Маркеры Future Perfect: by tomorrow, by 5 p.m. tomorrow, etc.

PresentPerfect

Обозначает действие, которое произошло в прошлом, но результат этого действия очевиден в настоящем. То есть это прошедшее действие, но связано с настоящим.

Образуется при помощи вспомогательных глаголов have, has (has для he,she,it) + смысловой глагол в третьей форме V3 (have, has+ V3).

Употребляется:

1) для выражения действия, совершившегося в прошлом, но имеющего результат в настоящем. Наличие такого результата связывает прошлое действие с настоящим;

Например. Whyhaveyouputonthecoat? It’swarmtoday. – Почему ты одел пальто? Сегодня тепло.

2) для выражения, как однократного действия, так и действия, повторявшегося несколько раз в прошлом (в предложении могут быть слова often, twice и др.) и в предложениях, отвечающих на вопрос how much / how many сколько:
Например. I have read that book twice. – Япрочиталэтукнигудважды.

3) Present Perfect употребляетсяснаречиями, обозначающимиещенеистекшиепериодывремени today, this week, this month, this year. Например. Have you listened to the radio today? – Выслушалисегоднярадио? Ithasnotrainedthisweek. – На этой неделе не было дождя (эта неделя не истекла).

Маркеры Present Perfect: for, since, already, yet, ever, never, just, so far, recently, lately, today, this week, this month, this year, how long, etc.

 

PastPerfect

Обозначает действие, которое совершилось к определенному моменту в прошлом.

Образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола had + смысловой глагол в третьей форме V3 (had + V3).

Употребляется:

1) для выражения действия, которое произошло и завершилось в прошлом;

Например. I had read this book by the end of September.– Я прочел эту книгу к концу сентября.

Еще это время называют предпрошедшим, то есть когда одно прошедшее действие произошло ранее другого прошедшего. Прошедшее действие, которое произошло раньше, переводится Past Perfect, а то, что позже – Past Simple.

Например. WhenI came home, mymom hadcooked themostdeliciousdinner. – Когда я пришел домой, моя мама приготовила вкуснейший ужин (ужин был уже приготовлен до моего прихода домой).

2) в придаточном предложении после союзов after и when в значении after:
Например. After the rain had stopped, we went for a walk.– Послетогокакдождьзакончился, мыпошлигулять.

Маркеры Past Perfect: by yesterday, by 3 p.m. yesterday, before, after, already, by the time, for, since, etc.

Mrs. Brown is on a pension. While working she was a prosperous lady. Tell your group mates about her achievements. All the sentences are in Present Perfect.

1. She /do /many different jobs. – She has done many different jobs.

2. She /travel /to many places. She ______________________________________.

3. She /do /a lot of interesting things. ____________________________________.

4. She /write /ten books. ______________________________________________.

5. She /meet / a lot of interesting people. _________________________________.

6. She /be /married five times. _________________________________________.

2. Insert the gaps with have/has + one of the following verbs (break, buy, do, go, go, lose, paint, read, take, finish).

1. “Are they still having dinner?” “No, they have finished. ”

2. I _________________________ some new shoes. Do you want to see them?

3. “Is Tom here?” “No, he __________________________________ to work.”

4. “__________ you __________ the shopping” “No, I’m going to do it later.”

5. “Where’s your key?” “I don’t know. I ___________________________ it.”

6. Look! Somebody ____________________________________ that window.

7. Your house looks different. _____________you ___________________ it?

8. I can’t find my umbrella. Somebody _____________________________ it.

9. I’m looking for Sarah. Where ________________ she ________________?

10. “Do you want the newspaper?” “No, thanks.I _____________________ it.”

 

3. Make up the questions starting with Have you ever …?

1. (to be / to Paris?) Have you ever been to Paris?

2. (play / golf?) Have you ever played golf?

3. (to be / to Australia?) ______________________________________________?

4. (lose / your passport?) _____________________________________________?

5. (sleep / in the park?) ______________________________________________?

6. (eat / Chinese food?) ______________________________________________?

7. (to be / to New York?) _____________________________________________?

8. (win / a lot of money?) _____________________________________________?

9. (break / your leg?) ________________________________________________?

10. (run / a marathon?) _______________________________________________?

11. (speak / to famous people?) ________________________________________?

12. (live / in another town) ___________________________________________?

 

4. Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets as in the

Example.

1. You went to Jill’s house but she wasn’t there. (she / go / out) She had gone out.

2. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn’t the same as before. (it/change/a lot) ______________________________________________.

3. I invited Rachel to the party but she couldn’t come. (she / arrange / to do something else) ____________________________________________________.

4. You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the cinema late. (the film / already / begin) _____________________________________________________.

5. I was very pleased to see Tim again after such a long time. (I / not / see / him for five years) _________________________________________________________.

6. I offered Sue something to eat but she wasn’t hungry. (she / just / have / breakfast) _________________________________________________________.

5. Read the situations and write sentences ending with before. Use the verb in brackets.

1. The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight. (to fly) He had never flown before. or He hadn’t flown before.

2. A woman walked into the room. She was a complete stranger to me. (see) I __________________________________________________________ before.

3. Simon played tennis yesterday. He wasn’t very good at it because it was his first game. (to play) He ________________________________________________.

4. Last year we went to Denmark. It was our first time there. (to be)

We ____________________________________________________________.