Письменно переведите следующий текст. Английский текст перепишите на левой странице тетради, русский перевод – на правой.

VHF Omni−directional Range (VOR)

 

VORs operate within the 108.0 to 117.95 MHz frequency band and have a power output necessary to provide coverage within their assigned operational service volume. They are subject to line−of−sight restrictions, and the range varies proportionally to the altitude of the receiving equipment.

Most VORs can be used for voice transmission on the VOR frequency. VORs without voice capability are indicated by the letter «W» (without voice).

The only positive method of identifying a VOR is by its Morse Code identification or by the recorded automatic voice identification which is always indicated by use of the word «VOR» following the omnirange’s name. Reliance on determining the identification of an omnirange should never be placed on listening to voice transmissions by the Flight Service Station (FSS) (or approach control facility) involved.

Many FSSs remotely operate several omniranges with different names. In some cases, none of the VORs have the name of the «parent» FSS.

The effectiveness of the VOR depends upon proper use and adjustment of both ground and airborne equipment.

2. Перепишите и переведите предложения и определите, верны ли они (напишите «true», если предложение верно, и «false» если оно неверно):

a. The altitude of the receiving equipment is a factor influencing the VOR range.

b. All VORs must have voice capability.

c. Morse Code is used in identifying a VOR.

 

3. Найдите в тексте производные от следующих слов, выпишите их, переведите на русский язык и укажите часть речи.

To cover, to transmit, to restrict, to identify, to operate, to limit

4. Напишите следующие предложения на левой странице тетради, их русский перевод − на правой. В каждом предложении подчеркните глагол- сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог.

a. In the early 1970s, Airbus considered several different options to compliment the wide-body product line.

b. Тhe advances in automated/robotic manufacturing have allowed the A340 program to achieve very high levels of aerodynamic standards.

c. Production efficiency is enhanced by the use of automation on several Airbus production lines.

d. By the beginning of the jet age, aircraft were becoming increasingly more complex.

e. Telemetry had been used for years in flight test.

 

5. Напишите следующие предложения на левой странице тетради, подчеркните в каждом из них инфинитив и определите его форму. На правой странице напишите перевод предложений. Особое внимание обратите на перевод инфинитивных оборотов.

a. This flight appears to be of great importance for the development of prolonged space flights.

b. He admits to have made a similar mistake in the publication.

c. Electrolytes, are found to change greatly when the current passes through them.

d. The electrical bell circuit is considered to be a typical example of a series circuit.

e. The probe is said to have failed due to clogging.

f. Some molecules are large enough to be seen on the electron microscope.

g. For him, however, obstacles existed only to be overcome.

 

6. Напишите следующие предложения на левой странице тетради, подчеркните в каждом из них герундий и определите его форму. На правой странице напишите перевод предложений.

a. Flight instruments are crucial to conducting safe flight operations and it is important that the pilots have a basic understanding of their operation.

b. Rotary converters and rectifiers are intended for obtaining a high voltage direct current and for converting a.c. into d.c. respectively.

c. Turning the master switch to the ON position provides electrical energy to all the electrical equipment circuits except the ignition system.

d. Upon being heated to a high temperature many metallic compounds are decomposed.

e. We called the police when we found our house having been robbed.

f. By providing numerous circuit breakers and dividing the electrical load into several different circuits, a malfunction in one system can be turned off without adversely affecting the other circuits.

g. The altimeter is the only instrument that is capable of indicating altitude.

 

7. Перепишите следующие предложения на левой странице тетради, подчеркните в них причастия. На правой странице напишите перевод предложений. Обратите внимание на правило перевода независимого причастного оборота.

a. A conductor of any kind carrying an electric current, a magnetic field is set up about that conductor.

b. The wing flaps are for improved take-off and landing, the ailerons giving lateral control.

c. All aero-engines are subjected to the same aerodynamic laws, the jet engine being no exception.

 

 

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 5 (2)

1. Письменно переведите следующий текст. Английский текст перепишите на левой странице тетради, русский перевод − на правой.

Very High Frequency (VHF) Omnidirectional Range (VOR)

 

The prefix «omni-» means all, and an omnidirectional range is a VHF radio transmitting ground station that projects straight line courses (radials) from the station in all directions.

From a top view, it can be visualized as being similar to the spokes from the hub of a wheel. The distance VOR radials are projected depends upon the power output of the transmitter.

The course or radials projected from the station are referenced to magnetic north. Therefore, a radial is defined as a line of magnetic bearing extending outward from the VOR station.

Radials are identified by numbers beginning with 001, which is 1° east of magnetic north, and progress in sequence through all the degrees of a circle until reaching 360. To aid in orientation, a compass rose reference to magnetic north is superimposed on aeronautical charts at the station location.

VOR ground stations transmit within a VHF frequency band of 108.0–117.95

MHz. Because the equipment is VHF, the signals transmitted are subject to line-of- sight restrictions.

Therefore, its range varies in direct proportion to the altitude of receiving equipment. Generally, the reception range of the signals at an altitude of 1,000 feet above ground level (AGL) is about 40 to 45 miles. This distance increases with altitude.

2. Ответьте на вопросы.

a. What is a radial?

b. Why does the range of VOR depend on the altitude of receiving equipment?

 

3. Найдите в тексте производные от следующих слов, выпишите их, переведите на русский язык и укажите часть речи.

To direct, visual, to refer, to receive, frequent, to equip

 

4. Напишите следующие предложения на левой странице тетради, их русский перевод – на правой. В каждом предложении подчеркните глагол- сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог.

a. Since 1988 24 aircraft have been built.

b. Changes were also made to the main deck to allow additional passengers to be carried.

c. Modern planes contain many miles of electrical wiring and hundreds of electrical and electronic components.

d. Air navigation came into existence alongside with air traffic.

e. Thousands of helicopters have performed many commercial and civil functions throughout the United States and worldwide.

5. Напишите следующие предложения на левой странице тетради, подчеркните в каждом из них инфинитив и определите его форму. На правой странице напишите перевод предложений. Особое внимание обратите на перевод инфинитивных оборотов.

a. Dry air and other gases seemed to offer a high resistance to the flow of electric current.

b. The phenomenon appears to be of great importance for successful completion of our research.

c. When the electrons flow in one direction only, the current is known to be d.c., that is, direct current.

d. The atom is considered to be the most basic building block of all matter.

e. The error in the design is sure to be eliminated by the engineer.

f. For him, however, obstacles existed only to be overcome.

g. We know pressure to be required for forcing water through a pipe.

 

6. Напишите следующие предложения на левой странице тетради, подчеркните в каждом из них герундий и определите его форму. На правой странице напишите перевод предложений.

a. Any altitude can be determined by measuring the pressure associated with it at a given moment.

b. One of the most valuable benefits of using the FD/autopilot is delegating the constant task of manipulating the aircraft’s controls to the equipment, which do nothing other than comply with the pilot’s programming.

c. After having been considered the case was defined as one of the most difficult.

d. Can you remember having seen the man before?

e. Equally important is knowing critical flight data such as what to do if you have electrically operated flaps or gear.

f. These lights assist the pilot in isolating the runway when it is surrounded by all other sorts of airport lighting and city lights.

g. It is well known that their conductivity of minerals and crystals increases with heating and falls with cooling.

7. Перепишите следующие предложения на левой странице тетради, подчеркните в них причастия. На правой странице напишите перевод предложений. Обратите внимание на правило перевода независимого причастного оборота.

a. All flight instruments being combined in one integrated electronic flight instrument system, a number of enhancements to conventional flight instruments are now possible.

b. The engine being equipped with a reheat system, thrust may be increased for take-off and climb.

c. The experiments having been carried out, we started new investigations.

 

 

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 5 (3)

1. Письменно переведите следующий текст. Английский текст перепишите на левой странице тетради, русский перевод − на правой.

The Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (or TCAS) is designed to reduce the incidence of mid-air collisions between aircraft. A mid-air collision is an aviation accident in which two or more aircraft come into contact during flight.

The TCAS monitors the airspace around an aircraft for other aircraft equipped with a corresponding active transponder (an electronic device that produces a response when it receives a radio-frequency interrogation), independent of air traffic control, and warns pilots of the presence of other transponder-equipped aircraft which may present a threat of mid-air collision (MAC).

In modern glass cockpit aircraft, the TCAS display may be integrated in the Navigation Display (ND).

TCAS involves communication between all aircraft equipped with an appropriate transponder (provided the transponder is enabled and set up properly). Each TCAS-equipped aircraft «interrogates» all other aircraft in a determined range about their position (via the 1030 MHz radio frequency), and all other craft reply to other interrogations (via 1090 MHz). This interrogation-and-response cycle may occur several times per second.

Through this constant back-and-forth communication, the TCAS system builds a three-dimensional map of aircraft in the airspace, incorporating their bearing, altitude and range. Then it determines if a potential collision threat exists.

2. Выпишите из текста все аббревиатуры, расшифруйте их и переведите на русский язык.