Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 3,4,5 и 6.

Вариант 1

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

1. direct current (d.c.) a. вращающий момент

2. alternating current (a.c.) b. двигатель с параллельным взбуждением

3. armature c. якорь (арматура)

4. winding d. источник энергии

5. field coil e. двигатель с последовательным возбуждением

6. load f. станок

7. circuit g. щетки

8. machine-tool h. постоянный ток

9. torque i. нагрузка

10. brushes j. двигатель со смешанным возбуждением

11. shunt motor k. катушка индуктивности

12. series motor l. обмотка

13. compound motor m. электрическая цепь (схема)

14. power supply n. переменный ток

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

synchronous motor; induction motor; single-, two-, three-phase motor; armature; constant speed motor; machine; manner; principal; pole; start.

 

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

Electric Motors

 

1) There is a wide variety of d. c. and a. c. motors. There are shunt motors, series motors, synchronous motors, induction motors, single-, two-, and three-phase motors. They are used to drive various machines.

2) Direct-current motors are of three principal kinds, and are named according to the manner in which their field coils are connected to the armature. They are named respectively: series, shunt, and compound.

3) In the series motors the field windings and armature are connected in series with each other. All the current which passes through the armature passes through the field coils. Starting under heavy load, a series motor will take a large current to provide the huge torque.

4) The field coils of shunt motors are connected direct across the brushes. The shunt motor may be called a constant speed motor, and is used for driving machine tools, lathes, wood-working machines and any machines requiring a steady speed.

5) The features of the shunt and series type of motors may be combined in one machine. This arrangement gives the compound motor. There are two windings on each field pole; a heavy or series winding for carrying the armature current, and a shunt winding connected to the power supply.

6) The compound motor may have a higher starting torque than a shunt motor and a more constant speed under changing load conditions than the series motor.

 

Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 3,4,5 и 6.

5. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1. What are electric motors used for?

2. What kinds of direct-current motors do you know?

3. How may shunt motor be called?

4. What features does compound motor combine?

5. What torque does series motor provide?

Ответы

a. It provides a huge torque.

b. They are used to drive various machines.

c. It combines the features of shunt and series motors.

d. It may be called a constant speed motor.

e. They are named shunt, series and compound.

 

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. Electric motors are used … a) direct across the brushes.

2. Direct-current motors are named according to … b) provides a huge torque.

3. The field coils of shunt motors are connected … c) to drive various machines.

4. Starting under heavy load, a series motor … d) the manner in which their field coils

are connected to the armature.

 

Вариант 2

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний:

1. direct current (d.c.) a. стационарная обмотка

2. alternating current (a.c.) b. щетки

3. armature c. катушка индуктора

4. stationary winding d. постоянный ток

5. load e. реверсивный (имеющий обратный ход)

6. excitation circuit f. якорь (арматура)

7. to induce g. преобразовывать, превращать

8. power h. переменный ток

9. rotating magnetic field i. побуждать, индуктировать

10. brushes j. поле возбуждения

11. to operate k. присоединять

12. field coils l. нагрузка

13. to convert m. мощность, энергия

14. reversible n. работать

15. to join o. вращающееся магнитное поле

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

synchronous motor; induction motor; single-, two-, three- phase motor; armature; machine; pole; rotor; generator; magnetic; construction; start; electromagnet; electrical energy; mechanical energy; commutator.

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

 

Вопросы

1. What kinds are a.c. motors divided into?

2. What main parts does induction motor consist of?

3. How may a.c. motor be used?

4. What are the basic parts of d.c. motors?

5. What are synchronous motors suitable for?

Ответы

a. They are suitable for large powers where the machine can be started up without load, and once started can work for long periods.

b. It may be used as either a generator or a motor.

c. They are divided into synchronous and asynchronous (induction) motors.

d. It consists of the stationary winding or stator, which sets up a rotating magnetic field and the rotating part of the motor, i.e. the rotor.

e. the armature and electromagnets (or field coils).

 

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. The most widely used a.c. motor is... a) synchronous motor.

b) induction motor.

 

2. The basic parts of a d.c. machine are... a) stator and rotor.

b) armature and field coil.

 

3. Motors for alternating current may be... a) single-phase and polyphase.

b) only single-phase.

 

4. When a rotor is placed in a rotating magnetic field... a) it converts electrical energy into

mechanical energy.

b) a large current is induced in it.

 

Вариант 3

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний:

1. device a. электродвижущая сила

2. reverse b. двигатель

3. engine c. медная проволока

4. moving coil d. щетки

5. copper wire e. внешняя рама

6. armature f. сердечник якоря

7. electromotive force g. обратный, противоположный

8. to rectify h. обмотка

9. the same polarity i. прибор, устройство

10. winding j. подвижная катушка

11. drum k. барабан

12. armature core l. подшипники

13. outer frame m. одинаковая полярность

14. bearings n. выпрямлять (ток)

15. brushes о. якорь, арматура

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интерна­циональные слова:

generator, mechanical energy, electric energy, transform, turbine, electromagnets, armature, commutator, electrolytic process, special, automobile, communication system, manufacturing process.

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

Вопросы

1. What is the function of a motor?

2. What are the essential parts of a generator?

3. Where are large generators employed?

4. What special purposes are generators of small capacities used?

5. What device converts mechanical energy into electrical one?

Ответы

a. They are employed in certain manufacturing processes, such as steel making.

b. A generator.

c. It transforms electric energy into mechanical energy.

d. They are used in arc welding, automobile generators, train lighting systems, etc.

e. They are: a) the magnetic field, which is produced by permanent magnets or electromagnets; b) a moving coil of copper wire, called the armature, wound on a drum.

 

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1.The essential parts of a generator are: …

a) the magnetic field, which is produced by permanent magnets or electromagnets;

b) a moving coil of copper wire, called the armature, wound on a drum.

c) stator and rotor.

2.The enormous energy of steam engines, gas engines, and water turbines can now be

transformed into electricity …

a) by means of motors.

b) by means of generators.

3.The d.c. generator of small capacities is used...

a) for various special purposes such as arc welding, automobile generators, train lighting

systems.

b) in certain manufacturing processes, such as steel making.

4. A device for converting mechanical energy into electric energy is called...

a) a generator.

b) a motor.

c) a transformer.

Вариант 4

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний:

1 alternating current a. применение

2. device b. изолированная катушка

3. application c. проволока, провод

4. insulated coil d. толщина

5. primary/secondary winding e. прибор, устройство

6. load f. оборот, виток

7. ring of iron g. высококачественная сталь

8. wire h. частота

9. strand i. нагрузка

10. high-grade steel j. петля, контур

11. frequency k. железное кольцо

12. thickness l. переменный ток

13. loop m. жила, кабель

14. turn n. первичная/вторичная обмотка

 

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интерна­циональные слова:

transformer, principle, operation, electrical energy, voltage, in parallel, function, maximum efficiency, factor, material, design.

3. Простите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

Transformers

1) One of the great advantages in the use of the alternating current is the ease with which the voltage may be changed by means of a relatively simple device known as a transformer. Although there are many different types of transformers and a great variety of different applications, the principles of operation are the same in each case.

 

2) A transformer consists of two insulated coils of wire linked with a ring of iron. The coils are called high-voltage and low-voltage windings, or primary and secondary windings. The primary winding is connected to the source of energy, and secondary is connected to the load. The high-voltage winding is designed for the higher voltage, and has the greater number of turns. The ring of iron is called the core.

3) Each coil consists of some loops of wire. Several strands may be used in parallel but electrically insulated from each other, from the core and from the other coil.

4) The core consists of thin sheets of high-grade silicon steel. The thickness depends somewhat on the frequency at which the transformer is to operate.

5) The main function of a transformer is to transform electrical energy from one alternating voltage to another. To transform large amounts of energy with maximum efficiency, many factors must be considered in determining the materials, design, and arrangement of the primary and secondary coils and the core.

 

Вопросы

1. What is the main function of a transformer?

2. How are called the coils in transformer?

3. What does the core consist of?

4. What is primary winding connected to?

5. What does the coil consist of?

Ответы

a. They are called primary or secondary winding.

b. It is connected to the source of energy.

c. It consists of some loops of wire.

d. to transform electrical energy from one alternating voltage to another.

e. It consists of thin sheets of high-grade silicon steel.

 

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. There are many types of transformers, but principles of their operation...

a) are different.

b) are the same.

1. The primary winding is connected …

a) to the load.

b) to the source of energy.

1. The main function of a transformer is...

a) to transform electrical energy into mechanical one.

b) to transform electrical energy from one alternating voltage to another.

4. High-voltage winding has...

a) greater number of turns.

b) less number of turns.

 

 

 

 

Вариант 1

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

1. direct current (d.c.) a. вращающий момент

2. alternating current (a.c.) b. двигатель с параллельным взбуждением

3. armature c. якорь (арматура)

4. winding d. источник энергии

5. field coil e. двигатель с последовательным возбуждением

6. load f. станок

7. circuit g. щетки

8. machine-tool h. постоянный ток

9. torque i. нагрузка

10. brushes j. двигатель со смешанным возбуждением

11. shunt motor k. катушка индуктивности

12. series motor l. обмотка

13. compound motor m. электрическая цепь (схема)

14. power supply n. переменный ток

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

synchronous motor; induction motor; single-, two-, three-phase motor; armature; constant speed motor; machine; manner; principal; pole; start.

 

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

Electric Motors

 

1) There is a wide variety of d. c. and a. c. motors. There are shunt motors, series motors, synchronous motors, induction motors, single-, two-, and three-phase motors. They are used to drive various machines.

2) Direct-current motors are of three principal kinds, and are named according to the manner in which their field coils are connected to the armature. They are named respectively: series, shunt, and compound.

3) In the series motors the field windings and armature are connected in series with each other. All the current which passes through the armature passes through the field coils. Starting under heavy load, a series motor will take a large current to provide the huge torque.

4) The field coils of shunt motors are connected direct across the brushes. The shunt motor may be called a constant speed motor, and is used for driving machine tools, lathes, wood-working machines and any machines requiring a steady speed.

5) The features of the shunt and series type of motors may be combined in one machine. This arrangement gives the compound motor. There are two windings on each field pole; a heavy or series winding for carrying the armature current, and a shunt winding connected to the power supply.

6) The compound motor may have a higher starting torque than a shunt motor and a more constant speed under changing load conditions than the series motor.

 

Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 3,4,5 и 6.

5. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1. What are electric motors used for?

2. What kinds of direct-current motors do you know?

3. How may shunt motor be called?

4. What features does compound motor combine?

5. What torque does series motor provide?

Ответы

a. It provides a huge torque.

b. They are used to drive various machines.

c. It combines the features of shunt and series motors.

d. It may be called a constant speed motor.

e. They are named shunt, series and compound.

 

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. Electric motors are used … a) direct across the brushes.

2. Direct-current motors are named according to … b) provides a huge torque.

3. The field coils of shunt motors are connected … c) to drive various machines.

4. Starting under heavy load, a series motor … d) the manner in which their field coils

are connected to the armature.

 

Вариант 2

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний:

1. direct current (d.c.) a. стационарная обмотка

2. alternating current (a.c.) b. щетки

3. armature c. катушка индуктора

4. stationary winding d. постоянный ток

5. load e. реверсивный (имеющий обратный ход)

6. excitation circuit f. якорь (арматура)

7. to induce g. преобразовывать, превращать

8. power h. переменный ток

9. rotating magnetic field i. побуждать, индуктировать

10. brushes j. поле возбуждения

11. to operate k. присоединять

12. field coils l. нагрузка

13. to convert m. мощность, энергия

14. reversible n. работать

15. to join o. вращающееся магнитное поле

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

synchronous motor; induction motor; single-, two-, three- phase motor; armature; machine; pole; rotor; generator; magnetic; construction; start; electromagnet; electrical energy; mechanical energy; commutator.

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения: