Navigation opening and construction of Samara-Zlatoust railway

In the 19th century it was observed a gradual development of the manufacturing industry. There appeared works of metalworking and agricultural production. Economy began to develop and repairing shops of railway constructions were open. There appeared shipbuilding workshops, timber works as well as steam mills. Industry development initiated active trade, which expanded with navigation opening in 1859.

There were trade routes on the river Belaya where people carried products such as bread, salt, production of the iron-manufacturing industry. Despite that, Ufa was a small town because the population was equal to 4000 people and it was possible to come along 34 streets for 2 hours.

In 1885 construction of Samara-Zlatoust railway begun. Railway strengthened economic situation in the city. In 1898 first local power plant provided energy to Ufa citizens.

 

Тема 5

October revolution

 In 1917, when October revolution changed Russia’s future, Ufa was the city with population of 100 000 people. On the 26th of October, 1917 The Soviet Power came into the government. However, the situation changed quickly and The Russian Provisional government with the head of Kolchak took leader positions in the government.

  On July 5, 1918, several months after the establishment of the Soviet power, Ufa was captured by the anti-Bolshevik forces supported by the Czechoslovak Legion. Ufa was chosen to host the September 1918 State Conference of the anti-Bolshevik forces from all across the former empire. After the end of the Conference on September 23, Ufa became the capital of the Provisional All-Russian Government headed by Nikolai Avksentiev, better known as the Ufa Directory. Albeit it did not stay in Ufa for long, on October 9, 1918 it was relocated to Omsk while Ufa was recaptured by the Red Army in December 1918. During the Kolchak army offensive the Whites took the city again on March 13.              On the 9th of June, 1919 The Soviet Power returned and acquired finally the power over Ufa. The release of Ufa by legendary V.I.Chapaev contributed to that revolution.

  Revolution, followed by the civil war, almost destroyed local economy, and it was a hard work to restore it.

In 1922 Ufa province was eliminated and there appeared Bashkir ASSR, the capital of which became Ufa. After that, the city began to develop quickly and became the center of manufacture, transportation, science and culture of The Volga region and The Urals.

   People worked despite awful living conditions and other problems. Their work was a success – in 1925 largest industrial enterprises of Ufa resumed their work.

The city suffered from the lack of residential buildings – 283 new houses were built within seven years. Majority of Ufa streets changed their names after the revolution.     

  City administration did its best to make Ufa a pleasant place to live.

Тема 6

Development of Ufa in Soviet period

On June 14, 1922, after the enlargement of the Bashkir ASSR, Ufa became its new capital. During the 1920-1930s, the city went through the rise of heavy industry.

 In 1932 discovery of oil deposits changed Ufa’s destiny. Ufa Oil Refinery was opened in 1937. The discovery of oil in Bashkiria made Ufa one of the Soviet oil extracting and oil refining centers.

During World War II, a number of industrial enterprises of the western parts of the Soviet Union were evacuated to Ufa. The city also became the wartime seat of the Soviet Ukrainian government. Ufa citizens ranged against the menace and worked hard to help the country.

In the forties of XX century General development plan was approved – the city expected new schools, hospitals, cinemas and many more.

In 1956 Ufa absorbed the town of Chernikovsk.Population grew up to 500,000 inhabitants in the 1950s and to 1,000,000 in 1980.

Today Ufa is a modern city with supermarkets and new churches and mosques.

 

 

Раздел 3

Тексты песен

1.Let It Be (The Beatles)

When I find myself in times of trouble Mother Mary comes to me,2/

Speaking words of wisdom - Let it be.

And in my hour of darkness she is standing right in front of me,

Speaking words of wisdom - Let it be.

 

Let it be, [x4] whisper words of wisdom - let it be.

 

And when the broken-hearted people, living in the world agree,

There will be an answer: let it be.

For though they may be parted, there is still a chance that they will see:

There will be an answer - let it be.

 

And when the night is cloudy there is still a light that shines on me.

Shine until tomorrow, let it be.

I wake up to the sound of music, Mother Mary comes to me,

Speaking words of wisdom - let it be.