Абсолютный причастный оборот

(The Absolute Participle Construction)

 

1. An object losing its potential energy, that energy is turned into kinetic energy. – Когда предмет теряет потенциальную энергию, эта энергия превращается в кинетическую. 2.There are different sources of energy, the sun being an unlimited source of all forms of energy. – Существуют различные источники энергии, причем солнце – безграничный источник всех форм энергии.

 

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.

1. The sun having set an hour before, it was getting darker.

2. Electrons moving through a wire, electrical energy is generated.

3. The cathode heated, the electrons leave the surface and move to the anode.

4. She hurried along, her heels crunching in the packed snow.

5. He sat on the steps, with his arms crossed upon his knees.

6. Our work having been finished, we went home.

7. The underground station being not far, we walked there.

8. Our efforts to start a car having failed, we spent a night in a nearby village.

9. Substances strongly resisting the flow of current, we call them insulators.

 

Упражнение 2. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя независимый причастный оборот.

1. As the storm was arising, the ship entered the harbor.

2. She stood silent and her lips were pressed together.

3. The electrons move with varying velocity and their velocity depends on the temperature and nature of the materials.

4. As the treaty had been signed, trade was at once resumed.

5. As the wind was stirring among the trees and bushes we could hear nothing.

6. In the case electricity passes through a tree or a house we say that they are struck by lightning.

7. When the dinner was over we all gathered in the sitting room.

8. Thoughtful, he finished his meal, his eyes were all the time fixed upon the microscope.

9. As it was very warm children were sleeping in the open air.

 

Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения с русского на английский, употребляя все известные вам формы причастия.

1. Так как было очень поздно, аптека была закрыта.

2. Если погода будет хорошей, спортсмены покажут хорошие результаты.

3. Приехав на станцию, мы купили билеты.

4. Прожив много лет в этих краях, он легко нашел дом, который ему был нужен.

5. Ожидая в приемной, он обдумывал все вопросы, которые он хотел обсудить с боссом.

6. Сидя в уютном кресле, я продолжал думать о своих друзьях.

7. Будучи популярным певцом, он объездил с гастролями всю страну.

8. Доктор тщательно обследовал его сломанную ногу.

9. Не так давно она, наконец, нашла хорошо-оплачиваемую работу.

10. После того как собаку накормили, она уже не выглядела такой несчастной.

 

ПРОВЕРЬ СЕБЯ

(TEST YOURSELF)

 

1. The professor told the students about the experiments carrying/being carried/having carried/carries out in the laboratory

2. The equipment are loaded/be loaded/having been loaded/have loaded, the workers went straight home.

3. Driving /driven/having driven/being driven a car at night he saw a car accident.

4. She showed us a list of the newly publishing/published /had published/are publish ing journals and magazines.

5. The sun having risen/having been risen/risen/is risen they continued the way.

6. (Having been advised, advises, was advised, having advised) by the doctor to go to the south she decided to spend summer in Turkey.

7. My brother finished his work, his friend helps/has helped/being helped/having helped him.

8. The work having been finished/having finished/finishing/is finished, the student went home.

9. The teacher praised her well-preparing/well-prepared/well-prepare/well-being prepared report.

10. Having finished/finished/being finished/finishing her work the girl went for a walk.

11. Kerosene is the fuel using/used /having used/having been used in the jet engines.

12. The talks between the two countries were conducted behind the closed doors, measures having been taken/having taken/taking/took that no correspondent should receive any information.

13. Having been taught/teaching/ being teaching/having taught by a good teacher he knew German well.

14. Refused/refuse/had refused/having refused to unload foreign ships the dockers lost their jobs.

15. Having brought /bringing/brought/being brought the dictionaries from the library, the students began to translate the article.

16. The students were translating the article, the teacher watching /being watched/have watched/having been watched them doing it.

17. Reading/having been read/ have read/ read an interesting book he forgot he it was time he went for a walk.

18. Being treated/treating/having treated/ treated kindly by a new family an adopted child gradually calmed down and felt at home.

19. He decided to give up this bad-paid/badly-paid/ badly-paying/badly-pay job.

20. Thinking/being thought/thought/having been thought about all these events he understood that he was not right.

 

UNIT 10

Герундий и его формы

(The gerund and its forms)

	Active	Passive
Indefinite	using	being used
Perfect	having used	having been used

 

-Indefinite Gerund Active and Passive используются для выражения действия, одновременного с действием, выраженным сказуемым:

- Introducing new techniques can greatly increase labour productivity.

-Perfect Gerund Active and Passive обычно употребляются для обозначения действия, которое предшествует действию, выраженному в предложении сказуемым.

- He admitted having stolen the money.

Следующие глаголы употребляются с герундием:

stop enjoy fancy admit consider miss finish mind imagine deny involve postpone delay suggest regret avoid practice risk

 

- I don’t fancy eating out tonight.

- Have you ever considered moving to another country?

- I don’t mind being told what to do.

Приведенные ниже структуры требуют после себя герундия:

 

give up (=stop) put off (= postpone) keep or keep on (= do something continuously or repeatedly) go on (= continue) carry on (= continue)

 

- She kept (on) interrupting me while I was speaking.

- When are you going to give up smoking?

В отличие от отглагольного существительного, за герундием часто идет прямое дополнение.

Запомните следующие выражения, требующие после себя герундия с определенными предлогами:

accuse of apologize for approve of congratulate on dream of feel like insist on

look forward to object to prevent from succeed in suspect of thank for think of

На русский язык герундий переводится существительным, инфинитивом, деепричастием и глаголом в личной форме, если перед ним притяжательное местоимение или существительное в притяжательном падеже (-‘s):

- The expansion of production largely depends on their investing a dequate sum of money in this business.

- I thanked her for being so helpful.

Gerund	Participle I
Cooking is my hobby. It’s no use tryingto persuade him. I’m thinking of leaving this job. I remember locking the door.	She is cooking at the moment. Here you can see many students readingsomething. Watching TV, he fell asleep.

 

Герундиальные обороты

(Gerundial Constructions)

N + V1 + prep. + N /Pron. poss. + Ger.

- Do you mind my asking?

- He complained of my walking too slowly.

- They insisted on the son’s returning soon.

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите форму герундия.

1. I don’t mind being told what to do.

2. Tom suggested going to the cinema.

3. Sorry for not having written so long.

4. I don’t fancy going out this evening.

5. He finally admitted having stolen the money.

6. He climbed over the wall without being seen.

7. Does your job involve meeting a lot of people?

8. Mr. Miller hates being kept waiting.

9. They now regret having got married.

10. I considered taking the job but in the end I decided against it.

 

Упражнение 2. Составьте предложения, используя глаголы из таблицы в правильной форме. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

splash study buy interrupt try be go write smoke close

 

1. I don’t enjoy ______letters.

2. Are you going to give up _____?

3. They had to postpone ______ away because their son was ill.

4. Would you mind _______ the door?

5. If you use the shower, try and avoid ______ water on the floor.

6. She thanked me for _______so helpful.

7. I don’t feel like ________today.

8. Are you thinking of__________ a house?

9. Jack gave up _________to find a job in Britain and decided to emigrate.

10. Forgive me _________ you but I must ask you a question.

Упражнение 3. Определите в каких предложениях –ing форма является герундием, отглагольным существительным или причастием I. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The using of this method gave really good results.

2. He calculated the company’s income, using a new computer programme.

3. Investing money in high technologies increases production efficiency.

4. We are changing the plan as our boss suggested.

5. Producers using inadequate methods in marketing research can’t obtain high profits.

6. We started producing this new equipment last month.

7. They have much experience in forecasting consumer needs.

8. She ran five miles without stopping.

9. The driving wheel of the machine is broken.

10. I enjoy dancing a lot.

11. Do you know the girl talking to Tom?

12. I was woken by a bell ringing.

13. I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden.

14. The road joining the two villages is very narrow.

15. She was sitting in an armchair reading a book.

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Мы с нетерпением ждем, когда он снова приедет в Россию.

2. Он вышел из комнаты, ни с кем не попрощавшись.

3. Она настаивала на том, чтобы позвонить в полицию.

4. Вы не возражаете, если я открою окно?

5. Он бросил играть в шахматы.

6. Родители возражают против того, что он так часто ходит в клуб.

7. Шум за окном мешал ей заснуть.

8. Если ты будешь продолжать задавать глупые вопросы, я тебе вообще ничего не расскажу.

 

ПРОВЕРЬ СЕБЯ

(TEST YOURSELF)

 

Определите правильный вариант –ing формы:

1. There are different ways of producing/being produced/having produced /having been produced electric current.

2. The child is being looked for/is looking for/having looked for/ had been looked for by his granny.

3. Next Monday we were working/will be working/ have been working/ working only five hours.

4. We know of his starting/having been started/ was starting/ being started some laboratory experiments.

5. We have been speaking /had been speaking/ speaking/ being spoken about the peaceful use of the atomic energy.

6. Having been/ of being/being/ is being a source of heat and electrical energy, atomic energy can also serve us in medicine.

7. He accused her of stealing/having been stolen/having stole/being stolen the money.

8. She entered the room without noticing/being noticed/ was noticing/ having being noticed me.

9. Long time ago people noticed the attracting/having attracted/having been attracted/being attracted ability of the magnet.

10. We heard of the experiment having been made/having made/was being made /making last week.

11. Working/being worked/as working/on working at the new device, the inventor carried out an important research.

12. The students went on being studied/studying/having studied/having been studied the properties of that new substance.

13. The new engine is being tested/was being tested/being tested/testing in the laboratory now.

14. There are a lot of advantages of having had/having have/have having/having a car.

15. The singing/singing/having sung/the having sung of this wonderful folk group impressed me greatly.

16. Your hair needs being cut/cutting/the cutting/the having cut.

17. Are you dressed for having gone out/going out/the going out/being gone out?

18. The building/having built/building/having been built of this house will cost much money.

19. Growing/the growing/ having grown/being grown this exotic fruit takes a lot of care.

20. I don’t mind being asked/asking/the asking/ask to help people.

 

APPENDIXES

Appendix 1

Неправильные глаголы:

№	infinitive	past	past participle	перевод
	arise	arose	arisen	подниматься, появляться
	awake	awoke	awoken	просыпаться
	be	was/were	been	быть
	bear	bore	borne	нести
	beat	beat	beaten	бить, побеждать
	become	became	become	становиться
	begin	began	begun	начинать(ся)
	bend	bent	bent	гнуть, изгибать
	bet	bet	bet	держать пари
	bind	bound	bound	привязывать, связывать
	bite	bit	bitten	кусать
	bleed	bled	bled	кровоточить
	blow	blew	blown	дуть, выдыхать
	break	broke	broken	ломать
	bring	brought	brought	приносить
	broadcast	broadcast	broadcast	транслировать в эфире
	build	built	built	строить
	burn	burnt	burnt	гореть, сжигать
	burst	burst	burst	взрываться
	buy	bought	bought	покупать
	cast	cast	cast	бросать, кидать
	catch	caught	caught	ловить
	choose	chose	chosen	выбирать
	cling	clung	clung	цепляться, прилипать
	come	came	come	приходить
	cost	cost	cost	стоить, иметь цену
	creep	crept	crept	ползать, пресмыкаться
	cut	cut	cut	резать
	deal	dealt	dealt	иметь дела
	dig	dug	dug	копать
	dive	dived	dived	нырять
	do	did	done	делать
	draw	drew	drawn	рисовать
	dream	dreamt	dreamt	мечтать, видеть сон
	drink	drank	drunk	пить
	drive	drove	driven	водить
	dwell	dwelt	dwelt	жить, обитать
	eat	ate	eaten	есть
	fall	fell	fallen	падать
	feed	fed	fed	кормить
	feel	felt	felt	чувствовать
	fight	fought	fought	бороться
	find	found	found	находить
	fit	fit	fit	подгонять по размеру
	flee	fled	fled	убегать, спасаться
	fling	flung	flung	бросаться, ринуться
	fly	flew	flown	летать
	forbid	forbade	forbidden	запрещать
	forecast	forecast	forecast	прогнозировать
	forget	forgot	forgotten	забывать
	forgive	forgave	forgiven	прощать
	freeze	froze	frozen	замораживать
	get	got	got	получать, становиться
	give	gave	given	давать
	go	went	gone	идти
	grow	grew	grown	расти
	hang1	hung	hung	вешать
	have	had	had	иметь
	hear	heard	heard	слышать
	hide	hid	hidden	прятать
	hit	hit	hit	ударять(ся), попадать в цель
	hold	held	held	держать, удерживать
	hurt	hurt	hurt	причинять боль
	keep	kept	kept	хранить
	kneel	knelt	knelt	преклонять колени
	knit	knit	knit	вязать
	know	knew	known	знать
	lay	laid	laid	лежать
	lead	led	led	возглавлять, вести за собой
	lean	leant	leant	наклоняться, высовываться
	leap	leapt	leapt	прыгать, скакать
	learn	learnt	learnt	учить
	leave	left	left	покидать
	lend	lent	lent	одалживать
	let	let	let	позволять
	lie	lay	lain	лежать
	light	lit	lit	освещаться, загораться
	lose	lost	lost	терять
	make	made	made	делать
	mean	meant	meant	значить
	meet	met	met	встречать
	mow	mowed	mown	косить
	pay	paid	paid	платить
	prove	proved	proven	доказывать
	put	put	put	класть
	quit	quit	quit	покидать
	read	read5	read5	читать
	ride	rode	ridden	ехать верхом
	ring	rang	rung	звонить
	rise	rose	risen	подниматься
	run	ran	run	бежать
	saw	sawed	sawn	пилить
	say	said	said	сказать
	see	saw	seen	видеть
	seek	sought	sought	искать
	sell	sold	sold	продавать
	send	sent	sent	посылать
	set	set	set	устанавливать
	sew	sewed	sewn	шить
	shake	shook	shaken	трясти
	shear	sheared	shorn	стричь, срезать
	shed	shed	shed	терять, избавляться
	shine	shone	shone	светить, сверкать
	shoot	shot	shot	стрелять
	show	showed	shown	показывать
	shrink	shrank	shrunk	сокращаться, сжиматься
	shut	shut	shut	закрываться, запираться
	sing	sang	sung	петь
	sink	sank	sunk	опускаться, погружаться
	sit	sat	sat	сидеть
	sleep	slept	slept	спать
	slide	slid	slid	скользить
	sling	slung	slung	швырять, метать
	smell	smelt	smelt	пахнуть
	sow	sowed	sown	сеять, засеивать
	speak	spoke	spoken	говорить
	speed	sped	sped	двигаться быстро
	spell	spelt	spelt	писать/читать по буквам
	spend	spent	spent	тратить
	spill	spilt	spilt	проливать
	spin	spun	spun/span	вращаться, прясть
	spit	spat	spat	плевать, брызгать
	split	split	split	расщеплять, разделять
	spoil	spoilt	spoilt	портить, баловать
	spread	spread	spread	распространять
	spring	sprang	sprung	вскакивать
	stand	stood	stood	стоять
	steal	stole	stolen	красть
	stick	stuck	stuck	укалывать
	sting	stung	stung	жалить
	stink	stank	stunk	вонять
	strike	struck	struck	бить, ударять
	strive	strove	striven	стараться, бороться
	swear	swore	sworn	ругаться, клясться
	sweep	swept	swept	сметать, мести
	swell3	swelled	swept	разбухать, увеличиваться
	swim	swam	swum	плавать
	swing	swung	swung	качаться
	take	took	taken	брать
	teach	taught	taught	учить
	tear	tore	torn	рвать
	tell	told	told	сказать
	think	thought	thought	думать
	throw	threw	thrown	бросить
	thrust	thrust	thrust	пронзить, пропихивать
	tread	trod	trodden	ступать, топтать
	understand	understood	understood	понимать
	wake	woke	woken	просыпаться, будить
	wear	wore	worn	носить одежду
	weave	wove	woven	ткать
	weep	wept	wept	плакать, рыдать
	wet	wet	wet	мочить, смачивать
	win	won	won	побеждать
	wind	wound	wound	наматывать, накручивать
	wring	wrung	wrung	выкручивать, выламывать
	write	wrote	written	писать

 

 

Appendix 2

Сложное подлежащее

I. S + be V-ed + to V

1. say, report, inform

2. see, hear, feel, watch, notice

3. know, think, believe, consider, find, mean, suppose, understand

4. make

 

II. S + V + to V

seem, appear, prove, turn out, happen

 

III. S + be + adj. + toV

be likely, be unlikely, be sure, be certain

Cложное дополнение

I. S + P + smb/smth + V, V-ing, V-ed

see, observe, notice, hear, smell, watch, look, feel, listen

 

II. S + P + smb/smth + toV, V-ed

want, like, wish, dislike, prefer, would like, desire, intend, love, hate

 

III. S + P + smb/smth + toV, V-ed

know, find, think, guess, consider, expect, believe, rely, suppose, understand

 

IV. S + P + smb. + toV

order, command, allow, tell, ask, beg

 

V. S + P + V-ing

keep, leave, set

 

VI. S + P + smb/smth + V-ing, V-ed

have, get

 

VII. S + P + smb + V

make, let

Appendix 3

Герундий и инфинитив

1. Глагол + Герундий.

stop, finish, delay, go on, put off, keep, give up, enjoy, mind, suggest, dislike, imagine, regret, admit, deny, avoid, consider, involve, practice, miss, postpone.

После слов deny, suggest, regret, admit может употребляться не герундий, а придаточное предложение с союзом "что".

He suggested that we should run away.
Он предложил бежать.

2. Глагол + инфинитив.

agree, refuse, promise, threaten, offer, attempt, manage, fail, decide, plan, arrange, hope, appear, seem, pretend, afford, forget, learn, dare, tend, need, mean

После слов ask, decide, know, remember, forget, explain, understand перед инфинитивом могут следовать вопросительные местоимения "что", "куда", "как" и др.

I asked him how to get to the station.
Я спросил его, как добраться до станции.