Exercise 2. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.

1. This man is an engineer. 2. That woman is my sister. 3. This child is my son, 4. That goose is big. 5. This mouse is white. 6. This man is a doc­tor. 7. That woman is my cousin. She is a teacher 8. That girl is my niece. She is a pupil. 9. This girl has a blue sweater. 10. This boy has a good coat. 11. My uncle has a large flat. 12. There is a table in the room. 13. I have a good pen. My pen is in my pocket. 14. There is a flower in the vase. 15. This child's foot is sore.

Тема 9

Christmas Day

Лексический блок

 

For most British families, this is the most important festival of the year. This is the day when many people are travelling home to be with their families on Christmas Day. If you try to catch a train on 24th December you may have difficulty in finding a seat.

There are a lot of traditions connected with Christmas but the most important one is the giving of presents. Family members wrap up their gifts and leave them at the bottom of the Christmas tree to be "bound on Christmas morning.

At some time on Christmas Day the family will sit down to a big turkey dinner followed by Christmas pudding.

In the afternoon they may watch the Queen on the television as she delivers her traditional Christmas message to the United Kingdom and Commonwealth. Then they enjoy a piece of Christmas cake or eat a hot mince pie.

On the Sunday before Christmas many churches hold a service where special hymns are sung. Sometimes singers can be heard on the streets as they collect money for charity.

Most families decorate their houses with brightly-coloured paper or holly, and they usually have a Christmas tree in the corner of the room, glittering with coloured lights and decoration. 26th December is also a public holiday, called Boxing Day. This is the time to visit friends and relatives or be a spectator at one of the many sporting events.

Everyone in Great Britain is waiting and enjoying this holiday very much!

 

Questions:

1. What is the most important festival in Great Britain?
2. Is it difficult to catch a train on 24th December?
3. Are there many traditions connected with Christmas in Great Britain?
4. What do the family do during this holiday?
5. Do you like the way Christmas is celebrated in Great Britain?

Vocabulary:
to wrap up — заворачивать, упаковывать
gift — подарок
turkey — индюшка
charity — милосердие

Грамматический блок

Глагол «to be». Глагол «to have»

Мы существуем, что-то имеем и всегда что-нибудь делаем. Я сплю, – это тоже действие! Соответственно глаголы быть, иметь, делать - это три кита любого языка. В английском языке эти глаголы спрягаются нестандартно, поэтому их надо запомнить в первую очередь.

Спряжение глагола to be – быть в настоящем времени:

I am – я есть

you are – ты / вы есть

he/she/it is – он/она/оно есть

we are – мы есть

they are – они есть

Спряжение глагола to have – иметь в настоящем времени:

I have – я имею

you have – ты имеешь, вы имеете

he/she/it has – он/она/оно имеет

we have – мы имеем

they have – они имеют

Exercise 1. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.

1. I... a pupil. 2. My father... not a teacher, he... a scientist. 3.... your aunt a doctor? - Yes, she.... 4.... they at home? - - No, they... not at borne, they... at work. 5. My brother... a worker. He... at work. 6.... you an engineer? - - Yes, I.... 7.... your sister a photographer? No, she... not a photographer, she... a student. 8.... your brother at school? - - Yes, he.... 9.... your sister at school? - No, she... not at school. 10. My... sister... at home. 11.... this your watch? • Yes, it.... 12. She... an actress. 13. This... my bag. 14. My uncle... an office-worker. 15. He... at work. 16. Helen... a painter. She has some fine pictures. They... on the walls. She has much paper. It... on the shelf. The shelf... brown. It... on the wall. Helen has a brother. He... a student. He has a family. His family... not in St. Petersburg, it... in New York.

Exercise2. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to be в Present Simple

1. Я ученик. Я в школе.

____________________________________________________________

2. Мой брат худож­ник. Он не инженер.

____________________________________________________________

3. Моя сестра на работе. Она врач.

____________________________________________________________

4. Он студент.

____________________________________________________________

5. Вы студент? — Нет, я врач.

____________________________________________________________

6. Моя сестра дома.

____________________________________________________________

7. Мы не в школе. Мы дома.

____________________________________________________________

8. Мой брат ученик. Он в школе.

___________________________________________________________

9. Ваша мама дома? - Нет, она на работе.

____________________________________________________________

10. Ваш двоюрод­ный брат дома? - Нет, он в школе. Он ученик.

___________________________________________________________

11. Ваша сестра учительница? - Нет, она сту­дентка.

____________________________________________________________

12. Твой папа на работе? — Нет, он дома.

____________________________________________________________

13. Твоя сестра дизайнер? — Да, — Она дома? - Нет, она на работе.

____________________________________________________________

14. Мой дедушка ученый.

____________________________________________________________

15. Моя мама не учительница. Она врач.

____________________________________________________________

Тема 10

My favorite holiday

Лексический блок

One of my favourite holiday is Maslenitza. Maslenitza is one of the most favourite holidays in our country. It lasts from Monday till Sunday.

It comes either at the end of February or at the beginning of March, this is so-called movable festival. In 2002, Maslenitza took place in March (from 3d up to 9th).

This holiday means the end of winter and the spring coming. It has pagan origin. During this holiday people visit each other, children play snowballs, light bonfires, enjoy horse-sledging.

During these days people should avoid eating any kind of meat, but they are to eat much butter, cheese, sour cream, lots of pancakes.

Lent follows Maslenitza, it is the strictest and long holiday, it lasts 7 weeks. During these weeks people avoid eating fat meals, meat and there are few entertainments. People must work hard, pray and clean their soul.

Questions:

1. What is Maslenitza?
2 How long does it last?
3. What does this festival mean?
4. What do people do during this holiday?

Vocabulary:
Maslenitza — Масленица
to last — длиться
so-called movable festival — так называемый праздник непостоянной даты
to mean (past meant, p.p. meant) — значить, означать
pagan origin — языческое происхождение
to play snowballs — играть в снежки
to light — жечь, поджигать
bonfire — костер
to enjoy horse-sledging — кататься на санях, запряженных лошадьми
to avoid — избегать
sour cream — сметана
pancakes — блины
Lent — Великий пост
to follow — следовать
entertainments — развлечения
to pray — молиться

Грамматический блок

Глаголы. Правильные глаголы

Английские глаголы бывают правильными и неправильными.

Правильные глаголы имеют всего 3(!) формы:

1. Основная (словарная, она же инфинитив) – love - любить

2. Причастие I - loving – любящий(-ая/-ее)

3. Прошедшее время (и причастие II) - loved - любил(-а/-о); любимый (-ая, -ое) Причастие II у правильных глаголов, совпадает с формой прошедшего времени.

Будущее время образуется еще проще, - с помощью вспомогательного глагола "will", при этом сам глагол не изменяется вообще!

Примеры:

1. Настоящее время: change – изменять(ся)

2. Причастие I (настоящего времени): changing – изменяя(сь), изменяющий(ся)

3. Прошедшее время и причастие II (прошедшего времени): changed – изменил(-ся) (-ась) (-ось), изменив, изменившийся

4. Будущее время: will change – изменится, будет изменяться

Запомните, что в третьем лице единственного числа все английские глаголы получают суффикс -s (-es):

divide - разделять; he (she) divides – он (она) разделяет. Суффикс -es обычно добавляют для благозвучия в словах оканчивающихся на -s, -sh, -x и некоторых других:

he (she) fixes – он (она) чинит.

Для того, чтобы в предложении показать, что глагол используется в неопределенной форме к нему добавляется частица "to". I have to go. – Мне надо (что делать?) идти.

Exercise1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Present Simple.

1. My sister (to get) up at eight o'clock. 2. She (to be) a school-girl. She (to go) to school in the afternoon. 3. Jane (to be) fond of sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. 4. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. 5. After breakfast she (to go) to school. 6. It (to take) him two hours to do his homework. 7. She (to speak) French well. 8, My working day (to begin) at seven o'clock. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes, At half past seven we (to have) breakfast. My fa­ther and I (to leave) home at eight o'clock. He (to take) a bus to his office. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine o'clock. In the evening we (to gather) in the living-room. We (to watch) TV and (to talk).

Тема 11

My summer holidays

Лексический блок

After each term in school we have our holidays. It's fun to have holidays, you can do whatever you like, you don't have to get up too early, do your homework or think of troubles which occur very often at school.

Most of all I liked summer holidays, they were the longest ones, though, when winter was snowy and and frosty, I enjoyed my winter holidays skating and skiing, sledging and making a snowman or having a fight with snowballs.

I'd like to tell you about my summer holidays I spent in Sochi. It was just three years ago. My parents and me were sitting in the living-room discussing our plans for the summer holidays. My father suggested that we should go to Sochi. On hearing that I jumped up with joy and said it was a wonderful idea. My mother wasn't against the idea either. So one summer morning we started for our journey to Sochi.

First, we travelled to Odessa by plane and from there we got to Sochi by boat. We stayed in Odessa for three days, our relatives live there and they gave us board and lodging. So we had an excellent opportunity to go round the city, to see beautiful monuments to the famous people who had lived in Odessa, museums and the Odessa Opera House.

We enjoyed our trip from Odessa to Sochi. The Black Sea was calm. We sat on deck in the lounge chairs and looked at the sea. I like Sochi very much, we bathed and went boating and swimming, lay in the sun on the beach. In the evenings we went for a walk or dropped in at a cafe to have ice-cream or juice.

My father showed us the famous Botanical Gardens, we went for hikes in the mountains, we saw the magnificent Augura Waterfalls. The sea was nice and warm. The weather was fine. When it was time to go home, we were sorry to leave the marvellous town of Sochi.

Questions:

1. Why is it fun to have holidays?

2. What holidays did you like most of all?

3. Did you like winter holidays?

4. Have you ever been to Sochi? When were you there?

5. What did your father suggest?

6. When did you start for your journey to Sochi?

7. Where did you travel by plane?

8. How many days did you stay in Odessa?

9. Where did you live there?

10. What did you do in Odessa?

11. Did you enjoy your trip to Sochi?

12. What did you do in the evenings?

13. Why were you sorry to leave Sochi?

Vocabulary:

term - четверть

it's fun - весело, забавно, интересно

to occur - случаться

to enjoy - получать удовольствие

snowballs - снежки

to discuss - обсуждать

to suggest- предлагать

to start for some place - отправляться, пускаться в путь

journey - путешествие

to stay - жить, быть где-то

to give smb. board and lodging - приютить кого-либо

an excellent opportunity - прекрасная возможность

to go round the city - ходить по городу

trip - путешествие

calm - спокойный, тихий

to sit on deck - сидеть на палубе

to go boating and swimming - плавать в лодке, плавать в море (реке, озере)

to go for hikes in the mountains - ходить в горы

to be sorry - сожалеть

Грамматический блок

Present Continuous Tense