Ex. 15. Translate into English.

 

1. Я начал изучать химию в институте. 2. Моя жена стала заниматься химией под руководством профессора 'Иванова. 3. Они начали работать в клинике два года тому назад. 4. Он совмещает исследовательскую работу с работой в клинике. 5. Совмещает ли он научную деятельность с педагогической (teaching)? 6. Инертные газы не соединяются с кислородом. 7. Его пригласили в Московский университет читать лекции по биологии.8. По окончании университета он стал преподавателем.9. Окончив университет, он поступил (join) в нашу лабораторию. 10. Окончив школу, она поступила (enter) в институт. 11. Поступила ли она на физический фа­культет? 12. Это одна из самых неотложных задач современной биохимии. 13. У меня срочная работа (я должен сделать срочную работу). 14. Ньютон зна­менит тем, что он открыл законы движения. 15. Гюй­генс известен тем, что он разработал волновую теорию света (wave theory of light). 16. Он основывал свои опыты на теоретических предпосылках. 17. Ему уда­лось выделить (isolate) новое вещество. 18. Им удалось разъяснить некоторые оптические явления. 19. Читая лекции по медицине, он разъяснял (make clear) зна­чение витаминов. 20. Будучи студентом (когда я был студентом), я занимался физикой. 21. В сотрудни­честве со своим другом он провел важные исследова­ния химических реакций, сопровождающих сокращение мускулов (muscle contraction). 22. Он исследовал при­чины этих изменений. 23. Хопкинс внес большой вклад в науку, показав значение витаминов для человече­ского организма (human organism). 24. Он получил Нобелевскую премию по медицине и биологии совместно с Эйкманом. 25. Я написал совместную статью с док­тором Казаковым. 26. Они провели совместное иссле­дование этих новых полимерных материалов (polymer materials).

 

 

Ex. 16. a) Say a few words about Hopkins. Describe his scien­tific career before he became internationally known.

 

Use: be born in...; be educated at...; take one's training in...; take one's degree at...; become a member of the staff of...; be called (invited) to ... by...;

join the school of physiology; combine activities in research with...; realize that...; have accurate knowledge of....

 

b) Speak about Hopkins's chief contribution to science.

 

Use: become internationally known for...; base experiments on sound theoretical considerations; succeed in...; clear up...; in collaboration with...; do research

  into...; lay the foundation of...; make one's most fundamental contribution by...; be joint winner of... for...; hold honorary degrees.

 

 

 Ex. 17. Make up a short talk about your research. Use the questions below as a guide.

1. Where did you receive education? 2. Did you join any scientific (learned) society while at the Insti­tute? 3. Where did you take your first training in...? 4. When did you graduate from. the Institute? 5. What Institute did you come to work at after graduation? 6. What activities are you engaged in at present? 7. In what field of science do you carry on research? 8. What do you base your experiments (calculations, theoretical considerations) on (upon)? 9. Do you combine theore­tical research with applied studies? 10. How do you plan your experiments? 11. Do you work alone or in collaboration with your fellow workers (colleagues)? 12. Can you tell us what the urgent needs of biochemistry (physics, physiology, geology, mathematics, botany, astronomy, etc.) are nowadays?

 

 

SUPLEMENT

 

LIST OF WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS WHICH CAN BE USED WHEN SPEAKING

 

a) About the Head of a Laboratory

 

be a well-known (distinguished, prominent, outstanding, famous) scientist; be known (distinguished, famous) for...; be engaged in (different activities); be appoin­ted (elected, made) director (head, manager, professor) of...; hold the position of director (head, manager, professor); be at the head of (head, run, be in charge of) an Institute (laboratory, research team, etc.); hold seminars, give lectures (course of lectures) in physics (chemistry, biology, etc.); give a lecture (talk, commu­nication) on...; go on an expedition (tour, trip); con­tribute (make a contribution) to...; do important (outstanding, excellent, etc.) research in (into, of)...;

make a thorough (complete, detailed, accurate) study of...; advance (propose, develop, put forward, suggest) an idea (hypothesis, approach, theory); work out an approach (method, explanation); search for (adopt, use, make use of) a new (another, better) approach (techni­que, method); be generally recognized; win general recognition; win (receive, be awarded) a prize (award) for...;

 

b) About a Visit to a Research Laboratory

 

visit; stay for...; be shown around; get acquainted with...; learn; be (get) interested in...; work in collaboration with...; do joint research; exchange opinions on...; be of the same (a different) opinion on...; be impressed by...; enjoy.

 

c) About Oneself

 

be born in... at (in)...; go to (attend) school; while at school; get interested in...; leave school take en­trance examinations; read much (hard) for the examinations; be admitted to...; while in one's first (se­cond, etc.) year; join a students' scientific (learned) society; do physics (biology, etc.); read a paper; attend lectures in (on)...; study under...; graduate from the Institute (University); begin (start) working at...; get an appointment as (position of) a teacher (engi­neer, junior research worker, laboratory assistant);

join a laboratory; read for one's thesis; collect and ar­range data (facts, observations); check one's results;

do (carry on) experiments on (with)...; do theoretical work; do research in (into, of)...; make calculations (observations, measurements) of...; consult one's come to the conclusion; agree; be through with the experimental part of...; succeed in obtaining reliable results (data); work jointly (do joint work) with...; overcome difficulties; be particularly interested in...; take no interest in...; be outside the scope of one's work.

 

======================== PART II ========================

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION

 

 

Text 1
CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON

 A little over sixty years ago, on January 28, 1902 Andrew Carnegie founded what was to become a new kind of institution for America: the first to be devoted wholly to fundamental research over wide fronts of science, in the most completely basic aspect.

The Carnegie Institution of Washington was established specifically to encourage, in the broadest and most liberal manner, investigation, research, and discovery and the application of knowledge to the impro­vements of mankind.

The scientists in the Department of the Institution have no commitment except to carry on research; they

are not required to teach; they choose their own fields of investigation.

Carnegie Institution scientists in the last sixty years have made far-ranging major contributions to know­ledge in almost every field of science. They have been pioneers in opening new areas.

At present, Carnegie Institution's interests are mainly in three broad fields: 1) the form, contents and dyna­mics of the universe; 2) the structure and evolution of the earth; and 3) the frontiers of biology. Work in these pioneering areas is being carried on in six research centres operated by the Institution and by individual scien­tists and research teams. The six research centres are:

The Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories which are operated jointly by the Carnegie Institution and California Institute of Technology.

These observatories have two of the world's largest telescopes, and are currently engaged in programs on the physical nature and evolution of celestial bodies, and on the structure and dimensions of the Universe.

The Geophysical Laboratory which conducts broad physiochemical studies on the structure, formation and evolution of the Earth's crust to learn more about the physical and biological history, composition and inter­nal make up of our planet.

The Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Research at this Department covers a wide range of subjects, including the magnetic and electrical fields of the, earth, radio astronomy, geophysics of the earth's crust and mantle, isotope geology, nuclear physics and biosynthe­sis, touching also on basic genetics.

The Department of Embriology. There are investi­gated the processes by means of which egg cells develop into individual.

The Department of Biology at Stanford, California. This Department studies photosynthesis, by which plants manufacture organic matter.

The Genetic Research Unit at Cold Spring Harbor, New York. Studies undertaken by this Unit consider the mechanisms by which life processes are directed in the living cell.

In addition to its own full-time staff, the Carnegie Institution annually invites selected scientists of inter national reputation to spend time at its research centres, making use of the specialized instruments and facilities of the Institution.

The results of the Institution's research are freely and promptly presented to the world through scientific journals and scientific meetings, lectures and symposia In all, the Institution has published more than 800 titles, some consisting of several volumes.

 

Exercises