Yoy do look nice/smart in/with that Do you like it (them)?

I (do) like your … I’m glad you like it (them)

It really suits you. Do I? in reply to you (do) look

Does it?

Yes, I’m quite /rather pleased

With it (myself)

While waiting for the bus to come I heard two young women talking about clothes. They met after a holiday. This is what I heard.

Helen: Hello there!

Frieda: Oh, hello, Helen! How glad I am to see you! What lovely gloves you are wearing! What soft leather they are made of!

Helen: Do you really like them, Frieda? Do you think they match my boots and handbag?

Frieda: Yes, they are. And they go very well with your hat too. You have very good taste in clothes.

Helen: Thank you. And you’re looking very smart in that new costume.

Frieda: Do you think it suits me?

Helen: Yes, and I like the colour too. Where did you buy it?

Frieda: In Paris when I went there for holidays.

Helen: Oh, I see. You got a bargain there.

Read the dialogue, learn it and reproduce with another student / your partner.

5.1.1 Substitution Drills Practise in constructing the sentences.

a) Compliment your friend using the words from each column.

 

nice in that dress

You (do) smart with those tailored suit

look elegant sweater

attractive coat

handbag

shoes

hat

hair style

 

b) Tell your friend that the parts of her/his clothes match each other.

gloves handbag well

belt dress very well

shoes hat beautifully

Your jumper match your skirt perfectly well

tie matches suit

blouse costume

T-shirt shorts

buttons

 

5.1.2 Using the prompts in brackets compliment a friend on:

1) his tie (very smart; matches his suit perfectly);

2) her handbag (of the latest style; matches her shoes and hat perfectly well);

3) her coat (of very good cut and colour; this style is just the fashion now);

4) a new raincoat he/she is wearing (looks very nice);

5) her tailored suit (very elegant; fits her figure perfectly well).

5.1.3 Now do exercise 5.1.2 again with your partner paying the compliments to you. Respond to them with suitable replies.

5.2 Look at the following statements about clothes to wear at work and say if you agree with them or not. Discuss these statements in the group. You should have reasons for your answers.

1) The way people dress at work usually indicates how competent they are at their jobs.

2) People should be allowed to wear exactly what they want to at work.

3) Firms who want employees to wear particular clothes should pay for these clothes.

4) In most firms the way you dress will affect your chances of promotion.

5) People work best in the clothes they feel most comfortable in.

6) People wearing unusual extravagant clothes to work give a bad impression to clients.

7) As long as a person is good at his job, it shouldn’t matter what he/she wears.

8) I object to senior female staff wearing trousers.

9) Sloppy clothes mean sloppy work.

10) I wouldn’t have faith in an executive who wears jeans to work.

11) Men shouldn’t be allowed to take off their jackets at work even in the summer.

12) Bosses should always be smartly dressed.

_______________________________________________________________

New words: to indicate - показывать; particular - особый; особенный; promotion - продвижение (по службе); to object - возражать, быть против; senior - старший (по возрасту, положению); faith - вера; executive - начальник, руководитель; as long as - пока (поскольку).

 

 

Lesson FIVE

 

1 Grammar Exercises. Situations and Drills

 

1.1 Learn to use the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous Tenses in the sentences with the prepositions since and for. Practise in using these prepositions following the model.

= since Monday

Prompt: Monday

Response: since

	= for 2 weeks

Prompt: 2 weeks

Response: for

 

Prompts:

1) childhood 6) 20 years

2) 1988 7) 1945

3) 2 years 8) the year I entered

4) the beginning the Academy

of the year 9) 6 hours

5) 40 minutes 10) many years

1.1.1 Do these substitution exercises at speed. Mind the change of the verb Have.

 

Have / Has Been / Done For / Since...

Have / Has Been Doing For / Since...

 

a) I have had this book for 2 weeks.

1) this journal 6) been abroad

2) been here 7) the parents

3) for 3 days 8) they

4) for half an hour 9) been away

5) for 10 days 10) for a month

b) How long have you been here?

1) that magazine 6) your friend

2) Jane 7) been at the Academy

3) at home 8) they

4) we 9) got the same job

5) had the cottage house 10) stayed in Rostov

c) I have known Peter since childhood.

1) she 6) known each other

2) we 7) September 1996

3) lived in the country 8) they

4) 1994 9) lived in the students’ hostel

5) studied English 10) rented a room

d) Since when have you lived in the country?

1) your grandparents 6) they

2) had the house 7) in the students’ hostel

3) in the town 8) moved to the centre of the town

4) your elder brother 9) Ann

5) stayed 10) to Moscow

e) I have been studying English for a long time.

1) physics 6) he

2) waiting here 7) reading the book of detective stories

3) looking for a new job 8) we

4) 3 months 9) 5 days

5) since the end of the last year 10) preparing for the exam

1.1.2 Practise in constructing the questions of your own. Use Have / Has Been / Doing.

a) Prompt: Helen / this job

Response: How long has Helen had this job?

or

Since when has Helen had this job?

Prompts:

1) Jane / in the centre of London

2) Mr. Black / in Manchester

3) The parents / away

4) You / in this flat

5) Grandfather / a pensioner

6) Kate / German

7) Mary / at the University

8) Mrs. White / in China and Japan

b) Here the process is important.

Prompt: Jack / to music

Response: How long has Jack been listening to music?

Prompts:

1) The TV mechanic / the TV set

2) Oleg and Peter / the game of chess

3) Your grandfather / that old fashioned coat

4) Olda Petrova / in the firm

5) Grandmother / the blue pullover

6) Your brother / those articles from the English journal

7) You / these exercises

8) She / these shoes. They look shabby.

c) Read the selections given below and ask questions with ‘ How long...? ’, ‘ Since when...? ’

 

A Peter Smirnov studied at the Medical College. He didn’t like it and decided to choose a profession to his calling. Two years ago he entered the Academy of Services. He is a second-year student of the Faculty of Economics now.

 

B Mr. Johnson was a well-known doctor in Glasgo. He left the Medical Faculty of the University in 1976. In 1992 he moved to London. He is very popular with his patients here too.

 

C Mrs. Smith is a pensioner now. She retired on pension in 1993. She keeps the house and looks after her grandchildren. Besides she likes cooking and gardening.

 

D My aunt is a dress designer. She left the Technological Institute in 1980. She took part in designing clothes for the expedition to the North Pole and in many exhibitions. Her models for winter wear are always a great success.

 

1.1.3 Make sentences for these situations. Follow the models given below.

Situation 1: Peter Jones is at home now.

He returned from his work at 6 o’clock. Now it’s 8 o’clock.

Response: 1) Peter Jones has been at home for 2 hours.

2) Peter Jones has been at home since 6 o’clock.

Situation 2: Lena Ivanova studies German. She is a third-year student of the University of Foreign Languages.

Response: 1) Lena has been studying German for three years.

2) Lena has been studying German since 2000.

 

1) My younger sister went to school in 2001.

2) Jane entered the museum at 11 o’clock. It is 2 o’clock now.

3) Oleg Petrovich is a university lecturer. He teaches mathematics. He is 55 years old. He began to lecture when he was 30.

4) My friend got ill at the beginning of the month. Today is the last day of the month. He is still ill.

5) Mr. Donalli is a famous surgeon. He went into the operating theatre at 9 o’clock. It is 12 o’clock now. He is still there.

6) Oleg Lobov began to write an article at 8 o’clock. It is 12 o’clock now. He is still at his writing table.

7) Peter came to the bus stop an hour ago. He is still there waiting for a bus.

8) My friend is taking an exam in philosophy. She entered the classroom 2 hours ago. She is still there.

9) Our family moved to the Urals in 1994.

10) My father went on business trip to Finland 2 weeks ago. He hasn’t returned home yet.

11) The students are writing a grammar test. They began to write it 2 hours ago.

12) I began to make a dress for summer wear a month ago. I have finished making it this morning.

1.1.4 Practise in asking questions to the selections with ‘How long...?’ and ‘How many...?’, comparing the result of the action (quantity of things done) and the process of the action.

 

A Jane has nearly finished doing her homework. There are 5 exercises written in the exercise-book. She started working an hour ago.

 

B Sergei Smirnov is a bank manager. He has nearly finished. There are 20 documents in front of him on the table. They are looked through and signed. He began to look through and to sign these documents 2 hours ago.

 

C The watchmaker has nearly finished. It is 3 o’clock now. There are 6 different watches in front of him. He began to repair them at 8 o’clock. The clients will come soon.

 

1.1.5 Make the sentences of your own using both ‘Have / Has Done’ and ‘Have / Has Been Doing’ for these situations.

Situation: The secretary began to type letters 6 hours ago. There are 8 letters in front of her on the table. She is going to carry them to her boss for signing.

Response: The secretary has been typing letters for 6 hours.

She has typed 8 letters.

1) Kate began to learn the new words 2 hours ago. She is coming to the end of the list of 25 words.

2) The milk-bottle was full when Tom sat down at breakfast table 10 minutes ago. There were 5 cakes on the plate then. He is drinking the last of the milk and the plate is empty (no cakes on it).

3) I started my work 3 hours ago. Two articles are translated into Russian.

4) Mr. Green started 5 months ago. Two stories are written now.

5) My friends started painting the classroom at 9 o’clock. It’s 1 o’clock now. The door and three windows are painted.

6) The girl is just finishing the 6 thand the last page of her home composition. She sat down at the writing-table 4 hours ago.

7) Mother went shopping at 7 o’clock in the morning. It is 10 o’clock now. There are eggs, apples, some meat and bread on the table.

8) It is a 2-mile walk from the bus stop to Nick’s country house. He started half an hour ago and is just coming to it.

9) Mary started on page 1 of the book 4 hours ago. It is 4 hours later and she is now on page 110.

10) Mr. Jackson is an artist. He is in his studio since 8 o’clock. It is 4 o’clock in the afternoon. His pictures for the children’s book are bright and funny. Tomorrow he is going to draw pictures for the magazine.

11) The construction workers started 6 months ago. Two blocks of flats look modern and comfortable.

12) My elder sister is crazy about designing. She started at 6 o’clock in the evening and it is time to go to bed. Three sketches of tailored suits are in front of her on the table.

1.1.6 And now construct the sentences only using the prompts.

Model: 1) French all evening = She has been studying French all evening.

2) 30 new words = She has learnt 30 new words.

Prompts:

1) pupils and then students for 30 years

2) 300 pupils and 400 students

3) television all Sunday

4) 4 films and 2 football matches

5) a book all evening

6) 120 pages

7) the American physical journal all evening

8) 2 large articles

9) all his life

10) India, some African and South American countries

11) the flat all Saturday

12) the windows, the floor, the dishes in the kitchen.

1.1.7 Use Have / Has Been or Have / Has Been Doing in the dialogue below. Mind the word order in the sentences.

The Interview

Jane Parker is a dress designer. At present she works at a large clothing firm producing a range of quality men’s and ladies’ wear in South Wales, but she has applied for a job with E.Smithies LTD, children’s wear manufacturer. At the moment she’s having an interview with Mr. Barry, Personnel Manager.

Mr. Barry: Do come in, Ms Parker, I’m sorry to have kept you waiting but I was busy. You (wait) long?

Jane: Not too long, and I (look) through the material which your secretary handed me.

Mr. Barry: Oh, that’s all right then. And the secretary already (show) you around our design office?

Jane: No, not yet.

Mr. Barry: Well, that can be arranged later. Do sit down. Now tell me, how long you (work) for your present firm?

Jane: Oh, let me see, almost six years now.

Mr. Barry: You ever (work) at a firm producing children’s coats, jackets, dresses and coordinates?

Jane: No, not directly. You’ll find the details in my application?

Mr.Barry: Yes, of course. And how long you (work) as a garment

designer altogether?

Jane: For about five years.

Mr. Barry: Fine! So you (have) a lot of experience in the field already. Now tell me, you ever (travel) abroad for your present firm?

Jane: No, mainly inside Great Britain.

Mr. Barry: Perhaps you (bring along) some sketches of children’s

garments?

Jane: Yes, here are some ideas from the collection I (work on) for the past four months.

(half an hour later).

Mr. Barry: Well, Ms Parker. We (have) a good talk and you (give) me a full picture of your experience and ability. You’ll be hearing from us within a week or so.

1.2 Analyse the situations in which the Present Perfect and the Past Indefinite Tenses are used. Ask the questions given below.

Have you ever...?

When did you...?

Illustrative situations:

a) Leo Hart is an economist. He is trying to get a job. He is usually asked questions like these:

“Have you ever done this sort of work before? “

“Where did you work last?

“How long did you work there?” (This question means that the person does not work there any longer).

“How long have you been out of work?” (means that the person is still jobless).

1) What is Leo trying to do?

2) Ask the same questions he is usually asked.

(a) this sort of work before?

(b) last?

(c) how long / there?

(d) out of work?

b) Anna tries to visit all fashion shows in the city. But sometimes she has much work to do and stays at home or goes on business trips. She asks her friends a lot of questions instead. She is talking to one of her friends now. Here are her questions:

“Have you seen V. Yudashkin’s last collection?”

The answer is: “ Yes, I have”. Then Anna asks different questions like these: “When did you see it? Where did you see it? What did you think of it? Was it really interesting?”

1.2.1 Study the prompt and the model conversation that results from it. Then make conversations of your own on the same model.

Prompt: to Moscow

A: Have you ever been to Moscow?

B: Yes, I have.

A: When were you there?

B: Last winter.

A: What did you think of it?

B: It was beautiful. Better than I thought of it.

or It impressed me greatly.

1) English food

2) the last fashion show on TV

3) Ryazanov’s films

4) to Petersburg / to Kiev

5) to the art exhibition

6) the fashion magazine “Burda Modern” (the last issue)

7) Moscow Kremlin

8) books by W.Saroyan / S.Maugham

1.3 Practise in translating the sentences with the emphatic construction

It is / was... that / who (подлеж.) does / did smth

Именно

Только... делает / сделал что-либо

Еще

 

1) It was the French language that influenced the English one in the 11th- 14thcenturies.

2) It is clothing that goes out of fashion every 6-8 years.

3) It is a technologist who organizes and controls the technological process at a sewing factory.

4) It is chemistry that has greatly changed the world of fabrics.

5) It is you who can decide on your career.

6) It is the famous tailored suit that always looks elegant and up-to-date.

7) It is clothing that has become yet another means of communication for people, especially at the present time.

8) It was the 18thcentury that brought the rapid growth of the population of London.

9) It was the first decade of the 20th century that brought great changes in town life of England.

10) It was in 1961 that the first cosmic flight became possible.

1.4 Read and translate the sentences. Mind the use of the degrees of comparison of the adjectives. Formulate the rules.

1) Fashionable clothes are usually more popular with the young people than with the older ones.

2) The clothes designed by avant garde artists are the most extravagant.

3) Can we say that the new jobs are more attractive than the traditional trades and professions?

4) When you are good to others, you are best to yourself.

5) Located in the greatest metalworking area, Birmingham is one of the largest industrial centres of the world and the second largest city in Great Britain.

6) The more you live, the more you see, the more you see, the more you know.

7) The work of designer is more creative than the work of technologist.

8) One should read the classics in winter, because then one’s mind is more concentrated; read history in summer, because one has more time....

9) It is from Shakespeare’s works that we get the clearest picture of Elizabethan times.

10) The youngest daughter got up at 4 o’clock every morning, cleaned the house and got breakfast ready for her father and three brothers. The work improved her health and made her even more beautiful than she had been before.

1.4.1 Complete the sentences with the necessary words in the brackets.

1) The job of construction worker is (more creative, less creative) than the job of architect.

2) In the 19thcentury the skirts were (longer, shorter) than today.

3) The garments from the collection of the famous designer are (more expensive, less expensive) than the garments sold in the shops and markets.

4) The grandfather is the (youngest, oldest) of the family.

5) The girl eats very little and becomes (thinner, fatter) and (weaker, stronger).

6) The train is (faster, slower) than the plane.

7) The flats in the centre of the old cities are (more comfortable, less comfortable) than the flats in the new blocks of flats or houses.

8) Rich people usually dress (better, worse) than poor people.

9) I don’t know any apple that has a (worse, better) taste than a good English one, and no other cup of tea ever tastes as (good, bad) as tea that is made in England.

1.4.2 Think of the sentences of your own with the following adjectives in the comparative or superlative degree (в сpавнительной или пpевосходной степени).

Wonderful, important, ridiculous, large, little, helpless, difficult, old, bright, warm, long, interesting.

 

2 Word-Building

 

2.1 Form adjectives or verbs by adding prefixes with negative meaning. Consult the dictionary:

un-, in-, dis-, non-

comfortable – удобный un confortable – неудобный

happy – счастливый un happy – несчастливый

to dress – одеваться to un dress – раздеваться

 

in -

direct – прямой in direct – косвенный

complete – полный in complete – неполный

 

dis - этот префикс может выражать как отрицание, так и противоположное действие:

а) отрицание

to like – любить to dis like – не любить

б) противоположное действие

to appear – появляться to dis appear – исчезать

 

re – with the meaning снова, заново, вновь

to build – строить to re build – перестраивать

to write – писать to re write – переписывать

 

over – with the meaning сверх, чрезмерно

under – недо

to pay – платить to over pay – переплачивать

production – производство under production – недостаточное

производство

 

en – имеет часто значение делать:

large – большой to en large – увеличивать

rich – богатый to en rich – обогащать

 

2.1.1 Translate word combinations:

a) to modern ize machines; to harmon ize with other components, to sympath ize with sick people

b) to short en a sleeve; to wid en the road; to redd en the cheeks; to whit en the walls; to light en the weight of a jacket

c) an un comfortable chair; over production of cars; re construction of a factory; a dis honest man; an in complete winter wordrobe

 

2.1.2 Rearrange the words according to the parts of speech. Underline suffixes and prefixes

Adjectives | Nouns | Verbs

 

Classify, classification, unhappy, successful, illness, cloudless, importance, dishourable, broaden, ensure, creativity, readable, yellowish, impolite, fibrous, cutter, director, Bulgarian, musician, transmission, leadership, dislike, management, competitive, educator, reproduction, revolutionize

 

3 Vocabulary to Texts A, B. Lexical Exercises

 

 

Nouns and Noun Combinations

 

a way of … – способ

acceptance – принятие

artificial leather – искусственная кожа

attitude – отношение

bell-bottomed trousers (flares) – брюки клеш

claim – требование

cut of a suit – покрой костюма

distance – дистанция

diversity – разнообразие, многообразие

dominance – господство, преобладание

down-filled jacket – пуховик (куртка с пуховым

наполнителем)

ensemble / set – ансамбль, комплект

field jacket – мундир, китель

fur substitutes – заменители меха

golden button – золотая пуговица (цвет золота)

level – уровень

means – средства

message of rebellion – послание (сообщение) о бунте

outsider – посторонний (человек), не принадлежащий к

данному кругу

owner – владелец

rejection – отрицание

relation – связь, отношение

riding-breeches – бриджи для верховой езды

scarf – шарф, галстук

self-confidence – уверенность в себе

self-expression – самовыражение

sense of life – смысл жизни

sheep skin coat – дубленка

state of mind – состояние ума

 

Verbs

 

aspire – стремиться

deliver a message – вручить (донести) послание

give rise to – давать начало, порождать

have a bearing on – иметь отношение к

measure – определять, оценивать

mirror – отражать, отображать

prosper – преуспевать

put on – надевать

re-discover – открывать заново

reveal – показывать

rule out – исключать

tell apart – различать

try on – примерять, пробовать