Ways of communication 4. Home is best2. The origin of the name 5. Variety of species3. Penguins’ diet 6. An amazing bird

 

 

A. The penguin is the only bird that cannot fly but is born to live in the sea. They also walk upright. Most penguins spend half of their lives in the ocean and the other half on the coast. They move very fast under the water and can even dive deep from the surface. All penguins are very skillful at catching fish. When not hungry, they often enjoy playing in the water.

 

 

B. Nobody knows for sure why they were called penguins. Some historians say that the word first appeared in the 16th century. According to some researchers, penguin derives from a Latin word that meant fat. Others believe that it has Welsh roots and means white head. Finally, the best-known explanation is that the word penguin comes from an old bird.

 

C. Penguins originate from the Southern hemisphere. They inhabit icy Antarctica. Most scientists believe there are 17 types of living penguins. They differ in colour, size and voice, and the climate they live in. The largest one is the emperor penguin, more than a meter high when standing. The smallest is the fairy penguin, 41 cm tall. The most angry-looking is the stone penguin; it cries out loudly and behaves aggressively.

 

D. Penguins live in big colonies. Scientists usually count the pairs of birds and chicks to know their total number. Penguins generally do not migrate great distances. When young birds grow up and become stronger they leave their colonies and may travel thousands of kilometers but they always return to their native land and their chicks hatch out¹ in a very harsh climate.

 

E. Penguins are the most sociable of all birds. They speak with each other individually. It helps partners to recognize each other and the chicks in a large colony. Researchers say that male and female calls are different. Besides, penguins use special signals for making contact at sea, for displaying themselves and for defending their territory - they won’t let a stranger approach closer than three metres.

 

Текст	A	B	C	D	E
Заголовок

 

_____

¹ to hatch out – вылупляться (из яйца)

 

 

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 83–88 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated).

 

Thomas Gainsborough

 

Thomas Gainsborough is a famous English portrait and landscape painter.He was born in England in 1727 and was one of nine children in the family of a wool merchant. His parents discovered the boy’s talent in an interesting and unusual way. Thomas spent his childhood in the country. Once, while walking near his father’s house, he saw a thief climbing over the wall of their neighbour’s garden. Thomas had a look at the man, went back home and drew a portrait of the thief. When his father told his family about the robbery, young Thomas showed him the picture. The portrait of the stranger was taken to the police. The portrait was so good and precise that the thief was caught and punished soon after.

Thomas’ mother encouraged her son's talent and Gainsborough made a rather impressive portfolio at a young age. By 10, the young artist had drawn quite a lot of local village landscapes, and added several caricatures.

His father was impressed by his works and allowed Thomas to go to London, where he studied at an academy in St. Martin's Lane.

The young artist painted landscapes. They were wonderful but were not selling very well. Soon the painter married and moved to Bath. To support his family Thomas started to paint portraits. And very soon Thomas Gainsborough became a well-known artist and a wealthy person.

Money allowed him to get into music. He learned to play several musical instruments and employed international musicians to play in his house. He once said, "I paint portraits to live, landscapes because I love them, and music because I can't leave it alone".

In his lifetime Thomas Gainsborough painted many pictures - more than 500. About 200 of these were paintings of people.

The painting of The Blue Boy is perhaps one of the best-known works by Gainsborough. Although the painter himself preferred landscapes, it is his portrait works that give him lasting fame.

Thomas Gainsborough died in 1788 at the age of 61. Major works by Gainsborough in Britain can be seen at the Tate Britain Gallery and the National Gallery (London), and the National Gallery of Scotland (Edinburgh).

 

 

Thomas Gainsborough’s father was a famous landscape painter.

 

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

 

Ответ:

 

 

Young Thomas helped the police to find a thief.

 

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

 

 

Ответ:

 

 

Thomas’ parents were against the boy’s wish to become an artist.

 

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

 

Ответ:

 

 

Thomas Gainsborough became rich and famous due to his portraits.

 

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

 

Ответ:

 

 

Thomas Gainsborough wrote several pieces of music.

 

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

 

Ответ:

 

 

The picture The Blue Boy is exhibited in the National Gallery in London.

 

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

 

Ответ:

 

Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами А–E и заголовками 1–6. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.