Give him/her some pieces of advice.

 

1. It is necessary that you …

2. It is important that a future judge…

3. It is demanded that a prospective judge…

4. It is not necessary that you…

5. It is desirable that…

6. It is impossible that…

7. It is arranged that judges…

Use these ideas:

· Be impartial

· Serve in any legislative or executive bodies

· Appointed by the President

· Have considerable experience

· Be over 30 years old

· Be an expert on advocacy

· Decide cases according to law

· Be appointed for life

 

Ex. 3. Provide the Russian equivalent for the following.

1. It is almost credible that Mr. Justice Snubb should enquire of the barristers appearing in his court, “What is a crossword?”

2. It is, then, not surprising that a Bench composed almost entirely of former barristers should lack expertise and knowledge of many of the matters which are central to the lives of people who come into court as litigants or witnesses.

3. It is inequitable in a democratic society that one set of values should so predominate on the Bench.

4. It was desirable that there should be a possibility of being delivered from a judge by a new King.

5. It is unfair to the defendant in a criminal case, or to the parties in a civil case that their legal proceedings should be broadcast to a large audience outside the courtroom.

 

     V. ПРИДАТОЧНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ОБРАЗА ДЕЙСТВИЯ

                                     (MANNER CLAUSES)

В предложениях после глаголов act, behave, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste и некоторых других с помощью союзов as if/as though вводятся придаточные предложения образа действия. В таких придаточных предложениях глагол употребляется в форме Past Indefinite, если он выражает действие, одновременное с действием глагола главного предложения.

e.g. He spoke as if he knew the question well. Он говорил так, как будто хорошо знал вопрос.

   He loved him as if he were his son. Он любил его, как если бы он был ему сыном.

Когда глагол придаточного предложения выражает действие, предшествующее действию глагола главного предложения, он употребляется в Past Perfect.

e.g. He described the town as if he had seen it himself. Он описывал город, как если бы видел его сам.

Ex. 1. Сhoose the correct alternative.

1. She spoke as if she ________ something very important (knew, had known).

2. Aunt greeted us as if nothing _________ (happened, had happened).

3. Inspector stood up and moved to the door as if the conversation _________ (were over, had been over).

4. He behaved as though __________ about anything (weren’t informed, hadn’t been informed).

5. His face did not express anything as though ________ at hearing the news (were not surprised, had not been surprised).

6. We were not tired a bit as if we ________ all day long (didn’t walk, hadn’t walk).

7. I feel as if I _______ a child again (were, had been).

8. Sally looks as if she _______ happy (were, had been).

9. The garden looked as though it _________ all these years (were looked after, had been looked after).

 

Ex. 2. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Они встретились, как будто были друзьями.

2. Он посмотрел на меня, как будто он меня никогда раньше

                          не видел.

3. Он посмотрел на дверь, как будто ждал кого-то.

4. Вы отвечаете так, как будто не знаете правила.

5. Они медленно шли по лестнице, как если бы несли что-то тяжелое.

6. Я помню этот рассказ, как будто я только что его прочел.

7. Она говорила, как будто была во сне.

8. Ты говоришь так, будто это большая проблема.

 

Final test on the use of subjunctive in clauses of object, subject, and manner.

Variant I

 

1. Henry talks to his dog as if it ______ him.

a. Understands b. Understood c. Had understood

2. It is arranged that we ____Jim.

a. should pick up b. picked up c. had picked up

3. He recommended that I ______ harder.

a. study b. would study c. studied

4. It’s necessary that we _______ him know.

a. should let b. would let c. had let

5. I propose that he ______ a promotion.

a. should get b. would get c. got

6. She behaves as if she _____ rich.

a. Be b. would be c. were

7. She talks as though she _____ the Queen of England.

a. were b. should be c. be

8. Mom insisted that we ______ skiing.

a. go b. had gone c. went

9. We decided that Mike ______ us.

a. should join b. would join c. joins

10. My Dad acts as if he ______ a general in the army.

a. would be b. be c. were

11. I suggest you ______ a vacation.

a. took b. should take c. would take

12. I insist something ______ done about the problem.

a. Is b. Be c. Were

 

Variant II

1. He speaks as if he _____ him.

a. knows b. knew c. know

2. It’s important that you ______ the letter now.

a. should write b. would write c. wrote

3. He ordered that we _______ ready.

a. get b. got c. had got

4. She was so tired she felt as though she _______a mile.

a. would run b. ran c. had run

5. It’s essential that you ________ part in that conference.

a. take b. took c. would take

6. Mrs. Wood always talks to her tenth-grade students as though they ______

 adults.

a. were b. be c. was

7. It’s unfair that he _____ a promotion.

a. gets b. got c. should get

8. He suggested that I ______ for him.

a. wait b. waited c. would wait

9. He demanded that I _____ talking.

a. should stop b. would stop c. had stopped

10. It looks as if I ______ the train.

a. miss b. would miss c. had missed

11. He demanded she _______ to him.

a. apologize b. apologized c. would apologize

12. The chairman proposed the plans ______ changed.

a. are b. be c. were

 

APPENDIX

 

WISHES

	FORM	USE
I wish	I worked hard. I could work.	Wish/ regret about the present
I wish	I hadn’t said that.	Regret about the past
I wish	2, 3 лицо + would + infinitive it would stop raining	Wish for a future change

 

CONDITIONALS

	IF-CLAUSE	MAIN CLAUSE	USE
Type 1	If I finish early	I will go for a walk	Real present
Type 2	If I had money	I would/ could/ might travel	Unreal present
Type 3	If we hadn’t left so early	We would/ could/ might have missed the train	Unreal past

 

 

Библиографический список

1. Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка. М., 1995.

2. Raymond Murphy. Grammar in use. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

3. Тарнаева Л.П. Тесты по грамматике английского языка. СПб, 2000.

4. Игнатова Т.Н. Английский язык. М., 1992.

5. Virginia Evans. Round-Up English Grammar Practice 5. Addison Wesley Longman Limited 2000.

6. Virginia Evans. Round-Up Grammar Practice 6. Addison Wesley Longman Limited 2000.

7. David Pannick. Judges.

8. Бонк Н.А. Английский для международного сотрудничества. М., 1992.