Чтение согласных в буквосочетаниях

В составе буквосочетаний согласные читаются по-разному.

5.1 Буквосочетание “ th” читается:

[T] – в знаменательных словах (существительных, глаголах, прилагательных, числительных) – three, think.

[D] – в служебных словах (предлогах, артиклях, наречиях, местоимениях) и в положении между гласными – the, this, with.

5.1.1 Прочитайте слова:

со звуком [T]: think, both, thing, theft, third, death [deT], faith [feiT];

со звуком [D]: thus, they, without, within, that, these, then.

 

5.2 Буквосочетания “ ch” и “tch” читаются   [tS]: much, catch, charge, attach, ex ´ change, fetch, match, change, chamber, chase, check, merchant;

ch [k] в словах греческого происхождения: character, school, chemistry, technical;

ch [S] – machine.

 

5.3 Буквосочетание “ sh” читается [S]: punish, shipment, cash, short, shortage, dash, crash, share.

 

5.4 Буквосочетание “ ph” читается [f]: phone, phase, phenomen, photostat, sphere, physical.

5.5 Буквосочетание “ qu” читается [kw]:

squad[skwd], square[skwE«], quality[ ´ kwliti], ´ qualify, quarrel, quick, ´ inquest, ´ quitance, quash.

 

5.5.1 Прочитайте стихотворение:

“U” can be seen without a “Q”,

But “Q” must always go with “U”- т.е. после буквы “Q” всегда пишется буква “U”.

 

5.6 Буквосочетание “ kn” читается [n] в начале слова:

knife, know [now], knave, knock, knot, knack, knee.

 

5.7 Буквосочетание “ng” читается [N]: English, thing, long, fingerprint, strong.

Буквосочетание “ nk” читается [Nk]: sink.

 

5.8 Чтение буквы “ w” в буквосочетаниях:

“ wh” + “ o” читается [h] – who [hu:];

“ wh” + остальные гласные читается [w] – what;

“ wr” в начале слова перед гласными читается[r] – write [rait];

“ wo” + согласный (кроме “ r”) на конце слова или “ wo” + сочетание согласных читается [wÃ] – wonder [wÃnd«];

“ wa” + согласные или конечный согласный (кроме “ r”) читается [w] – want [wnt];

сочетание war читается [w:] – warm[w:m];

сочетание wor читается [w«:] – work[w«:k].

 

5.8.1 Прочитайте стихотворение Р. Киплинга:

I have six honest serving men

They taught me all I knew [nju]

Their names are What and Why and

When and How [hau] and Where and Who.

5.8.2 Запомните вопросительные слова:

what [wt] – что, какой

which [witS] – который

who [hu:] – кто

whose [hu:z] – чей

where [wE«] – где

when [wen] – когда

why [wai] – почему

5.8.3 Прочитайте слова с буквой “ w”:

we, worker, way, where, win, was, twice, twelve, wage, ward, wardship, warning, warrrant, watch, whereby, whole, word, writ, wrong, award, warn.

 

5.9 Буквосочетание “ al”: перед к читается [:] talk, chalk

                                                               перед f читается [ a:] half

Перед всеми остальными согласными в ударном слоге [:] – all, ball, small, almost, fall.

 

5.10 Буквосочетание “gh” читается [ ai ] – light [lait], high, might, right, night, knight.

 

5.11 Чтение буквы h. Буква h никогда не следует за гласной.

В начале слова перед долгими гласными h не читается – hour [ ´ au«]

Перед краткими гласными читается [ h ] hostile [ ´ hstail], home [ ´ houm]

 

5.11.1 Прочитайте слова с буквой h: half, handle, harm, having, heir [ ´ E«], honour [ ´ n«].

 

ЧТЕНИЕ БУКВОСОЧЕТАНИЙ

6.1 Запомните, как читаются следующие буквосочетания. Прочитайте слова:

Таблица 2

Звук	Буква и буквосочетание
1	2
[ i:]	e	ee	ea	ie	ei	но: ea[e]
	he she be these	see lega´tee fee parolee deed free needs keep queen	plea reveal plead defeat treaty leader read appeal steal seat	chief thief relief belief	receive-deceive	bread threat death

 

Продолжение таблицы 2

1	2
[a:]	a+r	a+ss,st	a+nt,nd	a+sk,sp	a+th	a+lf
	far hard harm pardon party card large discharge	pass last past fast class	demand branch chance grant	ask task grasp	rather path	half
[ :]	o+r(e)	a+ll, lk	au (aw)	au (gh)	ough+t	wa+r
	more corner form border order fordge forced	all sort talk call install	law lawyer small lawsuit audience by-law default authorize because straw flaw	caught	brought bought	war warn award reward warrant
[ou]	o	oa	ow	o+st,ld
	whole vote close pro´voke	road	know show follow tomorrow	most old hold sold
[au]	ou	ow	[  i]	oi		oy
	out discount	how now town down crown	invoice despoil	joint avoid avoidance point enjoin		enjoy

 

Продолжение таблицы 2

1	2
[ai]	i/y	i+gh	i+ld	i+nd	i+gn
	life try crime price provide side tie dry private final	right high light sight	wild mild	bind kind find mind	sign design
[ei]	a	ai	ay	ey	eigh
	make take state case page blame same trade	main wait fail bail brain vain again	stay say may pay lay major	convey they obey	eight weight
[ Ã ]	u	o+m,n,v,th	ou	oo+d	ou+gh
	must but sum refund trust custom	some love none money mother	country trouble	blood bloodwit flood	enough
[ «:]	e+r	i+r	u+r	ea+r	w+or
	term person serve nerve	birst third firm first	turn burk burning burst-up purse hurt	earn learn	work world wording worse worship worth

 

Продолжение таблицы 2

1	2
[u:]	o	oo	ou (gh)
	do who prove shoe	too boon boot loophole loose moonshane choose food	group through
[u «]	o+r		ou+r
	poor		our tour
[i «]

Ear

ere  

near                      ear

appear                  fear

bear

here mere severe [ E «]

a+re

air

Ere

 

spare                   bare

share                   care

dare

pair air

where

there

               

6.2 Запомните, как читаются следующие буквосочетания. Прочитайте слова:

Таблица 3

Буква, буквосочетание	Звук	Примечание	Примеры
1	2	3	4
bt	[t]	В конце слова	debt, doubt
dg	[dZ]		knowledge, judge, lodge, judgement, pledge, budget
flen	[fn]		often
gn	[n]	в начале и конце слова	foreign, sign
s	[S]		surety, insure

 

Продолжение таблицы 3

1	2	3	4
ss	[S]	перед безударным слогом	Russia
ssion	[S(«)n]		session, comission, supression, succession mission
sion	[Zn]	в конце слова	decision, conclusion, invasion, provision
sure	[Z«]		measure, pleasure, treasure, foreclosure
tion	[S(«)n]		contradiction, supposition, eviction, prosecution, legislation, election, prolongation, discretion, action, condition, question, taxation, testation, suggestion, termination
ture	[tS«]		nature, feature, cloture, indenture
tial	[Sl]		initial, judicial, social, pro´vincial

6.3 Прочитайте следующие слова:

1. cc [ks]: accept, accident, unaccepted, success.

2. j [dZ]: job, jury, join, injury, justice, jural, juror.

3. sc [s]: scientist, scene, science.

4. g [dZ]: encourage, e ´ igible, e ´ mergency, ab ´ ridgement, ´ carriage, ´ disengage, ´ message, ´ damage, ´ pilferage.

ФОНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПРАКТИКУМ

7.1 Прочтите следующие слова, пользуясь таблицами 1, 6.1 и 6.2

1. News, pleasure, telephone, gesture, pay, sponsor, here, success, straw, custom, credit, sheet, hire, occupation, general.

2. Decide, flaw, judge, election, trust, short, proof, health, crime, search, presumption, occasion, relief, breach, legislator.

3. Free, save, endure, deed, kill, chairman, fall, trust, mention, pardon, goods, various, appear, claim, treaty.

4. Majority, threat, revocation, omission, damage, blame, culture, share, real, trace, moot, rob, border, back, pay.

5. Tax, prison, keeper, pure, market, duty, steal, term, cost, joint, punish, stock, emergency, loophole, share.

6. Questioning, accident, sufferer, measure, photostat, shipment, abate, nation, injury, usher, wise, leader, sum, nature, promise.

7. Prejudicial, work, business, serve, theft, chief, resonable, murder, prepare, parcener, justice, cell, depositor, void, leave.

8. War, invoice, next, limited, form, call, world, robber, dispoil, perjury, lend, profession, satisfaction, theory, pure.

9. Secession, cloture, property, say, quash, extradite, special, think, part, message, measure, avoid, seat, photo, rate.

10. Enrich, warder, large, rent, side, zip, vote, domain, wardship, trade, inquiry, revivor, jail, fare, court.

11. Citizen, case, acknoledgement, defence, forced, exchange, inspector, bond, chancellor, faith, chain, wording, credit.

12. Indenture, policy, pursuit, chasing, meet, relief, steal, pilferage, solicitor, contract, health, shifting, warrant, letter, word.

13. General, harm, ordinary, sheriff, witness, nation, head, loss, theft, withdraw, mention, chairman, joinder, physical, desire.

14. Cheat, beneficial, innocent, rent, scheme, hear, participation, without, set, adjective, chapter, justify, show, extinction, disengage.

 

7.2 Прочитайте следующие пословицы и поговорки:

Money spent on the brain           Деньги, потраченные на образование,

is never spent in vain.                                   никогда не пропадут даром.

What is worth doing at all            То, что делаешь, надо делать

is worth doing well.                                       хорошо или совсем не делать.

 

The exсeption proves the rule.    Исключение подтверждает правило.

 

Prevention is better thаn cure.    Предупреждение лучше лечения.

 

Better deny at once thаn             Лучше сразу отказать,

promise long.                                                 чем долго обещать.

               

Fault confessed is half forgiven. За признание ─ половина наказания.

 

Business before pleasure.                            Дело прежде всего.

 

By hook or by crook.                                                   Всеми правдами и неправдами,

не мытьем, так катанием.

 

Carry tales out of school [sku:l].                Разглашать секреты,

выносить сор из избы.

 

Out of sight, out of mind.                            С глаз долой – из сердца вон.

 

Never try to prove what nobody                Никогда не следует

doubts.                                                                            доказывать того, в чем

никто не сомневается.

 

Practice makes perfect.                                    Работа учит.

 

Little knowledge is a dangerous                 Поверхностные

thing.                                                                               знания опасны.

 

To let the cat out.                                                    Выдать секрет.

 

Life is not a bed of roses.                            Жизнь прожить – не

поле перейти.

 

Be slow to promise and quick to                Дал слово – держись,

perform.                                                                                         а не дал – крепись.

 

That’s a horse of another color.                 Это совсем другое дело.

Think today and speak tomorrow.            Сначала подумай,

затем отвечай.

 

Where there is a will, there is a way.          Где хотение, там и умение.

 

It’s a small world.                                                         Мир тесен.

 

So many men, so many minds.                 Сколько голов, столько умов.

 

Better late than never.                                                 Лучше поздно, чем никогда.

 

 

7.3 Прочитайте и запомните следующие разговорные фразы:

Excuse me. -                                                                  Простите.

 

Sorry, (Excuse me), can you-            Извините, вы не скажете…

tell me…

 

May I ask you a question?                                         Можно вас спросить?

 

That ’s a great idea!                                                     Отличная мысль.

 

That’s it.                                                                                         Вот именно.

 

And all that.                                                                   И все такое прочее.

 

It’s a pity.                                                                                      Жаль.

 

As a matter of fact…                                                  По правде говоря…

 

Which is more likely?                                                   Что вероятнее?

 

Take it easy.                                                                  Не переживай.

 

Never!                                                                             Да ну!

 

You must be joking!                                                    Да вы шутите!

 

Fancy that!                                                                               Только подумайте!

 

Small world.                                                                   Мир тесен.

We are on good terms with him.                Мы с ним в хороших отношениях.

 

A friend in need is a friend indeed. Друзья познаются в беде.

 

He let me down.                                                            Он меня подвел.

 

What do you take me for?                                         За кого вы меня принимаете?

 

My question is as follows.                           У меня следующий вопрос.

 

Taking into account…                                                Принимая во внимание…

I’m not on you side.                                                     Я не на вашей стороне.

 

Let’s face facts.                                                       Посмотрим фактам в лицо.

 

I’m in the know of.                                                      Я в курсе дела.

 

I’d like to draw your attention to…          Мне бы хотелось привлечь ваше

                                                                                                         внимание…

Let’s come back to our topic.                Давайте вернемся к нашей теме.

 

What are you driving at?                             На что вы намекаете?

 

It’s not to the point.                                                     Это не относится к делу.

 

Pull yourself together!                                                  Возьмите себя в руки.

 

Things do happen.                                                        Все бывает.

 

It’s not your fault.                                                        Это не ваша вина.

 

7.4 Прочитайте вслух следующие диалоги:

 

1)       – It’s nice to sit down.

– Yes, I’m tired.

– Lovely day, isn’t it?

– Yes, it’s great.

 

2)       –Do you have a Russian - English dictionary?

– Yes, we have this one.

– Don’t you have smaller one?

– There’s also a pocket size, do you want to see it?

– No, a pocket dictionary isn’t what I need.

 

3)       – You know, Charles has had an accident.

– Oh, no!

– He’ll have to stay in hospital for a few weeks.

– Will he? That’s really too bad.

 

4)       – My word! You are working hard!

– Yes, I am.

– Are matters as bad as that?

– I’m afraid they are.

– I am sorry to hear it.

5)       –Did you hear Professor Jones’ lecture yesterday?

– Yes, I did. It was a fine speech, wasn’t it?

– Yes, it certainly was.

 

6) –Now, Mr Brigs. Where were you yesterday?

– Yesterday? What time?

– At 2 o’clock. Where were you at 2 o’clock? 

– I was at home.

– You weren’t at home. You were in Central London.

– No, I wasn’t. I was at home. Ask my girl-friend. She was with me.

– We’re going to speak to her later. Where’s she now?

– Oh... I don’t know.

 

7) – What are you doing, Dick?

– I’m reading a very interesting book.

– But what about your lessons? It’s already late.

– But don’t you know that it is never too late to learn?

 

8)       –You’ve received our answer, haven’t you, Mr Nikitin?

–Yes, Mr Adams. We received it last week, and we’ve studied it very carefully.

– Well, how do you like our new ideas?

– They are very interesting.

 

9)       – Hello! Is that Mr Black?

– Yes, what can I do for you?

– Good morning, Mr Black, Petrov from Moscow speaking, I’ve got some questions to ask you about our contract. Can I see you about it today?

– Yes, certainly! What time?

– Any time you say.

– What about three this afternoon?

– Splendid.

– Till this afternoon, then.

 

10)     –Hello! Is that 225-25-58?

– Yes! Secretary speaking. Who’s calling?

– This is Rama from “Bombay Transport”.

– Good morning, Mr Rama. What can I do for you?

– I’d like to speak to the manager, please.

– I’m sorry, he’s busy at the moment. He’s having talks. Can you phone him later?

–What time?

11)     – What's your name?

–  My name's John.

–  Where do you live?

–  I live on Main Street.

–  What's your phone number?

–  It's 741-8906.

–  Where are you from?

–  I'm from New-York.

–  Really? So am I.

–  Wow! That's interesting.

 

12) – Hi, Betty. This is Tim. I'm calling from Chicago.

–  From Chicago? What are you doing in Chicago?

–  I'm on vacation.

–  How's the weather in Chicago? Is it sunny?

–  No, it isn't. It's cloudy.

–  Is it hot?

–  No, it's very cold.

–  Are you having a good time?

–  No, I'm not. I'm having a horrible time because the weather is so terrible.

–  Too bad, I'm sorry to hear that.

13)     – Do you like John?

–  Of course I like him. He's my friend.

–  Does John like you?

–  Of course he likes me.

–  How can you tell?

–  Because he told me so.

 

14)     – John, can you go to Linda's party?

–  I'm sorry, I can't. I have to go to the library.

–  What about Tom? Can he go to Linda's party?

–  No, he can't. He has to fix his car.

–  What about Henry and Nancy?

–  No, they cannot go to the party either. Henry has to go to the dentist and Nancy has to work tonight.

–  Chris, I'm having a party tonight, can you come over?

–  See, Linda, I wish I could but I can't. I have to work.

–  Oh, that's too bad. It seems that tonight everyone's busy.

–  Why don't you plan one for tomorrow night? I'll be free.

–  Good idea! That's what I'll do.

15)     – Hi, John. How are you?

–  I feel great!

–  Do you have any plans tomorrow? I'm going to have a picnic, but I think the weather is going to be bad.

–  Really? What's the forecast?

–  The radio says it's going to rain.

–  That's strange! According to the newspaper it's going to be sunny.

–  I hope you're right.

 

16)     Are you sometimes late for class? What do you usualy tell your

teacher?

I got up late.

I missed the bus.

I missed the train.

I had a headache this morning.

I had to go to the dentist before class.

I forgot my glasses and had to go back home and get them.

I met a friend on the way to class.

Someone stole my car and I had to take the bus.

My alarm-clock didn't go off and I woke up late.

–  John, why were you late for class? Did you get up late?

–  No, I didn't get up late.

–  Did you have a headache this morning?

–  No, I didn't have a headache. I feel pretty good.

–  Well, why are you late?

–  Someone stole my car.

–  Excuses! Excuses!

 

17) Making a Will

– Good morning. I've come to see you about making a will. They say that if I die suddenly my wife will have a lot of problems.

– A very good idea, sir. Now do you want to leave everything to your wife or would you like anyone else to mention?

– Well, I'm fond of my sisters and my uncle Tom was kind to me when I was young. But I hope he'll be dead before anything happens to me.

– I don't want to worry you, sir, but you can be involved in an accident, and then...

– Yes. Well, I'd rather not make things difficult so just put down that I leave everything to my wife.

– I hope you don't mind my asking you, sir, but is there much money involved in the will?

– Oh, no. I've only got five pounds.

– I see. Well, I must tell you that my fee for doing this work will be five pounds exactly.