In pairs or small groups discuss the definitions for the following terms from the text.

nucleons span atomic weight

a Kelvin replicate give off reactor

to press generate power

6. Fill the gaps with the new words:

Ignite, surround, disrupt, mutual, scale, merge, harness

a. The material traversed by the charged particle is in a state of chemical combination, and then the moving field of electrical force may __________ the molecules.

b. Fractals are patterns that look essentially the same at any __________

c. Scientists all over the world have been trying to __________ the sun’s rays as a source of energy.

d. Ideas were again shared the Atlantic, but it still proved difficult to__________ a chain reaction in the laboratory.

e. In physics and nuclear chemistry, nuclear fusion is the process by which multiple atomic particles__________ to form a heavier nucleus.

f. They soon discovered a __________ interest in superconductivity.

g. Fermi found that, if the neutron source were __________ by water, or any substance containing a large proportion of hydrogen, it frequently was more efficient in producing radioactivity.

What does the author mean by saying the following? Choose the best explanation.

A. all elements heavier than hydrogen are cooked up

1. All the elements except hydrogen burn up at extreme temperatures;

2. All the elements whose atomic weight is bigger than hydrogen’s merge and release a lot of energy at extreme temperatures;

3. All heavy elements turn into light hydrogen at extreme temperatures;

B. We really are made of stardust

1. Our Earth is polluted by stardust;

2. Human bodies absorb a lot of star dust;

3. Everything on our planet is made of elements having been produced during fusion reactions on the Sun;

C. For two nuclei to merge, the forces that hold each one together must be overcome.

1. To make two nuclei join is very difficult because all nuclei have a positive charge, and they strongly resist being put too close together;

2. To make two nuclei join is difficult because gravitational force prevents it;

3. To make two nuclei join together is difficult because the strong force is more powerful than other forces;

D. They are decades off from achieving this in practice

1. In twenty years it will be possible to get energy from the first fusion reactors;

2. Nowadays scientists can’t predict when they will be able to get energy from the fusion reactors;

3. No scientists in the world are seriously working on getting artificial thermonuclear energy on our planet;

E. Fusion power is the holy grail of energy production

1. It will become the source of the unlimited clean energy;

2. It will be very profitable for energy industry;

3. It will completely change some laws in physics.

For each set find one word mentioned in the text that will fit all sentences.

(A)

1) They obtained the results like ___________

2) Men work in a ___________ to extract coal, gold and other minerals.

3) During a war soldiers use___________ to explode tanks.

(B)

1) A ___________ provides various financial services, for example keeping or lending money.

2) It’s located on the left ___________ of the Thames.

3) The sun disappeared behind a ___________ of clouds.

(C)

1) Only ___________ vehicles are allowed over the old bridge.

2) A ___________ was still burning in the room.

3) Don’t turn on the ___________. It’s not dark yet.

Fill in the gaps with words derived from the words in brackets.

1) ___________ (gas) condition is important, even at low pressures.

2) If we consider a distribution of hydrogen in equilibrium at zero temperature, the presence of the matter produces a___________ (curve) of space.

3) Brief descriptions of the most important instruments, and of the methods of observing the phenomenon along with the ___________ (criterion) used, are given in this chapter.

4) A high degree of accuracy is sometimes sacrificed for ___________ (simple) in order to meet these demands.

5) This fact is not representative of the connection between the movement of the plasma ___________ (regular) in the ionosphere and the state of the geomagnetic field.

6) During the experiment electric and magnetic fields cause ___________ (deflect) of moving charged nuclei which depend on the mass of the nuclei.

7) In atomic reactions electrons are conserved and act as ___________ (destruct) particles.

8) It can support entirely new kind of ___________ (compute) with___________ (quality) new algorithms based on quantum principles.

9) Both ___________ (radius) of curvature may be changed, but the difference in curvature is kept constant by bending the lens.

10) These systems produce a ___________ (sphere) focal surface, and when they are used for cameras the film must be curved to fit this focal surface.