Переведите на русский язык слова и выражения из текста .

cathode tube

fluorescent

characteristics

luminosity

 conservation

visible

magnificent

compound

within a few weeks,

 in common use

 something like an accident

 through black paper

  Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

• What made fluorescent screen shine?

 

• Who had encountered these mysterious rays earlier?

 

• What are the most important characteristics of X-rays?

 

 

Вариант 10

Becquerel and Radioactivity

1. Within four months of the discovery of X-rays, Becquerel (1852-1909) in France thinking that X-rays must have something to do with luminosity, tried to find other bodies - mineralsand salts - showing similar properties. Becquerel's father had a magnificent collection of phosphorescent substances, and here was something like a real accident in the history of science again. He selected uranium salt and he saw that it showed the properties of radioactivity. The new mysterious rays from uranium were also capable to penetrate into matter, and they were produced without any apparatus, spontaneously, from apparently inert and permanent chemicals.

2. This was an ever greater shock to the physical and chemical ideas of the 19-th century. This was a shock to the doctrine of the conservation of energy.Where did the energy which was so apparent in these new radioactive compounds come from? It could only come from the atom itself. A very little amount of radioactive material gave off appreciable amounts of energy. This proved that energy was contained in the atom in the quantities undreamt of by users of the energies.

3.Once radioactivity was discovered scientific progress was fast - much faster, indeed than in any earlier period in the history of science.

Notes:

have something to do - имеют что-то общее

undreamt of - невообразимый.

 

Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

• What did Becquerel try to do?

• What was a shock to the doctrine of the conservation of energy?

• How did the discovery of radioactivity influence the scientific progress.

 

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Вариант 11

Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы

Albert Einstein

This German physicist is considered one of the world's greatest thinkers in history. Not only did he shape the way people think of time, space, matter, energy, and gravity but he also was a supporter of Zionism and peaceful living.

Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Germany, and spent most of his youth living in Munich, where his family owned a small shop. He attended schooling in Munich, which he found unimaginative and dull. In addition to this, he taught himself Euclidean geometry at the age of 12.

Later his family was forced to move to Milan, Italy where he then decided to withdraw from school at the age of 15. Eventually, he realized that he had to finish secondary school. On the other hand, he still often skipped class to study physics on his own.

At age 22, he became a Swiss citizen.

On the other hand, he published five major research papers at the age of 26.

The first paper was on Brownian motion in 1905.

The second paper laid the base of the photon, or quantum theory of light. It said that light is made off separate packets of energy, titled quanta or photons. The paper remade the theory of light. Also explaining the emissions of electrons from some solid objects when they are struck by light. Televisions are practical applications of Einstein's discoveries.

The third paper, which he began as an essay at age 16, contained the «special theory of relativity». He showed that time and motion are relative to the observer, and the speed of light is constant and natural laws are the same everywhere in the universe.

The fourth was a mathematical addition to the special theory of relativity. His fifth paper was his general theory of relativity.

In 1921, Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics for the confirmation of his general theory of relativity.

In 1933, he moved to the USA where he became a citizen in 1940. Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey, America on April 18,1955.

 

 

1. What is Albert Einstein famous for?

2. Why did Albert usually skip classes usually?

3. Why did Albert Einstein get doctorate in 1905?

4. Why was Einstein's second paper important?

5. What did the third paper contain?

 

5. What was presented in the fourth paper?

7. What theory did Einstein propose in his fifth paper?

 

8. What did Albert Einstein win the Nobel Prize for?

 

 

Вариант 12

 

Crimean Legend

 

Long-long ago in the Crimean village there were problems with water. So, the men dug seven wells that started to give some water to the local people.
Once, a German man was chosen as the head of the village. He was a wise man and he offered the people to take water free. So everybody was happy to get as much water as they needed.
That man had seven sons. The youngest, whose name was Fritz was the healthiest and strongest in the family. In his childhood he noticed that when some water was taken from the wells, it splashed on the ground. So he didn’t like that and once said to his father, “When I grow up, I’ll ask the village dwellers to pay for the water from the wells. They splash too much water on the ground”. “On, no!” said his father, “water is the most precious thing in this land. It should be free.”
A few years passed. The old German died. Then his six sons died of some disease one by one, and Fritz was made head of the village. He immediately made his wish come true. He said to the villagers that from that day they should pay for the water from the wells. All the wells were locked and Fritz kept the keys to the wells.
One day the village dwellers decided to rebel against Fritz because he told them they wouldn’t have any water for one day.
An old soldier came to the village. He was tired and thirsty and asked for some pure water. Fritz didn’t let him drink because the soldier had no money to pay for it. The soldier begged Fritz to help him. But it was all in vain. When the soldier was dying, he cursed Fritz.
After his death one of the wells was open but the water disappeared from it. When Fritz’s servant opened the other six wells and found no water there, he told it to his master. Fritz was furious. Thus he was punished for his cruelty.

EXERCISES:

1. Find in the text the English equivalents:

выкопали семь колодезей, глава деревни, проливалась на землю, самая драгоценная вещь на земле, он тотчас же осуществил своё желание, не позволил ему попить, умолял, всё это было напрасно, вода исчезла из колодца

2. Answer the questions:

1) Why did the men dig seven wells?
2) Who was chosen the head of the village?
3) How many sons did the German have?
4) What did Fritz dislike in childhood?
5) When did Fritz make his wish come true?
6) What did Fritz do with the wells?
7) Why couldn’t the old soldier drink any water from the well?
8) What happened to the wells after the soldier’s death?

 

 

Вариант 13

Text 1

Toscanini was a great musician. He lived in America. One day he came to a very little town. He was walking along the street when he saw a piece of paper in one of the windows. He read:

MRS.SMITH.MUSIC LESSONS.

TWO DOLLARS A LESSON.

Then Toscanini heard the music. Somebody was playing Tchaikovsky.

“Mrs. Smith is playing,” he thought, “she isn’t a very good musician. She doesn’t play Tchaikovsky well. I must show her how to play it.”

He went up to the door of the house and rang. The music stopped and soon a woman opened the door.

“Are you Mrs. Smith?” asked Toscanini. “My name is Toscanini and I want to show you how to play Tchaikovsky.”

Mrs. Smith was very glad to meet the great musician. She asked him to come in. Toscanini played Tchaikovsky for her and went away.

A year later Toscanini visited the same town again. When he went up to the house where he had played Tchaikovsky the year before he again saw a piece of paper. Now it read.

MRS.SMITH. (TOSCANINI’S PUPIL)

MUSIC LESSONS.

FOUR DOLLARS A LESSON.

1. Put “+” if the sentence is right and “-“if it is wrong.

1. Toscanini came to a very little town.
2. He liked how Mrs. Smith was playing.
3. He wanted to play the piano for her.
4. Tchaikovsky visited Mrs. Smith one day.
5. Mrs. Smith was a teacher of music.