The main idea of the article.

The main idea of the article is…

The article is about…

The article is devoted to…

The article deals with…

The contents of the article. Some facts, names, figures.

The author starts by telling (the reader) that…

The author (of the article) writes (reports, states, stresses, thinks, notes, considers, believes, analyses, points out, says, describes) that… / draws reader’s attention to... The article gives a detailed analysis of…

Further the author reports (writes, states, stresses, thinks, notes, considers, believes, analyses, points out, says, describes) that… / draws reader’s attention to...          4.Conclusion In conclusion the author writes (reports, states, stresses, thinks, notes, considers, believes, analyses, points out, says, describes) that… / draws reader’s attention to... The author comes to the conclusion that… The following conclusions are drawn: …

Expressing y our op i nion.

43. I found the article (rather) interesting (important, useful) as / because …

44. I found the article too hard to understand / rather boring as / because …

Grammar (Revision)

Simple Tense

44. Translate the sentences into Russian paying your attention to Simple Tense.

1. It also will help to moisten and warm the air before it reaches your lungs. 2. Each canal opens to the face by a nostril. 3. Then air will pass the sinuses, which are hollow spaces in the skull. 4. The millions of tiny bronchioles conduct air to the alveoli of the lungs. 5. Blood passed through the capillaries. 6. The pulmonary artery carries blood containing carbon dioxide to the air sacs, where the gas moves from the blood to the air. 7. The regulation of blood flow also affected blood pressure 8. The diaphragm, as the main respiratory muscle, and the intercostal muscles of the chest wall play an essential role by generating the pumping action on the lung. 9. Normally, a fetus will begin producing surfactant from around 28-32 weeks gestation. 10. All blood vessels contained a hollow area called the lumen through which blood was able to flow.

Passive Voice

45. Translate the sentences into Russian paying your attention to Passive Voice.

1.The nose, the nasal cavity, is subdivided into a left and right canal by a bony wall, the nasal septum. 2. In the posterior wall of the nasopharynx is located a lymphatic organ, the pharyngeal tonsil. 3. The middle floor of the pharynx is called the oral pharynx or oropharynx. 4. Sound is produced by forcing air through a sagittal slit formed by the vocal cords, the glottis. 5. The bronchial tubes are lined with tiny hairs called cilia. 6. The lungs are located in the chest region. 7. The inside of the thoracic cavities and the lung surface are covered with serous membranes. 8. Lobes are filled with small, spongy sacs called alveoli. 9. The normal process of ageing is associated with a number of changes in both the structure and function of the respiratory system. 10. This change is closely connected to the general health of the person.

Review your progress

Test for self-control

Grammar