Разделительный вопрос. Disjunctive (or Tail) Question

Разделительный вопрос состоит из двух частей. Первая часть – это повествовательное предложение (утвердительное или отрицательное), вторая, отделенная запятой от первой – краткий вопрос (tail – “хвостик”): You are a pupil, aren’t you? You have tea for breakfast, don’t you? She has a nice house, hasn’t she?

Если в повествовательной части разделительного вопроса содержится утверждение, то во второй – отрицание. Если в повествовательной части содержится отрицание, то во второй части, как правило, – утверждение: You are a pupil, aren’t you? You aren’t a pupil, are you? You have tea for breakfast, don’t you? You don’t have tea for breakfast, do you? She has a nice house, hasn’t she? She hasn’t a nice house, has she?

Exercises

1. Составьте общие вопросы.

1. It was my parent’s car. 2. He is a sportsman. 3. Tomorrow we shall be at home. 4. I am fine. 5. He is your son. 6. I have a father. 7. She had two sisters. 8. We shall have one English class tomorrow. 9. My brother had a good flat. 10. They have clean thin paper.

2. Составьте специальные вопросы по модели, используя слова в скобках: 1. What bicycle did you have? (you – DVD player) – What DVD player did you have?

1. What bicycle did you have? (car – your father) 2. How many friends has Carol (children – Mr. and Mrs. Lewis; French books – this student) 3. How much money do you have? (bread – she – at home; coal – they) 4. What kind of car will John have? (TV set – they; DVD player – she) 5. Whose works do they have (note-books – students; pencils – this girl) 6. When will she have her classes? (he – his holiday; they – their rest) 7. How are you? (they; he; she) 8. Who is he? (that woman; absent today) 9. Where was her office? (their English books; his flat) 10. Which floor is your flat on? (his office; their room)

3. Составьте альтернативные вопросы.

1. Are you (we, they) … or …? (a student or a teacher; busy or free) 2. Is he (she, it) … or …? (old or young; big or small; good or bad) 3. Is this man (student) … or …? (in or out; in the room or in the street; in your or in our group) 4. Is this pen (man) … or …? (on or under the table; in his office or on holiday) 5. Was it… or …? (your parents’ or your neighbours’ car; her or her mother’s name) 6. Do (did, will) you have much work … or …? (now or tomorrow; tomorrow or the day after tomorrow; yesterday or the day before yesterday) 7. Have you (we, they) … or …? (a room or a flat, many or few children) 8.Has he (she, it) … or …? (a son or a daughter; much or little work) 9. Has he a flat … or …? (in New York or in Paris)

4. Закончите предложения, используя разделительные вопросы.

1. Mr. Fox is a good manager, …? 2. You are very busy now, …? 3. Ours is the market economy, …? 4. You are sure of you successful studies at the Academy, …? 5. Ann and Bess are not sisters, …? 6. You have a camera, …? 7. Our students will not have any examination in this subject. 8. He had a nice yacht, …? 9. She has no children, …? 10. Our manager has a lot of work, …?

Задайте

a) общие вопросы: 1. It is a plate. 2. It will be a nice plan. 3. It was an old pen. 4. It is a little flat. 5. It is a big bag. 6. It was a fine day. 7. It will be a nice film.

b) альтернативные вопросы: 1. This is a new tie. 2. This was a small room. 3. This is a thin notebook. 4. That is a green apple. 5. This was Lesson Two.

c) все возможные специальные вопросы, начинающиеся со слова what (what + глагол, what + существительное, what kind of): 1. This is a new blackboard. 2. This will be a nice room. 3. These are clean notebooks. Those are old chairs. 5. This is Flat Five. 6. That was an easy text. 7. It’s Kiev.

d) специальные вопросы, начинающиеся со слова where: 1. The books were in the bookcase. 2. The map was on the wall. 3. The students will be at the University. 4. Our teacher is in the classroom. 5. The bread is on the plate.

e) специальные вопросы, начинающиеся со слова who: 1) My mother is well. 2. My sister was absent. 3. Five students will be present. 4. My father is at home.

Задайте

a) специальные вопросы, начинающиеся со слов: what, what + существительное,what kind of, how many: 1. This worker had a lot of good books. 2. We have little bread. 3. I shall have two little rooms. 4. She has a few books at home. 5. We have (got) seven plates. 6. He had a nice film. 7. I shall have a new desk.

общие и альтернативные вопросы: 1. Peter had very many Russian books. 2. Her friend has a nice flat. 3. They have green apples. 4. Our students have good rooms. 5. I have a large family. 6. My son had green pencils. 7. I have a young father. 8. Ann will have a lot of free time.

Имя существительное.

Образование множественного числа имен существительных.

Существительные в английском языке, так же как и в русском языке, изменяются по числам: они могут употребляться в единственном и множественном числе.

1. Множественное число большинства существительных образуется путем прибавления окончания -s к существительному в единственном числе, которое читается:

а) как [z] после звонких согласных и после гласных: a bed - beds, a tie - ties;

б) как [s] после глухих согласных: a map - maps;

2. Существительные, оканчивающиеся на согласные ~s, -ss,

-ch, -sh, -x, о во множественном числе принимают окончание -es, которое читается [iz]: a box ~ boxes; potato - potatoes. Ho: pianos, photos, videos, zoos.

3. К именам существительным, оканчивающимся на у с предшествующей согласной, прибавляется окончание –es и у меняется на i: a city - cities. Если перед у стоит гласная, то никаких изменений не происходит, и множественное число образуется путем прибавления окончания –s: a day - days.

4. Множественное число существительных, оканчивающихся на f, образуется путем замены f согласной v и прибавлением окончания -es: a shelf- shelves.

5. Ряд существительных сохранили старое образование множественного числа путем изменения корневой гласной:

a man (мужчина) - men (мужчины), a woman (женщина) - women (женщины), foot (нога) - feet (ноги), tooth (зуб) - teeth (зубы), goose (гусь) - geese (гуси), mouse (мышь) - mice(мыши).

6. Существительные: ox, child образуют множественное число с помощью en: oxen, children.

7. Следующие существительные имеют одну и ту же форму для единственного и множественного числа:

deer (олень), sheep (овца), swine (свинья), fish (рыба), trout (треска), dozen (дюжина), score (счет), aircraft (самолет), salmon (лосось, семга).

8. Существительные: trousers (брюки), spectacles (очки), scissors (ножницы) имеют только форму множественного числа.

9. Существительные: wages (заработная плата), contents (содержание), clothes (одежда), riches (богатство), potatoes (картофель), onions (лук) имеют только форму множественного числа, тогда как в русском языке - форму единственного числа.

Exercises

1. Give the plural of the following nouns:

a) toe, city, hero, piano, calf, cliff, proof, chief, stitch, bath, belief, life, shelf, berry, valley, roof, pen, window, wall, week, clock, ship, library, watch, dress, country, glass, day, party, play, bus, leaf, life, colony, fox, half, mass, eye, language, place, key, thief, rav. bush month, journey;

b) foot, boot, ox, fox, man, woman, month, mouse, child, ship, goose, deer, cheese, sheep;

c) crisis, phenomenon, datum, nucleus, basis, apparatus, criterion, series, analysis, formula;

d) room-mate, fellow-worker, court-material, man-of-war, boy-messenger, onlooker, passerby, sister-in-law, postman, son-in-law, fisherman, schoolgirl, text-book, pocket-knife, statesman, editor-in-chief.

2. Change the number of the noun in italic type where possible and make all other necessary changes:

I. 1. Put the box on the shelf. 2.I was presented with a dozen handkerchiefs. 3. The boy must have two teeth pulled out. 4. The hunter got a prize for killing the wolf that had caused much damage to the village flock. 5. The child was bitterly crying over the broken toy. 6. He showed me a photo of his country house. 7. The scout brought some valuable information. 8. I bought a pair of nylon gloves. 9. I saw a mouse in the kitchen. 10. The ox drove a cart of hay.

II. 1. A very strange phenomenon was observed by astronomers yesterday. 12. Her hair was soft and curly.

III. 1. Boy drove the sheep to the village. 2. I have hurt my foot 3. This is a lady-bird 4. Where is the knife? 5. This factory has a good laboratory. 6. The last leaf fell from the free. 7. This story is very long. 8. The speech was very interesting. 9. He left the key on the table. 10. Where is the brush? 11. I like his new play. 12. The roof of the house was covered with snow. 13. The wife of the sailor stood on the shore. 14. My aunt has a goose.

IV. 1. The mice live behind the stove. 2. The keys to the boxes were lost. 3. The wolves have been shot. 4. The fish were caught. 5. We have good postmen in our area. 6. The cargoes will be discharged tomorrow.

3. Supply the missing words:

1. The stairs... worn by thousands of visitors. 2. Where... the scissors? -... are in the first drawer on the left. 3. The scales... broken. 4. How much did you pay for... trousers? -... were very expensive! 5. If your clothes... dirty, please put them in the laundry basket. 6. His old grandfather's watch... made of gold. 7. All their belongings... been destroyed in a fire. 8. My earnings (not)... high, but at least they regular, 9. These shorts... fit me at all!

4. Use the appropriate form of the verb:

1. "There... money in my pocket," I said to the porter (is, are). 2. I know my hair... beautiful, everybody says so (is, are). 3. These white swine... not live (does, do) 4. "this watch... a special favourite with Mr. Pickwick, having been carried about for a greater number of years,than we feel called, upon to state, at present (was, were)." 5, The deer... ravaging the man's fields (was, were). 6. Money... so scarce that it could fairly be said not to exist at all (was, were).