перечень вопросов к экзамену

1. Lexicology as a branch of linguistics. The object of lexicology and the key notions of the word studies.

1. The theoretical and practical value of lexicology. Links with other branches of linguistics.
2. Methods of lexicological research (distributional, transformational, componential).
3. The problem of the word. The word from the lexicological and grammatical point of view.
4. The criteria of distinguishing lexical units.
5. The main properties of the word as a unit of the language.
6. Meaning and notion. Types of meaning (significative, denotative)
7. Types of meaning (connotative, pragmatic, stylistic).
8. The elements of the semantic structure. Polysemy.
9. The change of meaning. Causes of the semantic change.
10. Homonyms as words with different meanings. V.V. Vinogradov and his classification.
11. Classifications of homonyms (I.V. Arnold, A.I. Smirnitsky in detail, W. Skit`s dictionary).
12. Sources of homonymy. Homonymy and polysemy.
13. Synonyms as words of similar meaning. Classification of synonyms.
14. Synonymic relations in the language. Criteria of synonymy.
15. Sources of synonymy and types of connotations.
16. Euphemisms.
17. Other types of paradigmatic relations (paronymy, hyponymy, malapropism).
18. Antonyms. Classifications of antonyms.
19. General notions of functional styles and registers (the different and common).
20. Colloquial words and their functions.
21. The problem of slang.
22. Jargons, cant, argot.
23. Learned words and terms.
24. Neologisms and nonce words. The sources of neologisms.
25. Obsolete and archaic words.
26. The origin of English vocabulary. The sources of borrowings.
27. Assimilation of borrowings
28. Etymological doublets

30. The morpheme and types of morphemes.

31. Affixation as a type of wordformation. Suffixation.

32. Affixation as a type of wordformation. Prefixation.

33. Productive and non-productive affixes.

34. Analysis into immediate constituents. Transformational analysis.

35. Etymology of affixes.

36. The problem of semiaffixes.

37. Lexicalisation of functional affixes

38. Criteria of compound words.

39. Classification of compound words.

40. The “stone wall” problem.

41. Shortenings(abbreviation, back formation).

42. Conversion, types of relationships in conversion.

43. Substantivation.

44. The notion of phraseology. The approaches to the problem of stable word c0mbinations.

45. The main properties of pharaseological units.

46. A phraseological unit and a compound word, a phraseological unit and a free word combination.

47. Classifications of phraseological units (V.V. Vinogradov, N.N. Amosova).

48. Classifications of phraseological units (A.I. Smirnitsky).

49. Classifications of phraseological units (A.V. Kunin(semantic and sructural classification)).

50. Aspects of phraseological meaning.

51. Communicative phraseological units.

52. The origin of phraseological units (native phraseological units).

53. The origin of phraseological units (borrowed phraseological units).

54. English in the USA.

55. Types of dictionaries.

Additional questions will be given on the articles by Myrkin, Sidorova, Dobroscklonskaya, Serdobintseva, Zelenin and others offered for the discussions at the seminars.

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