991; 163:1212-1218.
  338. TOLTZIS P, MOURTON T & MAGNUSON T. Effect of Zidovudine on Preimplantation Murine Embryos. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37:1610-1613.
  339. FOERSTER M, MERKER H-J, STAHLMANN R, et al. In vitro Effect of Acyclovir on Lymphopoiesis in Fetal Rat Thymus. Toxicol In Vitro 1992; 6:207-217.
  340. TOLTZIS P. MOURTON T & MAGNUSON T. Comparative Embryonic Cytotoxicity of Antiretroviral Nucleosides. J Infect Dis 1994; 169:1100-1102.
  341. SANDBERG JA & SLIKKER JR W. Developmental Pharmacology and Toxicology of Anti-HIV Therapeutic Agents: Dideoxynucleosides. FASEB J 1995; 9:1157-1163.
  342. FARBER C. AZT Roulette: The Impossible Choices Facing HIV-Positive Women. Mothering 1998 Sept/Oct No. 90: 53-65.
  343. GRAY BM. Streptococcal Infections. In: EVANS AS & BRACHMAN PS. Bacterial Infections of Humans. Epidemiology and Control. 3rd Edition. New York: Plenum Medical Book Co., 1998: 673-711.
  344. GILLON R. Philosophical Medical Ethics. Chichester: John Wiley, 1985.
  345. BEAUCHAMP T and CHILDRESS J. Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 3rd edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
  346. SEEDHOUSE D. Ethics is the Key. In: Ethics: The Heart of Health Care. Second Edition. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1998: 35-46.
  347. GOSTIN LO and LAZZARINI Z. International Human Rights Law in the AIDS Pandemic. In: Human Rights and Public Health in the AIDS Pandemic. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997: 1- 42.
  348. LOVELL BANKS T. Legal Challenges: State Intervention, Reproduction, and HIV-Infected Women. In: FADEN RR and KASS NE. HIV, AIDS and Childbearing. Public Policy, Private Lives. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996: 143-177.
  349. MCGOVERN TM. Legal Issues Affecting Women with HIV. In: COTTON D and WATTS D H. The Medical Management of AIDS in Women. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997: 389-412.
  350. STINE GL. Legal Aspects of HIV/AIDS: A Review of Legislation and Court Decisions in the United States. In: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Biological, Medical, Social, and Legal Issues. Third Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1998: 544.
  351. FASSBINDER W, KUHNI P, NEUMAYER H, et al. Prevalence of Antibody Against LAV/HTLV-III 9HIV) in Patients with Terminal Renal Insuficiency with Hemodialysis and Following Renal Transplantation. Deutsche Medizinische Wechenschriff 1986; 111:1087.
  352. PETERMAN T, LANG G, MIKOS N, et al. Hemodialysis/Renal Failure. JAMA 1986; 255:2324.
  353. MONOS DS, SENIOR TS, GADSON M, et al. Delineation of False-Positive HIV Antibody Response in Patients with Renal Failure and History of Multiple Transfusions. Transfusion 1989; 29:119-123.
  354. UJHELYI E, FUST G, ILLEI G, et al. Different Types of False Positive Anti-HIV Reactions in Patients on Hemodialysis. Immunol Let 1989; 22:35-40.
  355. SCHLEUPNER CJ. Detection of HIV-1 Infection. In: MANDELL GI, DOUGLAS RG & BENNETT JE. Priciples and Practice of Infectious Disease. Third Edition. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990: 1092.
  356. BYLUND D, ZIEGNER U & HOOPER D. Review of Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Lab Med 1992; 12:305-333.
  357. JINDAL R, SOLOMON M & BORROWS L. False Positive Tests for HIV in a Women with Lupus and Renal Failure. NEJM 1993; 328:1281-1282.
  358. GEORGE JR & SCHOCHETMAN G. Detection of HIV Infection Using Serologic Techniques. In: SCHOCHETMAN G & GEORGE JR. AIDS Testing: A Comprehensive Guide to Technical, Medical, Social, Legal, and Management Issues. Second Edition. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994: 62-102.
  359. CORDES R & RYAN M. Pitfalls in HIV Testing. Postgraduate Medicine 1995; 98:177.
  360. VINCENT F, VINCENT N, RAYNAL A, et al. False-Positive p24 Antigenaemia Detected in Renal Allograft Recipients. Transplantation Proceeding 1995; 27:1738.
  361. GIRALDO RA. Everybody Reacts Positive on the ELISA Test for HIV. Continuum (London), Midwinter 1998/9; 5(5): 8-10.

Roberto A. Giraldo
www.RobertoGiraldo.com

 

Home Mail Links Articles Reports Correspondence Is it rational? [PDF] Español

 


Поделиться с друзьями:

Наброски и зарисовки растений, плодов, цветов: Освоить конструктивное построение структуры дерева через зарисовки отдельных деревьев, группы деревьев...

Семя – орган полового размножения и расселения растений: наружи у семян имеется плотный покров – кожура...

Своеобразие русской архитектуры: Основной материал – дерево – быстрота постройки, но недолговечность и необходимость деления...

Организация стока поверхностных вод: Наибольшее количество влаги на земном шаре испаряется с поверхности морей и океанов (88‰)...



© cyberpedia.su 2017-2024 - Не является автором материалов. Исключительное право сохранено за автором текста.
Если вы не хотите, чтобы данный материал был у нас на сайте, перейдите по ссылке: Нарушение авторских прав. Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!

0.031 с.