Ex.I Translate these equivalents from the text.

distribution of goods, main kinds of transport, British banking, large quantities, overseas countries, the Chain of Commerce, deal mostly with the commercial banks, these services are called, insurance and advertising.

 

Ex II. Match English equivalents:

1. to start 1. producer

2. commerce 2. consumer

3. main 3. amount

4. quantity 4. principal

5. manufacturer 5. business

6. buyer 6. to begin

Ex. III. Answer the following questions

1. What does it mean “commerce”?

2. Give three examples of raw materials which you know.

3. Name any three types of manufacturing process which you know.

4. What is the main job of the wholesaler?

5. Name three types of retail shop.

6. Name the Aids to Trade.

7. Name any two of our main exports.

8. Who controls British banking?

 

Ex.IV. Fill in the gaps

1. The production of goods starts at the r___ mat___________ stage.

2. Goods made by the factories are called fin__________ goods.

3. The principal task of the wholesaler is to st_______ the goods in l______ quantities.

4. One example of a large retail shop is a s____________.

5. The c______ s________ is a small retail shop.

6. Banking, transport, insurance and advertising are known as the A__________ to T___________.

7. Oil drilling is an example of an ex_________ industry.

8. The headquarters of the Bank of England are in L________.

9. The three main kinds of transport are l_______, s_______ and a_______.

 

Ex. V. Ask questions of three different types

1. British banking is controlled by the Bank of England.

2. Advertising plays a very important part in commerce.

3. The production of goods starts at the raw material stage.

 

Ex. VI. Translate into English

1. Процесс производства и распределения товаров можно представить в виде следующей схемы.

2. Реклама играет очень важную роль в коммерции в нашей стране.

3. Процесс изготовления готовых товаров из сырья называется производством.

4. В этом супермаркете продаются разнообразные товары.

5. Вы когда-нибудь имели дело с коммерческими банками?

6. Британия производит много товаров на экспорт, такие как машинное (электрическое, механическое) оборудование, оборонное и радиолокационное оборудование, одежда, фармацевтическая продукция.

 

Ex. VII. Retell the text.

REMEMBER! Phrasal verb: come

come across – случайно встретить, натолкнуться на что-либо

Bob came across this book in a little store.

come along – пойти с кем-нибудь

Come along with us, or you will miss the bus.

come back – вернуться, возвращаться

Come back here. I want to talk to you.

come off – 1)оторваться, отлететь 2) произойти, случиться

The button has come off my coat.

come on – поторапливаться, пойдем

Come on or we’ll be late.

come in – войти

May I come in?

Ex.VIII. Make up your own sentences with the phrasal verb: come

Lesson 2

“Business is business”

(proverb)

TEXT

What is business?

 

Business is a word that is commonly used in many different languages. But exactly what does it mean? The concepts and activities of business have increased in modern times. Traditionally, business simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed. Today it has a more technical definition. One definition of business is the production, distribution, and sale of goods and services for a profit. To examine this definition, we will look at its various parts.

First, production is the creation of services or the changing of materials into products. One example is the conversion of iron ore into metal car parts. Next, these products need to be moved from the factory to the marketplace. This is known as distribution. A car might, be moved from a factory in Detroit to a car dealership in Miami.

Third is the sale of goods and services. Sale is the exchange of a product or service for money. A car is sold to someone in exchange for money. Goods are products that people either need or want; for ехаmplе, cars can be classified as goods. Services, on the other hand, are activities that a person or group performs for another person or organization. For instance, an automechanic performs a service when he repairs a car. A doctor also performs a service by taking care of people when they are sick.

Business, then, is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution, and sale. However, there is one other important factor. This factor is the creation of profit or economic surplus. A major goal in the functioning of an American business company is making a profit. Profit is the money that remains after all the expenses are paid. Creating an economic surplus or profit is, therefore, a primary goal of business activity.

 

· “ What a business it is to run a government!”

«Управлять правительством – целое дело!»

Active vocabulary

 

definition – определение

dealership – фирма, уполномоченная вести операции по продаже

commonly – обычно

to increase – возрастать, расти, увеличивать(ся)

concept – понятие, идея, концепция

production – производство

creation – распределение, размещение

activities – деятельность

profit – прибыль

services – услуги

iron ore – железная руда

expenses – расходы

economic surplus – экономический излишек (остаток)

goal – цель, задача

to repair – ремонтировать, чинить

 

Speech practice:

 

Ex.I. Read and translate the following words:

exactly, services, exchange, definition, various, activities, distribution, creation, conversion, profit, economic, surplus, remain, expenses, however, therefore.

 

Ex.II. Make up your own sentences, using these word combinations:

sale of goods and services;

in modern times;

in exchange for money;

to take care of people;

to repair a car;

the creation of profit;

economic surplus;

a primary goal

 

Ex.III. Answer the following questions:

1. What is business?

2. What did business traditionally mean?

3. What does business consist of?

4. Give the meaning of production and distribution.

5. What do we call goods?

6. What is the definition of profit?

7. What is a primary goal of business activity?

 

Ex.IV. Make up questions (4 types: general, special, alternative, disjunctive) to the following sentences:

1. The concepts and activities of business have increased in modern times.

2. Sale is the exchange of a product or service for money.

3. Business is a combination of production, distribution and sale.

4. A car is sold to someone in exchange for money.

5.A doctor performs a service by taking care of people when they are sick.

Learn the proverbs!

1. “Business before pleasure” – Сначала дело-потом удовольствие.

Дело прежде всего.

Кончил дело-гуляй смело.