Write down the physical features of the heart. Speak about the heart according to the plan

1. Size: …

2. Weight: …

3. Structure: …

4. Function: …

Figure 10. Anatomy of the heart

 

Complete the sentences using the text “The Cardiovascular System”.

1. The cardiovascular system is …

2. The centre of the cardiovascular system is …

3. The contractions of the heart …

4. Two chambers on the top are called …

5. Two chambers on the bottom are …

6. The valves separate …

Match two parts of the sentences together

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Blood flows through the body The oxygen-poor blood goes to the lungs The atria receive the blood The ventricles give the blood Each beat of the heart is followed by The heart consists of The cardiovascular system includes

- from the body and lungs. - the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries. - using the blood vessels. - a period of rest. - four chambers. - where it becomes oxygen-rich. - to the body and lungs.

 

Put the steps of blood flow in the order from 1 to 7. The first step is labeled for you

___ Blood from the right ventricle is pushed through the semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery that carries it to the lungs.

___ The left ventricle sends blood through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta.

1  Blood enters the right atrium from superior and inferior vena cava.

___ Blood picks up oxygen in the lungs.

___ Blood passes through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle.

___ Blood returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins.

___ Blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.

Match the terms

Aorta, aortic semilunar valve, bicuspid valve, inferior vena cava, left ventricle, left atrium, pulmonary artery, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary veins, right atrium, right ventricle, superior vena cava, tricuspid valve.

 

Heart diseases

Find the matches

heartache	немедленно
headache	состояние
immediately	боль в сердце
calm the patient	давление крови
condition	головная боль
prescribe drugs	успокоить пациента
the pressure of blood	выписать лекарство
complain of	жаловаться на

Write down the words; find their meaning in the dictionary

disorder                to depend on

congenital             to pick up

acquired               puffiness

club-like               breathlessness      

pulmonary artery

 

3. Read and translate the text:

Heart diseases

    Heart disorders fall into two broad groups: congenital and acquired. Congenital heart defects are caused by structural defects. Acquired heart disease is mainly due to rheumatic fever. Congenital defects may result in cyanosis if the defect is such that blood doesn’t pass through the lungs for oxygenation. The patient has blue lips and blue-finger and toe-nails. The ends of the fingers are rounded and club-like. Sometimes there is an opening between the left and right side of the heart, or even between the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Symptoms depend on the type of heart disease. Sometimes, the defect is picked up on a routine examination, at other times there may be breathlessness, difficulty in walking or running, swellings. Some these anomalies can be surgically corrected.

 

Use English equivalents

Врожденный, приобретенный, пороки сердца, структурные дефекты, врожденные пороки сердца, посиневшие губы, пальцы на руках и ногах закругленные, похожие на барабанные палочки, отверстие, легочная артерия, обнаруживать, плановый осмотр, одышка, отеки, хирургический путь.

             

      Figure 11. Cyanosis                                    Figure 12. Club-like fingers

 

Hypertension

Read out

hypertension

hypertensive crisis

 primary hypertension

 essential hypertention

 secondary hypertension       

blood

blood pressure

measure blood pressure

 high blood pressure

persistent high blood pressure

low blood pressure

to treat – treatment

to prevent – prevention

to measure – measurement

to cause – cause

to complain of – complaint

to elevate – elevation

to reduce – reduction                                           

Warm-up discussion

What is hypertension?

Why do you think so many people in developed countries suffer from this disease?

What can we do to solve the problem?