Доцент кафедры ин.яз. Васильева Аида Алеговна

Доцент кафедры ин.яз. Васильева Аида Алеговна

Контрольная работа № 3

по дисциплине «ИЯ в ПС» (английский)

для студентов групп 2824, 2825

Вариант определить по последней цифре номера зачетной книжки! Если цифра нечетная – 1 вариант, если цифра четная 2- вариант.

Для выполнения контрольной работы № 3 и получения зачета (экзамена) студент должен изучить следующие темы:

1. Устные темы (“Great Britain”)

2. Грамматические темы:

а) Инфинитив.

б) Инфинитивные конструкции.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3.

 

Вариант I.

 

Задание 1. Текст по специальности.

I. Прочитайте текст.

GEAR

 

Gear is a toothed wheel or cylinder used to transmit rotary or reciprocating motion from one part of a machine to another. Two or more gears, transmitting motion from one shaft to another, constitute a gear train.

At one time various mechanisms were collectively called gearing. Now, however, gearing is used only to describe systems of wheels or cylinders with meshing (постоянное зацепление) teeth. Gearing is chiefly used to transmit rotating motion, but can, with suitably designed gears and flat-toothed sectors, be employed to transform reciprocating motion into rotating motion, and vice versa.

The simplest gear is the spur gear, a wheel with teeth cut across its edge parallel to the axis. Spur gears transmit rotating motion between two shafts or other parts with parallel axes. In simple spur gearing, the driven shaft revolves in the opposite direction to the driving shaft. If rotation in the same direction is desired, an idler gear is placed between the driving gear and the driven gear. The idler revolves in the opposite direction to the driving gear and therefore turns the driven gear in the same direction as the driving gear.

In any form of gearing the speed of the driven shaft depends on the number of teeth in each gear. A gear with 10 teeth driving a gear with 20 teeth will revolve twice as fast as the gear it is driving, and a 20-tooth gear driving a 10-tooth gear will revolve at half the speed. By using a train of several gears, the ratio of driving to driven speed may be varied within wide limits.

Internal, or annular, gears are variations of the spur gear in which the teeth are cut on the inside of a ring or flanged wheel rather than on the outside. Internal gears usually drive or are driven by a pinion, a small gear with few teeth. A rack, a flat, toothed bar that moves in a straight line, operates like a gear wheel with an infinite radius and can be used to transform the rotation of a pinion to reciprocating motion, or vice versa.

Bevel gears are employed to transmit rotation between shafts that do not have parallel axes. These gears have cone-shaped bodies and straight teeth. When the angle between the rotating shafts is 90°, the bevel gears used are called mitre gears.

 

Задание 2. Задания  по  тексту.

II. Переведите письменно текст на русский язык.

III. Задайте по одному специальному вопросу к абзацам 1,2 и 6.

IV. Просмотрите текст еще раз и ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию из текста.

1) What is the simplest gear?

2) What does the speed of the shaft depend on?

3) What do internal gears look like?

V. Выпишите из первых двух предложений 5-го и 6-го абзацев все сказуемые. Определите их залог и видовременную форму.

Задание 3. Грамматические задания.

VI. Переведите на русский язык предложения, обращая внимание на формы инфинитива.

1. There is nothing to argue about.

2. Here are the data to be processed.

3. They are glad to have received a letter from his son.

4. He was the last to arrive to the conference.

5. It was difficult for me to find the right solution.

 

VII. Переведите предложения на русский язык, подчеркните Complex Object.

1. Do you consider him to be an effective manager?

2. We heard him come in and close the door.

3. In spite of bad weather the instructor made the sportsmen continue their training.

4. He likes to watch his son play in the garden.

5. I believed you to have been shown this new device.

 

VIII. Переведите предложения на русский язык, подчеркните Complex Subject.

1. This picture proved to be the best at the exhibition.

2. The members of the committee are reported to be discussing a very important issue.

3. The weather seems to have improved.

4. They are supposed to be doing this work now.

5. These two scientists happened to work at the same problem.

 

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3.

Вариант II.

Задание 1. Текст по специальности.

I. Прочитайте текст.

 

HOOKE’S LAW

 

In 1676 Robert Hooke announced his discovery concerning springs. He discovered that when a spring is stretched by an increasing force, the stretch varies directly as the force. It was a simple law, accurate over a wide range, destined to play an important part in science and engineering. As you know from your own work, this relation holds for a steel spring with remarkable accuracy over a wide range of stretches. It holds for springs of other materials, perhaps best of all for a spiral of quartz (pure melted sand). The law is surprising and useful for the relation holds until the spring’s stretch is several times its original length. The law is remarkable not just for its simplicity but for its wide range. 

We meet similar Hooke’s law–behavior in many cases of stretching, compression, twisting, bending - all varieties of elastic deformations. The general form of Hooke’s law “stress / strain is constant” or “deformation varies directly as the deforming force” applies to all materials (within limits) and to many types of distortion. A wooden beam may be bent, or a hair-spring coiled up, through a large angle and still fit with Hooke’s law. Even a simple metal wire when stretched fits Hooke’s law over a surprising range of stretches – far beyond the tiny expansion caused by heating. Its atoms dragged apart against electrical attractions experience individual Hooke’s law forces. This general rule is called “Hooke’s law” in honour of Hooke’s discovery.

Once extracted, may scientific laws be discredited by the discovery of exceptions or limitations? Some scientists idealize laws. They take each law as simple and exact and award them much more permanent privilege. They take the view that the law is there, a clear statement of possible simple behaviour, with no question of its being wrong or untrue, it just states what it states. When we are trying to extract a law, we usually restrict our attention to particular aspects of nature. When we are finding Hooke’s law, our spring may be twisting, the loads may be painted different colours, the loads may even be evaporating, but we ignore those distractions. Or our spring may be growing hotter in an overheated laboratory; and then we find the stretch changing less simply.     

Задание 2. Задания по тексту.

Доцент кафедры ин.яз. Васильева Аида Алеговна

Контрольная работа № 3

по дисциплине «ИЯ в ПС» (английский)

для студентов групп 2824, 2825

Вариант определить по последней цифре номера зачетной книжки! Если цифра нечетная – 1 вариант, если цифра четная 2- вариант.

Для выполнения контрольной работы № 3 и получения зачета (экзамена) студент должен изучить следующие темы:

1. Устные темы (“Great Britain”)

2. Грамматические темы:

а) Инфинитив.

б) Инфинитивные конструкции.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3.

 

Вариант I.

 

Задание 1. Текст по специальности.

I. Прочитайте текст.

GEAR

 

Gear is a toothed wheel or cylinder used to transmit rotary or reciprocating motion from one part of a machine to another. Two or more gears, transmitting motion from one shaft to another, constitute a gear train.

At one time various mechanisms were collectively called gearing. Now, however, gearing is used only to describe systems of wheels or cylinders with meshing (постоянное зацепление) teeth. Gearing is chiefly used to transmit rotating motion, but can, with suitably designed gears and flat-toothed sectors, be employed to transform reciprocating motion into rotating motion, and vice versa.

The simplest gear is the spur gear, a wheel with teeth cut across its edge parallel to the axis. Spur gears transmit rotating motion between two shafts or other parts with parallel axes. In simple spur gearing, the driven shaft revolves in the opposite direction to the driving shaft. If rotation in the same direction is desired, an idler gear is placed between the driving gear and the driven gear. The idler revolves in the opposite direction to the driving gear and therefore turns the driven gear in the same direction as the driving gear.

In any form of gearing the speed of the driven shaft depends on the number of teeth in each gear. A gear with 10 teeth driving a gear with 20 teeth will revolve twice as fast as the gear it is driving, and a 20-tooth gear driving a 10-tooth gear will revolve at half the speed. By using a train of several gears, the ratio of driving to driven speed may be varied within wide limits.

Internal, or annular, gears are variations of the spur gear in which the teeth are cut on the inside of a ring or flanged wheel rather than on the outside. Internal gears usually drive or are driven by a pinion, a small gear with few teeth. A rack, a flat, toothed bar that moves in a straight line, operates like a gear wheel with an infinite radius and can be used to transform the rotation of a pinion to reciprocating motion, or vice versa.

Bevel gears are employed to transmit rotation between shafts that do not have parallel axes. These gears have cone-shaped bodies and straight teeth. When the angle between the rotating shafts is 90°, the bevel gears used are called mitre gears.

 

Задание 2. Задания  по  тексту.