Дополнительные упражнения на изученный лексико-грамматический материал

Упражнение 134. Переведите предложения, содержащие конструкцию «сложное подлежащее».

1. Printers are known to vary greatly in performance and design. 2. They are expected to be the most commonly used devices. 3. The ink – jet printer is stated to be one of the newest types of character printers. 4. Electrophotographic techniques proved to have developed from the paper copier technology. 5. Dot-matrix printers seem to have a lower quality of type. 6 A laser is certain to be an acronym for light amplification by simulated emission of radiation.

Упражнение 135. Переведите предложения, содержащие конструкции: сложное подлежащее, независимый причастный оборот, сложное дополнение, инфинитив в функции определения.

1. Many servomechanisms and regulators are known to be composed of a number of control elements connected in series, the output of one being used as the input to the text. 2. We expected a computer to work for at least several hours without a fault. 3. A problem to be solved by a digital computer must be expressed in mathematical terms that the computer can work with. 4. Among all forms of magnetic storage, magnetic tapes were the first to be proposed in connection with digital computers. 5. Programming a computer involves analyzing the problem to be solved and a plan to solve it.

Упражнение 136. Переведите предложения с инфинитивом в страдательном залоге.

1. The word «communication» has been used in a very broad sense, in includes all of procedures by which one mind may affect another. 2. All kinds of distortions of sound to be conveyed by telephone communications are called noise. 3. In the mathematical theory of communication the word «information» to be used in a special sense must not be confused with its ordinary usage. 4. The conference to be held in Moscow will discuss questions dealing with communication problems. 5. There are Markoff processes to be widely involved in the theory of communication. 6. The effectiveness problem must have been concerned with the demands of the design. 7. Only the information must have been taken symbolically to represent any two choices. 8. This subject will be dealt with in the next chapter. 9. A new type of computing equipment is being produced at our plant.

Упражнение137. Проанализируйте неличные формы глагола и правильно переведите предложения.

1. Data are processed to become useful information. 2. We use the term data processing to include the resources applied for processing of information. 3. Resources required for accomplishing the processing of date are called data processing system. 4. Processing is a series of operations converting inputs into outputs. 5. Facilities are required to house the computer equipment. 6. Egyptians used the information to predict crop yields. 7. Information to be put into the computer for processing should be coded into ones and zeroes. 8. Processing is operation on data to convert them into useful information. 9. The first machines designed to manipulate punched card date were widely used for business data processing. 10. Hollerith built one machine to punch the holes and the other to tabulate the collected date.

Упражнение 138. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод разного рода несвободных (устойчивых) словосочетаний и «текстовых скреп».

1. Gamma rays and X-rays are both forms of electromagnetic radiation with respect to origin. 2. Secondary electrons vary widely with respect to energy. 3. Relative wind is the motion of the air with reference to an object. 4. The close similarity of Venus and the Earth with regard to size and mass means that the surfaces gravities must be much the same. 5. Due explanation of the phenomenon of radioactivity was first given by Curie. 6. The energy which a body possesses due to its motion is called kinetic energy. 7. Solids maintain their sizes and shapes no matter where they are placed. 8. Research work and experimental investigations are constantly in progress to find materials with the best properties. 9. I order to investigate how these new particles come into being, one must first study a very remarkable phenomena …... 10. The scientists pay the closest attention to all previous experiments. 11. It turns out that the problem of carrying away dangerous by-products is not yet solved. 12. The flow of the gas is a more complex problem than the flow of liquids on account of its weight. 13. The Earth circles around the Sun along with other planets. 14. Except for the sun and the Moon, Venus is the brightest object in the sky. 15. Above the critical temperature there is no reason to draw any distinction between liquid and vapour. 16. External forces, whether lifting or otherwise, that act upon a body are termed «loads». 17. The natural tendency of heat to flow from a higher to a lower temperature makes it possible for a heat engine to transform heat into work. On the contrary, a mechanical refrigerating machine must transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body.

Упражнение139. Выполните перевод предложений, содержащих различные лексико-грамматические трудности.

1. Accuracy is one of the major items in judging a control system. 2. The higher the accuracy of the system, the less errors the system makes. 3. The digital computer employs the principle of counting units, digits, and hence, if properly guided, gives answers which have a high degree of accuracy. 4. Electronic computers can choose which of several different operations are the right ones in given circumstances. 5. Never before has mankind had such a powerful tool available. 6. In many cases Man has proved to be but imperfect controller of the machines he has created. 7. Thus it is natural that wherever necessary, we should try to replace the human controller by some form of automatic controller. 8. It is necessary to draw a distinction between calculating machines and computers, the former requiring manual control for each arithmetic step and the latter having the power to solve a computer problem automatically. 9. We know of the earth behaving as a large magnet. 10. Major HMD_s  are increasingly being integrated into cockpits of modern helicopters. 11. When you've finished writing, you have to tell the computer what you wrote. 12. Programs need to be organized, too. 13. In a conductor current is known to be carried by electrons that are free to flow through the lattice of the substance. 14. The structure of an integrated circuit is sure to be complex both in the technology of its surface and in its internal composition. 15. Programs for a computer might be executed in a batch process without human intervention. 16. Programming language evolution continues, in both industry and research. 17. Client- server networks use servers in different capacities. These can be classified into two types. 18. One open challenge in computer animation is a photorealistic animation of humans.