Communication: advice grammar: relative clauses

a) How to give advice:

Why don't you

I think

you should you'd better you ought to

go to the seaside.

b) How to accept a piece of advice:

that sounds a good idea Yes, I'll do that.

I'll certainly try that.

Thank you. All right.

Yes, certainly. Very well.

/. Listen to the dialogues and learn them:

1.— I've lost my passport.

— You ought to report it to the police immediately.

2. — The last train goes in five minutes. I think you'd better hurry

up.

— I'll do that.

3. — I've got an awful toothache.

— You'd better go and see the dentist.

4. — I'm taking my exams soon.

— You must work hard to pass them.

5. — I often oversleep in the morning.

— Why don't you buy an alarm clock?

— I'll certainly do that.

6. — Steve, you are too fat. You really should watch your weight.

You shouldn't drink so much beer.

— I know I shouldn't, but I like it.

— Well, then, you should get more exercise.

— Yes, I know, but I never have time.

7. — Your car has a bad engine. Why don't you buy a new car?

— I'll certainly do that.

8. — I feel seasick.

— Perhaps you'd better go straight down to the cabin and lie down. You are not a very good sailor.

— That's right.

9. — I'm afraid I'm getting overweight.

— Why don't you go in for sports? It will do you good.

— That sounds a good idea. Thank you.

10. — Your eyes are infected. You ought to consult a specialist.

— I'll do that.

11. — I'm having my holidays in a week.

— Why don't you go to the seaside?

— I'll certainly try that.

12. — I have so many things to do tomorrow and I have an

appointment for 5 o'clock.

— I think you'd better cancel the appointment.

— All right.

13. — I'm going to stay at the Ramada Hotel.

— You'd better book accomodation well in advance.

//. Respond to the statements giving advice. Use:

a) You'd better...

e.g. — I have a terrible headache, (take an aspirin) — You'd better take an aspirin.

1. I haven't enough literature for my report, (go to the library) 2. Our seats are far from the stage, (take opera-glasses) 3. I think

I've lost my way. (ask a policeman) 4. I'm going to fly there, (go by train) 5. It is very cold today, (stay at home) 6. I'm going to send her a letter, (a telegram)

b) You should...

e.g. — There's something wrong with my TV set. (take it to the

repair shop)

— You should take it to the repair shop. 1. The suit fits you perfectly, (buy) 2. The book is very intere­sting, (read) 3. The film is exciting, (see) 4. I don't know how to lo­se weight, (eat less) 5. I'm afraid I might be late, (take a taxi) 6. This dictionary is very good, (buy)

c) You ought to...

e.g. She is so busy now. (help) You ought to help her.

1. The doctor advised me to rest in the country, (follow his advice) 2. The traffic is heavy here, (cross the street carefully) 3. She looks tired. (she, have a rest) 4. I doubt the results of the experiment, (check them again) 5. I don't know how to get there, (find out at the inquiry office) 6. He is your uncle, (invite)

d) Why don't you...

e.g. — I can't repair my car. (ask James to do it)

— Why don't you ask James to do it?

1. I don't like my present job. (change) 2. I'm in love with Monica, (marry her) 3. My car has been stolen, (report it to the police) 4. This dress looks smart, (buy) 5. There's an interesting exhibition at the Palace of Sports, (go) 6. Fishing is exciting, (try)

///. Advise your friend to (not to):

work harder; worry less; go to bed so late; spend so much mo­ney; take things easy; go in for sports; give up smoking; see the football match; consult the doctor; have a rest; get more exercise; buy a car

Your friend will accept your advice.

IV. Translate into English (self check):

1. — Я не сдал экзамен по английскому языку.

— Я думаю тебе следует больше работать.

— Да, конечно.

2. — У меня очень тяжелый чемодан.

— Тебе следует оставить его в камере хранения.

— Я так и сделаю.

3. — Я поправляюсь. Мне это не нравится.

— Почему бы тебе не заняться спортом?

— Спасибо. Хорошая мысль.

4. — Я хочу съездить в Брест на выходные.

— Тебе следует заказать билет заранее.

— Спасибо. Я так и сделаю.

5. — Лучше бы ты перевела этот текст завтра утром. Сейчас

уже поздно.

— Я хочу закончить его сегодня.

6. — Тебе не следует тратить столько времени на чтение. Ты бы

лучше проводила больше времени на воздухе.

— Ты права.

7. — Я собираюсь позвонить Роберту завтра.

— Почему бы тебе не позвонить сегодня?

— Его не будет дома. Он сказал, что уезжает в командировку на пару дней и вернется только завтра.

8. — Ты должен помочь Ане по математике.

— Да, конечно.

9. — Почему бы вам не купить домик у моря?

— Мы как раз собираемся сделать это.

10. — Ты очень бледна. Тебе следует проконсультироваться с врачом.

— Я обязательно сделаю это.

V. Listen to the conversations, read and learn them: 1. Tom: What's the matter, Jenny? You look worried. Jenny: Yes... I'm trying to lose weight. Tom: Oh, you don't need to lose weight. Jenny: Oh, I do! I've just bought some new jeans and I

can't get them on. They are too tight. Tom: Well, you should go on a diet. Jenny: I know, but what kind of diet? Tom: You should eat lots of salad and fruit. Jenny: Yes, but I don't like salad... I prefer meat. Tom: Well, you can eat meat, but you shouldn't eat too much

You shouldn't eat bread or potatoes, either. Jenny: What about alcohol? Can I drink wine? Tom: Oh, no, you should never drink alcohol.

2. Wendy: Hello, Charles... you look tired today. Charles: Yes, I'm working too hard.

Wendy: You should take a holiday.

Charles: Yes, I know I should... but we're just too busy. I'm

working twelve hours a day.

Wendy: Twelve hours! You're going to kill yourself! Charles: Well, what can I do? Wendy: Perhaps you should change your job. Charles: I can't... I need the money!

3. Max: What's the matter, Peter? You don't look very happy. Peter: I'm not. I'm worried about my English.

Max: What's the problem?

Peter: I'm not practising enough.

Max: Why not?

Peter: Well, it's difficult to meet English people.

Max: You should go out more.

Peter: Where should I go?

Max: You should go to pubs, you should join a club.

Peter: But English people never speak to me.

Max: Ah! You should speak first.

Peter: What can I talk about?

Max: The weather! English people are always interested in

the weather! 4. David: You look rather tired this morning, Father. What's the

matter? Aren't you feeling well? Father: Not very well, I'm tired. I slept badly last night. I've

been suffering from insomnia lalely.

David: I'm very sorry, Father. You ought to go and see a doc­tor. Father: I consulted the doctor two weeks ago and he prescribed

me some tablets. But they don't seem to do me any good. David: I think you should go in for sports. Why don't you try

jogging? It's so popular these days. Father: That sounds a good idea. I've thought about it myself.

I hope it works.

VI. Act out the following situations:

1. Your friend wants to lose weight. Tell him/her what he/she should do.

2. Someone wants to learn your language. Tell him/her what he/she should do.

3. A friend of yours asks you for advice. Не/she doesn't like his/her job; is short of money; doesn't like the place where he/she lives. Advise your friend.

VII. Read the conversation and say what Harry should or shouldn't do according to Steve:

Harry: I don't feel very well.

Steve: Well, I'm not surprised. You don't get enough sleep.

You always go to bed late. And you are working too hard. Harry: Yes, you're right. I'm always tired these days. I think I

need a holiday.

Steve: Yes, that's probably a good idea. And you also smoke too

much!

Harry: Yes, that's true. Steve: You don't get enough fresh air. You stay indoors all the

time 275

relative clauses

Illustrative Situations

/. Study these example situations:

1. That (or which), subject, for things:

This is the plane that took me to Switzerland

These are two of the steamers that take people round the lake.

2. That (or which), subject, for animals: This is the dog that bit him.

This is the kitten that was found yesterday

3. Who (or that), subject, for persons: That's the man who loves Jane.

A man who drives a car when he is tired may be a dangerous driver. Accidents sometimes happen to people who are usually careful.

4. That (or which), object, for things or animals:

Here are some of the things (that) you may hear in a London

bus.

These are the books (that) I borrowed from Mr Brown.

5. That (or whom), object, for persons:

The man (that, whom) you saw in my office was Mr Green Is she the woman (that, whom) we met yesterday?

6. That (or which), prepositional object, for things: This is the hotel (that) I stayed in.

This is the hotel in which I stayed. That's the hut (that) we slept in.

7. That (or whom), prepositional object, for persons:

The man (that) 1 lent my dictionary to hasn't brought it back. The man to whom I lent rny dictionary hasn't brought it back. Who was the woman (that) you were talking to when I saw you yesterday?

Who was the woman to whom you were talking when I saw you yesterday?

8. Whose, possessive, for persons:

Those are the people whose house I stayed at.

That is the man whose daughter John is going to marry.

// Listen to the conversations and learn them.

At a Party Steve: Look, that's the man who knows Jeff well. His

name's Carver.

Jill: And who is the woman who is talking to Mary?

Steve: 1 think she's the woman who works in Mary's

office. Бе careful, Jill. Don't sit on that chair. It's the one that's wet. I spilt beer on it! I'm going to have some of that food now.

jiU- Don't eat too much. Those are all things which

will make you fat. Steve: But I like food that makes me fat.

At a Bookshop

Customer: I bought two expensive dictionaries here half an

hour ago, but I forgot to take them with me. Manager: Who served you, sir?

Customer: The lady who is standing behind the counter. Manager: Did you serve this gentleman half an hour ago,

Miss Roberts? He says he's the man who bought

these books. Miss Roberts: I can't remember, sir. The man whom I served was

wearing a hat.

Manager: Have you got a hat, sir? Customer: Yes, I have. Manager: Would you put it on, please? Customer: All right.

Manager: Is this the man that you served. Miss Roberts? Miss Roberts: Yes, sir. I recognize him now.

Back from Australia

Bill: Look, Bob. This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia.

Bob: Let me see it, Bill.

This is a good photograph. Who are these people?

Bill: They're'people I met during the trip. That's the ship we travelled on.

Bob: What a beautiful ship! Who is this?

Bill: That's the man I told you about. Remember?

Bob: Ah yes. The one who offered you a job in Austra­lia.

Bill: That's right.

Bob: Who's this?

Bill: Guess!

Bob: It's not you, is it?

Bill: That's right. I grew a beard during the trip but I shaved it off when I came home.

Bob: Why did you shave it off?

Bill: My wife didn't like it!

Practice

/. Join the sentences. Use "who", "whom" or "which": e.g. She is the girl. She met me yesterday.

She is the girl who met me yesterday. e.g. She is the girl I met her yesterday.

She is the girl whom 1 met yesterday. e.g. This is the book. I bought it yesterday. This is the book which I bought yesterday.

1. This is the car. The mechanic repaired it yesterday. 2. He's the man. I invited him to the party. S.These are the things. I boughi them yesterday. 4. He's the man. He came here last week. 5. He is the policeman. He caught the thieves. 6. She is the nurse. She looked after me. 7. I'm the person. I wrote to you. 8. They are the people. I saw them yesterday. 9. They are the trees. We cut them down yesterday.

//. Join the sentences. Use "that":

e.g. That's the doctor. He gave me the tablets.

That's the doctor that gave me the tablets, e.g. That's the car. It won the race.

That's the car that won the race.

1. That's the man. He stole my car. 2. That's the football club. It won every game last year. 3. That's the school. It has the best reputation. 4. That's the factory. It makes good cameras. 5. That's the shop. It sells foreign books. 6. That is the girl. She told me about you. 7. That's the teacher. He is going to give the lesson. 8. That is the word. It sounds unnatural.

///. Join these sentences together:

e.g. She is the girl. I met her yesterday.

She is the girl I met yesterday, e.g. This is the book. I bought it yesterday.

This is the book I bought yesterday, e.g. This is the ship. I travelled on it.

This is the ship I travelled on.

1. She is the woman. I drove her to London. 2. That's the film. I saw it. 3. That's the man. I spoke to him. 4. They are the thieves. The police caught them. 5. These are the letters. I typed them. 6. The­se are the people. You asked me about them. 7. These are the shoes. The boy took them off. 8. This is the man. I served him. 9. That's the house. He's going to buy it. 10. That is the girl. I dan­ced with her. 11. That's the book. She's been reading it. 12. That is the man. I love him. 13. That's the plane. I flew in ft. 14. There's the house. We used to live in it. 15. There's the bridge. We crossed it. 16. This is the man. I want to see him. 17. This is

the girl. 1 want to marry her.->18v-This is the word. I don't know it. 19. That's the thing. I don't understand it. 20. That's the school. I study at it.

IV, Make progressive substitutions:

e.g. That's the man that makes chocolate. who= That's the man who makes chocolate.

10. the shop that

11. the man that

12. who

13. gives money away

14. the organisation that

15. helps old people

1. sells chocolate

2. the shop that

3. buys old books

4. the student that

5. who

6. the teacher who

7. has a good reputation

8. the firm that

9. repairs radios

V. Answer the questions:

e.g. There is Judy. She works in the newsagent's. There is Ruth. She works in an office. Which girl is Judy? She is the girl who works in the newsagent's.

1. There is my car. It is outside the garage. There is Bob's car. It is outside the theatre. Which car is Bob's car?

2. There is Tom. He is always hungry. There is Bob. He does not talk much. Which man is Bob?

3. There is John's house. It has a lot of windows. There is Pat's house. It has four floors. Which house is John's house?

4. There is our hotel. It looks expensive.

There is the Hunts' hotel. It has seventy-five bedrooms. Which hotel is your hotel?

5. There is Guy's coat. It is on the chair. There's Mike's coat. It seems old.

Which coat is Guy's coat?

6. There is Sue. She is coming out of the shop. There is Judy. She is going into the shop. Which girl is Judy?

7. There is Mum. She is talking to the waiter.

There is Aunt Ann. She is drinking a glass of water. Which woman is Aunt Ann?

8. There are Simon's football boots. They are under the table.

There are Peter's football boots. They are on the chair. Which football boots are Peter's?

VI. Put a relative pronoun "who", "whom", "which" or "that" into these sentences (if necessary):

1. The only games... I play are football and tennis. 2. We don't know the man... lives here. 3. He is the only student...understands English well. 4. Have you sent the book... I left on this tablet 5. The policeman is looking for the man... left his car in the street. 6. I gave him the book... I was reading. 7. This is the hotel at... we are staying. 8. Is this the money... you lost? 9. The car. he is driving is not his. 10. This is the man... we saw at the sta­tion yesterday. 11. Those... have finished their work may go home. 12. This is the horse... won the race. 13. He is the sort of person... everybody admires. 14. This is the plane... took me to Pa ris. 15. Mr West put the bag... he was carrying on the table 16. The table... he put the bag on was near the door. 17. Both the letters... came this morning are bills. 18. That's the music,.is popular. 19. That is the city... I was born in. 20. This is the island... was bought by a millionaire. 21. This is the hotel... was built last year. 22. The book... you lent me is not very interesting 23. The flowers... I love best are roses. 24. The man... you met yesterday is an actor.

Fluency

/. Listen to the conversation "Holidays in Switzerland" and answer the questions:

George: Good evening, Mary. I'm glad to see you. Come in.

Mary: Hullo, George! I haven't seen you for several weeks. You've been away from home, haven't you?

George: I've been in Switzerland. I got back yesterday.

Mary: I hope you had a good holiday. Did you enjoy yourself?

George: Very much. Shall I show you some of my photographs?

Mary: Oh, do, please. I like looking at photographs.

George: Here they are. This is the plane that took me to Switzer­land.

Mary: Oh, you went by air, did you? Do you like flying?

George: Yes, I like flying. I think it's much better than going by rail and steamer. The air-liners of British European Air­ways are very comfortable. They've carried millions of passengers quite safely. And of course flying is much quicker. Here's another photograph.

Mary: That's you, isn't it? Who's the girl at your side?

George: That is a girl who was with me in the plane. We became

quite friendly and spent a lot of time together. Mary: And who is the girl in this photograph? George: She is a girl who was staying at my hotel in Interlaken.

I became quite friendly with her, too.

Mary: Well, here's another girl! That's three! Who's this girl? George: She's a girl who went up several mountains with me.

She was staying at my hotel too. She's very fond of climb­ing, so we often went climbing together. Mary: You like the girls and the girls like you. What's this?

It's a train, isn't it? George: Yes, that's a train on the railway that goes up the

Jungfrau. Mary: You said you went climbing! Did you go up the Jungfrau

by train? That isn't climbing. George: The railway doesn't go to the top! We climbed from the

end of the railway.

Mary: Here's a photograph of a steamer. George: That's a lake steamer. It takes passengers round one

of the two lakes at Interlaken. Interlaken is between the

two lakes. Mary: That's what the name Interlaken means, isn't it? Who

are these three men? George: The man on the left is an Italian who has climbed most of

the mountains in the Swiss Alps. The man in the middle is

a Frenchman who has done a lot of climbing in the

Pyrenees. The third man, on the right, is a Swiss guide.

He's the man who took us up several mountains. You

must have a good guide in the Alps. It is dangerous to

climb alone.

Mary: And what's this? George: That's one of the mountain huts we slept in when we

were doing a two-day climb. Mary: And this? It's a hotel, isn't it? George: Yes, that's the hotel I stayed in while I was in Geneva

for a few days.

Mary: That's a pretty little village. George: Isn't it? It's a place where I stayed for two days after

my longest climb. I was very tired. Mary: And who are these people?

George: They're the people at whose house I stayed in the village. Mary: Well, you certainly had a good holiday. George: Yes, I enjoyed every minute of it. I hope I shall be able to

go again next summer.

Questions: Where did George spend his holidays? Did he have a good time? What did he do during his holidays?

//. Listen to the conversation again and pick out the relative clauses.

III. Role play the conversation.

IV. Situation: You've just returned from your holidays. You had a very good time. At the moment you are speaking to your friend about your holidays and showing him/her your photographs.

V. Listen to the texts describing pictures, learn the texts and describe your own pictures in the same way.

1. Nick Owen is a guide for Britannia tours. Some new tourists have just arrived in Exmouth. He's showing them around the town.

"I'm sure you'll enjoy your stay here. There's the beach that's the safest for swimmers. The other beaches aren't as good. And that's the shop that sells picnic lunches. Over there's the shop that sells souvenirs. I'll meet you back here at four o'clock.

2. Paul's showing Angela some holiday photos.

"Look... this is the hotel I stayed in... and here's the restaurant I used to go to. I used to eat there every day. This is the beach we used to lie on. It was a marvellous holiday."

3. Anne's just had an accident. She's telling a policeman about it.

"The car in front of me stopped suddenly. I managed to stop, but the van behind me didn't. It hit my car and pushed it into the car in front. There's my car. There's the van that hit my car. And that's the car my car hit."

4. Paul's showing Angela an old school photo.

"The headmaster's in the middle. He's the one that taught us Latin. His lessons were very boring. The fat one on the left is Mr Bunter. He's the one that used to hit us with a cane. Mr Cher­ry's on the right. He's the one that taught us French... and football. 1 was never bored at his lessons."

5. This is a picture of Ronald Rigg. He's the man the police arrested yesterday. He's standing next to P. C. Martin. Mar­tin's the policeman that caught him.

VI Listen to the conversation "A Court Case", read and role-play the conversation:

A few months ago there was a bank robbery in Stanford The police arrested a man and a woman. They're in court now A woman saw the robbery. She's standing in the witness box. The judge and the twelve members of the jury are listening to her A lawyer is asking her some questions.

Lawyer: Now, Miss Dexter. You saw the bank robbery,

didn't you?

Miss Dexter: Yes, I did.

Lawyer: You saw a man, didn't you?

Miss Dexter: That's right. I saw him when he went into the bank

and when he came out.

Lawyer: Now, look around the court... can you see that man?

Miss Dexter: Yes'. He's the man I saw.

Lawyer: He wasn't alone when he went into the bank, was he?

Miss Dexter: No, he was with a woman. Lawyer: Now, look around the court again... can you see

that woman?

Miss Dexter: Yes, there! She's the woman! saw. Lawyer: I see, Miss Dexter. Now look at the man and woman

again. This is very important. Are you absolutely

sure about them?

Miss Dexter: Absolutely sure. They're the people I saw. Lawyer: Now, Miss Dexter. What was the man wearing

when he went into the bank? Miss Dexter: I don't remember everything... but I remember his

hat and his bag.

Lawyer: Look at the hat on the table. Is that the hat?

Miss Dexter: Yes, that's the hat he was wearing. Lawyer:... and the bag?

Miss Dexter: Yes, that's the bag he was carrying. Lawyer: Do you remember anything about the woman?

Miss Dexter: Yes. She was wearing a blonde wig and black plat­form shoes.

Lawyer: How do you know it was a wig, Miss Dexter?

Miss Dexter: Because it fell off when she was running to the car. Lawyer: Look at the wig on the table. Is that the wig?

.Miss Dexter: Yes, that's the wig she was wearing. [.Lawyer:... and the shoes... look at the shoes.

I Miss Dexter: Yes, they're the shoes she was wearing. Lawyer: Thank you, Miss Dexter.

Self check /. Translate into English:

I. Это дом, в котором я живу. 2. Это кольцо, которое он мне подарил. 3. Машина, которая была найдена вчера, принадлежит ее брату. 4. Вазу, которая здесь стояла, вчера разбили. 5. Муж­чина, с которым она разговаривает, мой начальник. 6. Девушка, которая принесла телеграмму, выглядела очень усталой. 7. Это гостиница, которая была построена в прошлом году. 8. Чело­век, о котором вы говорите, находится в соседней комнате. 9. Вот тот студент, которого мы видели вчера в театре. 10. Книга, кото-

рую я читаю, очень интересная. 11. Вчера я встретил ста­рого школьного приятеля, которого я сразу узнал 12. Он самый интересный человек, которого мне когда-либо приходилось встре­чать. 13. Это вещь, которая мне нужна. 14. В нашем учреж­дении есть много людей, которые хорошо говорят по-англий­ски. 15. Студент, чью тетрадь я вам показал, учится очень хо­рошо. 16. Где письмо, которое я дал тебе почитать? 17. Он под­нял сверток, который она уронила. 8. Вот деньги, которые вы потеряли. 19. Это город, в котором я родился. 20. Это чело­век, который помог мне. 21. Это новость, которая всех удивила 22. Кто та девушка, на которую ты смотришь? 23. Это школа, в которой я училась.

КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

UN IT I

Exercise I, p. 18

1. I have done; 2. The delegation has already arrived... we haven't spoken; 3. I read... I haven't read; 4. Have you made; I haven't made; 5. She has gone; 6. Have you ever been; I have been; 7. I have played... the summer began; 8. We haven't seen... we saw; 9. He has had; He has broken; 10. Have you finished; I have just begun; 11. have you brought; 12. Have you ever found; I haven't; 13. Has Mr West sold; he has; He sold; Has he moved.

Exercise II, p. 19

1. Have you ever played chess with Victor? Does he play chess well? — I don't know. I have never played chess with him. 2. How is Ann? I haven't seen her lately.— She is fine, thank you.— And how is your son? Has he finished school? — Yes, he is a student already. 3. I must pack the suitcase.— Don't worry, I have already packed it. 4. My nephew is only 5, but he has already learnt to read well. 5. Have you ever been to England? — Yes, I was there two years ago. 6. What h^s happened? — I have broken my favourite cup. 7. We have bought a new TV set. I like it very much. 8. Nina is very upset. She hasn't passed her exam. 9. Will Nick come to the party? — No, he has gone away on business. 10. Shall we watch TV tonight? — I haven't repaired it yet. 11. Have you signed the documents? — Yes, you may take them.

Exercise I, p. 25

1. Have you heard; He has broken; How did that happen; 2. I have just returned; Did you go; How long did you stay. 3. Have you had; Did you cut; Ann cut; 4. Somebody has spilt; it wasn't me; it was; 5. Did you see; 6. Somebody has taken; 7. I didn't eat... I didn't feel; 8. Why didn't Jim want; He was; 9. he has gone out; did he go out; 10. Have

you seen, I have; I saw; did you think; I didn't like; 11 I went; Have you ever been; Barbara has already been; She loved, she has never eaten; What did you order, I had...Mary tried; They were both, 12. I have never been; I went; I did; Have you ever been; a friend of mine stayed; He enjoyed.

Exercise II, p. 25

I. I have never been to China, but I have been to Japan. It was three years ago. 2. Where is my textbook? I have just left it here. Has anybody been here? 3. Kate went to the cinema two hours ago and she hasn't come back yet. 4. Has Victor repaired the TV set? — Not yet. 5. Have you booked the tickets yet? — Not yet.-—Why didn't you do that yesterday? — I forgot all about that. 6. Have you ever been to the Bolshoi theatre? — Yes.— What did you see? — "Swan Lake".— Did you enjoy the ballet? — Yes, the music is wonderful, the dancing was superb.

UNIT 2 Exercise VIII, p. 29

1. They seem to know each other. 2. He seems to be very clever. 3. I'm looking forward to meeting you. 4. Nick ottered me his tent, but I refused. 5. I suggested starting on Friday mor­ning. My friends agreed. 6. Tomorrow I'm going away on business Nina has offered to look after my son. 7. His offer to help surprised us. 8. Ann suggested spending our holidays in Yalta. I liked her suggestion.

Exercise I, p. 34

A. what are you and your sister going; I don't know; What are you doing; We are going; Where do you go; We have tried... we prefer; Do you take.. stay; we are taking: It'll be; it is; I'll talk., she thinks.

B. Postcards always spoil; I went; I visited...sat; A friendly waiter taught; he lent; I read... I didn't understand; I thought; My holidays passed... I didn't send; I made; I got up...bought; I spent... I didn't write.

Exercise II, p. 35

— Hullo, Andrew! Glad to see you.— Hullo, Victor! I haven't seen you for ages. Where have you been all this time? — You see, I've just returned from England. Have you ever been there? — I'm sorry but I haven't been there. But I'm going there next year. Did you enjoy your trip? — Certainly. London is one of the most beautiful cities I've ever seen. I stayed there for two weeks and

I had a good time. Come to see me one of these days. I'll show you my pictures.— All right. See you soon.

UNIT 3 Exercise I, p. 44

1. Victor has just returned from London. I haven't seen him since last year. 2. How long have you been married? — Three years. 3. Have you ever read English books in the original? — No. I have been studying English only half a year. 4. Where have you been? I have been waiting for you since five o'clock. 5. What are you doing now? — I have been typing for two hours already. 6. I haven't seen your sister lately.— She has been in the Crimea the whole month. 7. Who has taken my dictionary? I have been looking for it for half an hour. 8. I'm tired. I have been working in the garden all day long. 9. How long have you been preparing for your exams? — For a month already. 10. Robert is absent today. He has been ill for two weeks. 11. How long have you been collecting stamps? — For ten years. 12. What have you been doing all this time? — I have been watching TV. 13. Have you been sitting here long? — Since 10 o'clock. 14. My brother is in Moscow. I haven't heard from him for a month. 15. I haven't met Paul since we passed the last exam. 16. The students have just left. They have been here all day long.

Exercise I, p. 48

1. Somebody has broken; 2. John has forgotten; I have been expecting; 3. What has happened; 4. Haven't you finished; You have been reading; 5. I have been cooking; 6. What have you been doing; I have been sitting; 7. I have lost; 8. Have you been working; 9. He has appeared; 10. I've been cleaning; I have cleaned; 11. I haven't been waiting.

Exercise II, p. 48

1. The whole evening I've been typing. I have already typed ten pages. 2. We have been writing the test paper for 45 minutes already. Some of the students have already finished it. 3. Have you been waiting for me long? — No, I have just come. 4. What have you been doing this morning? — We have been planting trees in the garden.— How many trees have you planted? — Seven. 5. I have been translating the article for two hours, but I haven't translated it yet.

Exercise I, p. 51

1. Mr Clark worked; 2. She has lived; 3. They have been

married; 4. we were... the weather was; 5. The weather has been, 6. I have never met; 7. We spoke; 8. I haven't spoken.

Exercise II, p. 51

1. Ann and I agreed to go to the cinema yesterday. I waited for her outside the cinema half an hour, but she didn't come. I don't know what has happened to her. 2. When did you last see Robert? — I haven't seen him for two weeks. 3. How long have you been mar­ried? — I got married three years ago. 4. Where did you rest last summer? — In the Caucasus.— How long did you stay there? — About a month. 5. Yesterday I came home from work at 6 o'clock, rested about an hour, and then I went to visit my friend. 6. Where is the key? I've been looking for it (for)half an hour already. 7. How long have you you been here? — I came here an hour ago.— Did you meet Nick? — Yes, we talked for ten minutes and then he left.

8. How long have you had this car? — Five years. 9. How long have you lived in Minsk? — Since 1978.

Exercise I, p. 54

1. It was still raining... I came; It has been raining; 2. I have been sitting; I have already drunk;,3. What have you been doing; I haven't seen; 4. They haven't been working; They have been. 5. It hasn't rained; 6. I have been going; 7. Peter has been writing; He has already written; 8. I have been sleeping... I haven't woken;

9. I bought... I haven't worn; 10. He has already seen; He saw., he was; 11. When did you meet; I met; 12. Have you ever spoken; I spoke; 13. Peter has lived; He lived... he went; 14. I have just had; I finished; 15. I have made; I made; 16. I have never played... I played... I was; 17. I haven't heard... she went; 18. I lay. 19. Have you ever travelled; I went; 20. Have you lived; I have lived; I was born; Have you been; I went; 21. How long have you been; I arrived; I have been; Have you seen; 22. Williams live; They have only lived, They arrived... arranged; They haven't

made.....they think; The neighbours have been...Mr Williams has

invited... he will hold; His friends are coming (will come); The Williams family lived... they came; Mr Williams didn't like; he was visiting... he met... who offered; Mrs Williams wanted... they arrived... the sun was shining... she began; 23. Jack looked; Jili arrived; I have been waiting; he said; Were you; Jack went; he said; I got...you were not; I came... waited... you didn't come; What have you been doing; Jack asked; I have just been.

Exercise II, p. 55

1. Mr Smith is waiting for you.— How long has he been wai­ting? — About twenty minutes.— Let him come in. 2. Where are the

letters? I want to send them today.— The secretary has just brought them. She has been typing the whole day. 4. Can (May) I speak to Mr Voronov? — I'm afraid not. He has just gone out. 4. Let's go to the cinema. We haven't been at the cinema for ages.— Good idea. Nick says, that he has seen an interesting detective at the "Moscow" cinema. Would you like to see it? — Yes, I'm very fond of detectives. 5. When did you graduate from the Institute? — In 1975.— How long have you worked at this plant? — Five years.— Where did you work before? — At a research institute.

UNIT 4

Exercise VI, p. 62

1. Hullo! Haven't seen you for ages! How are you? — Fine, thank you. And you? — Quite well, thank you. 2. Good morning! Is the chief in? — No, he is at a meeting. Come at 12.—Thank you. Good-bye. 3. I must be off. I have an appointment at 9 o'clock. Remember me to your wife and parents.— Thank you. Good-bye. 4. Glad to see you. How are you getting on? — All the same, thank you. And how are you? — Not too good I'm afraid. My wife has fallen ill with flue.— Sorry to hear that. 5.Hullo! How are you? — Not too bad, thank you.— And how is your brother getting on? — He is fine.— Glad to hear that. 6. I hear Eve Brown is going to get married.— That's interesting news. It will be her third marriage. 7. I haven't seen your sister lately. How is she getting on? — Very well, thank you. She is now abroad, in Italy.— How long is she going to stay there? — A year and a half.— Give my regards to her.— Sure. 8. How are you, Victor? — Not too good, I'm afraid.— What's wrong? (What's the matter?) — I haven't passed my exam in biology.— Sorry to hear that. I'm sure you will soon pass it.— I hope so. I have been preparing for it for a week already.

Exercise I, p. 66

1. some; any; no; 2. something; everything; anything; nothing; 3. somebody; anybody; nobody; everybody; 4. somewhere; every­where; anywhere.

Exercise II, p. 67

1. a little; 2. a few; 3. a few; 4. a little; 5. a few; 6. a little;

7. a few; 8. a few; 9. few; 10. little.

Exercise III, p. 67

1. much; 2. much; 3. many; 4. much; 5. many; 6. much; 7. many;

8. many; 9. much; 10. many; 11. many; 12. much.

Exercise IV, p. 67

Neither; both; neither; all; none.

Exercise V, p. 67

1. itself; 2. themselves; 3. myself; 4. himself; 5. herself, 6. yourself; 7. yourself; 8. ourselves; 9. yourself; 10. themselves; 11. himself; 12. herself.

UN IT 5

Exercise XVI, p. 78

1. Could you hand her this message? — Gladly. 2. Will you please wait for me a little? — All right. 3. Shall we drop in at this cafe? — Good idea.— What would you like — tea or coffee? — Tea with lemon.— Shall we eat anything? You must be hungry.— Yes. I'd like to try the beefsteak.— Anything else? — No, that's all.— So, we can make our order. Waiter! — Yes, sir? — Please, bring us two beefsteaks and tea with lemon.— All right, sir. 4. Could you give me a lift to the station? — With pleasure. 5. Could you do me a favour? I want to call at the post-office for the parcel. Will you, please, look after Ann while I'm out? — Certainly, I'll come in no time.

Exercise I, p. 82

to; past; at; to; near; from; of; on; for; for; with; of; of; for; out of; at.

Exercise II, p. 83

-; a; -; the; -; -; the; the; the; the; -; -; -; -; -; -; -; a; a; -; -; the; -; -; a; -; -; the; -; a; the;.the; the; a; the.

Exercise III, p. 83

Have you had dinner? — Not yet.— Neither have I. I'm very hungry. Let's have dinner somewhere together.— All right. Shall we go to the cafe in Main Street? — I'd love to. I have been there several times. I like that cafe very much. The cooking and the service are good there.

(In the cafe)

— What is on the menu today? — There are a lot of dishes to my taste. I'd like chicken soup, beefsteak and a glass of orange juice. And you? — As for me, I'll have a mutton chop and a bottle of beer. I don't want soup today.— Do you want ice-cream? — No, I don't like ice-cream.— Would you like anything to drink? — Let's have a bottle of dry wine.— Anything else? — No, that's all Let's call the waiter and make our order.

UNIT 6 Exercise I, p. 87

So am I; So did I; neither did 1; 'So were the rest of us; neither does Monika; so am I; neither have I; So has Monika; so are the people.

Exercise II, p. 88

1. Nick speaks English well.— So does his wife. 2. I haven't seen this film.— Neither have I. 3. We are going on an excursion on the week-end.— So are we. 4. Ann didn't come to the concert yesterday.— Neither did her brother. 5. I can't play golf.— Neither can I. 6. Yesterday I had to work hard.— So did I. 7. John likes figure skating.— So does his wife. 8. I don't know his address.— Neither do I. 9. Robert will come.— So will Victor. 10. I have already booked a ticket.— So have I. 11. Yesterday I saw Nick.— So did I. 12. I didn't like the concert.—Neither did I. 13. I'm glad to see you.— So am I. 14. I shan't be present at the meeting.— Neither shall I.

Exercise I, p. 90

aren't you; aren't you; don't you; don't you; didn't you; were you; aren't you; didn't you; weren't you; did you; didn't you; do you; didn't you; didn't you; weren't you; didn't you; wasn't there; do you; am I; isn't it.

Exercise II, p. 91

1. You live in Main Street, don't you? — Yes, I have lived there for five years.— You know Oleg Lobov, don't you? — Yes, he is my neighbour.— Can you hand him my message? — Sure. 2. Nick left for Moscow last week, didn't he? — Yes, he did.— He hasn't come back yet, has he? — No, he hasn't.— But he will come by Saturday, won't he? — I think so. 3. You ran't play chess, can you? — No, I can't.— But you play draughts, don't you? — Yes, I do.— Then let's play a game of draughts.

UNIT 7 Exercise I, p. 100

1. she and Arthur had held; 2. Peter was going... he saw... he hadn't met; 3. I hadn't fallen... I heard; 4.! spoke... I thought... I had met; 5. we got... we found... the train had already left; I was waiting I was reading; 6. they had gone... I went; 7. I got back... they had sold; 8. He was...he had been working; 9. she opened... she read; 10. They had been sitting... the taxi finally arrived; 11. They left... he had finished; 12. He quickly forgot... he

had learnt; 13. we came... the Smiths had already lived; 14. He told... he had been fishing... he had never caught; 15. she (had) heard... she phoned; 16. he looked... he understood... he had got off; 17. Jack had done; He went; The weather was; It had stop­ped... the moon was shining. 18. Judy's father had managed; They caught... spent; They arrived... joined; they realised they had left.

Exercise II, p. 101

1. When I came to see Victor, he wasn't at home. He had gone to the station to meet his friend. 2. The tourists had been waiting for the bus very long, so when it arrived, it was already too late and they didn't want to go anywhere. 3. When I had told him every­thing he understood what had happened. 4. She looked at the watch. It was about 12 o'clock. She had been working at her report for 6 hours. 5. By the end of June 1 had passed all my exams and was free. 6. On Friday he wasn't at work. The day before he had gone away on business. 7. When I called Nick, I learnt that he had been ill for two weeks. 8. I had worked at a plant before I entered the Institute. 9. The meeting hadn't begun yet, when we came. 10. When i came home, the children were already sleeping. My wife said that they had been sleeping since 9 o'clock. 11. Victor said that he had reserved a room at the Ukraine hotel. 12. He had lived abroad for three years, before he came to Minsk.

Exercise I, p. 103

1. We shall have finished; 2. The lesson will have started;

3. he will have been living (will have lived); 4. he will have begun; 5. They will have been travelling; 6. She will have had; 7. They will have built; 8. I will have spent; 9. We shall have been flying; 10. The play will have begun; 11. they will have completed; 12. I will have been working.

UNIT 8

Exercise V, p. 106

1. Don't make iip. work so hard. She is tired of this work. 2. I made the typist type the letter again, because there were a lot of mistakes in it. 3. Why did you make him go there so late?

4. I'll do all I can to help her. 5. The film is different from the book. It is much more interesting. 6. She is proud of her son. He is very hard-working and does very well at school.

Exercise I, p. 120

to; to; on; with; outside; at; at; for; at; in; for; for.

Exercise II, p. 120

What are you doing tonight? — Nothing special, why? — Would you like to go to the cinema? — That's not a bad idea. I ha­ven't been at the cinema for several weeks.— The Moscow cinema is showing "Gone with the Wind" based on Mitchel's novel.— My friend has already seen it. He says it is a wonderful film. Of course, we mustn't miss it.— Then I shall buy two tickets for the eight o'clock show. Does this time suit you? — Perfectly, thank you. And where shall we meet? — Let's meet at my house at 7 o'clock.— All right. See you soon.

UNIT 9

Exercise I, p. 129

1. I wonder where they usually spend their holidays. 2. I think that she hasn't come yet. 3. I hope that he won't miss the train, though he left for the railway station late. 4. I remember that I went away on business in September. 5. I wonder whether he will speak at the meeting. 6. She says that she doesn't like theatre. 7. I don't know when they will come back. 8. He says he was late for the lecture yesterday. 9. She wants to know at what ho­tel they are staying. 10. She says she has been teaching English for 20 years already. 11. He asks why you don't phone him. 12. Do you know when the train arrives in Warsaw? 13. Do you remember where we rested in 1980? 14. I'm afraid they missed the six o'clock train. 15. Ask her when she will come. 16. Tell him where she lives. 17. I don't know why Robert doesn't write to me. 18. I am not sure whether I shall see her tomorrow. 19. Do you know if there is a post-office not far from here? 20.1 think she will have typed the documents by 5 o'clock. 21. I've no idea what he is doing here. 22. I'm afraid that she has lost her way.

Exercise I, p. 135

1. the train stopped I looked... didn't see; I had sent... I thought... they would meet; they were waiting; We went... didn't find; We thought... something had happened; We had been waiting... we understood... they would not come; they had received... could not; 2. he had gone... who was coming; 3. I went; I took... looked; a waiter came... \ had chosen; I had chosen; I would take; 4. she had enjoyed... she would spend; 5. I offered, She said... she had a headache... didn't want.

Exercise II, p. 135

1. Yesterday evening my brother called me and asked whether I wanted to go to the cinema. I agreed and I wasn't disappointed.

I liked the film very much. 2. I hoped that I would catch the last train, but I missed it. 3. Yesterday on my way home I called on Nick. He said he had just received a telegram from his mother and in an hour he was going to the station to meet her. 4. When I saw Nina, I understood, that she was upset by something. She said that her mother had fallen ill. 5. The other day I met John. He said he had bought himself a new car. 6. When I cal­led on my friend, her mother said that she was not at home: she was taking an exam but she would be back soon. 7. In June my sister and I are leaving for the Caucasus. Our brother said that he would join us as soon as he passed his exams. 8. Yester­day I asked Steve to repair my iron. He said that his friends were waiting for him and he couldn't help me. He promised that he would repair the iron today.— Last month he promised to repair my bicycle, but he never did.— I hope that he will keep his promise this time. 9. I was surprised when I learnt that Robert hadn't passed his exam. He said that he had been preparing for it for a long time. 10. Peter said that he would be waiting for me at the entrance to the stadium and asked me not to be late.

UNIT 10 Exercise V, p. 138

1. Victor wants me to repair his car. 2. I want you to phone Nina and invite her to the party. 3. I don't want him to go with us 4. Do you want me to help you? 5. We didn't want the children to swim in such cold weather. 6. My brother wanted me to book the tickets in advance.

Exercise I, p. 149

It was raining... I woke; It always rains; We had planned... we decided; We had missed...arrived; We had arranged... he had been waiting... we got; The play had already started... we went; I am working; I have been sitting... I haven't done; I feel; I have already had; I went... it rained; I shall book.

Exercise II, p. 150

1. Do you want to go to the theatre on Saturday? — I'd love to. I haven't been at the theatre for a long time. What performance do you suggest? — I'd like to listen to "Carmen".—Who sings the part of Carmen? — Helena Obraztsova.— She is a wonderful actress. Do you think we shall be able to get tickets? — M> friend promised me to get two tickets.— Thank you. That's very nice of you to invite me. I shall be looking forward to the performance.

UNIT 11 Exercise VI, p. 154

1. Sorry for bothering you.— That's OK. 2. Sorry, I promised to return the book today but I forgot.— Never mind. You may bring it back tomorrow. 3. I'm sorry I'm late.— Never mind, we'll be on time. 4. I am very sorry that I didn't warn you about my arrival in advance.—That's all right. I'm always glad to see you. 5. Sorry, I have lost your dictionary. I shall buy you a new one.— Don't worry. I've got one more dictionary. 6. Excuse my calling you so late.— Never mind. I have just come home myself. 7. I'm sorry that I didn't help you.— Never mind. I mana­ged myself. 8. Sorry that I didn't call for your coat at the laundromat.— It doesn't matter. You may do it tomorrow 9. I'm so sorry that I have broken your favourite vase.— Forget it.

Exercise VII, p. 158

1. Shall I help you translate the article? —Thank you, I can manage. 2. Shall I switch off the TV set? — Please, do, it's late already. It's time to go to bed. 3. Shall I give you a lift home? — No, thank you. I'd like to walk. 4. May I switch on the tape-recorder? — Please, don't. I'm tired and I want to sleep. 5. Shall I wake you up in the morning? — No, there is no need, thank you.

11 think I shall wake up myself. 6. May I use your pen? — Certainly. 7. Let me help you.— There is no need, thank you. 8. Shall I buy so­me bread on the way home? — Do, please. 9. Shall I repair your

I TV set? — Yes, please, thank you. That's very nice of you.

UNIT 12 Exercise I, p. 172

I rang up... he was preparing; He said., he had packed... he hadn't bought; I promised.. I would help; I was free... I could; He thanked... added... he would be grateful; I brought... my friend started.

Mrs Hudson was...she began; She went... told... she hadn't been feeling; The doctor asked... she had; She said she had; Her husband had died, Mike had fallen... she was afraid he wouldn't get, Earnest had joined; The doctor advised; her heart was; it wouldn't be.. she would do.

an old lady happened; she stopped; they had talked... the lady observed... she didn't think he was; The man assured...he certainly wasn't; He said... his relatives had sent; The old lady promised... she would look... went; a big piece of wood hit; She turned... saw; she asked what was wrong; he merely wanted.

John Robinson had just returned... was having; Dobson rang, he was... his friend had arrived; he felt... was not sure he would be able.

UNIT 13

Exercise I, p. 183

1. Excuse me, sir. Does the 27 bus stop here? — Yes. Where do you want to go? — To the airport.— The 27 will take you there.— Thank you. 2. Excuse me, sir, I'm afraid I'm lost. Can you help me? — Where do you want to go? — To the Minsk hotel.— It is five blocks away from here. Go along this street as far as the traffic lights. Do you see it? — Yes.— Then turn left at the traf­fic lights, walk three blocks and you will see the Minsk hotel.— Thank you.— Not at all. 3. Excuse me, how do I get to the Central Department Store? — Take a number 84 bus and go as far as the Central Department bus stop. It will take you about twenty minutes to get there. Ask somebody to tell you where to get off.— Thank you.— That's О. К. 4. Excuse me, does this bus go to the station? — No, you need the number 31. It will take you straight to the station. 5. What trolley-bus do you take to get to work? — I don't go by trolley-bus. First I take a bus, and then I change for the underground. 6. Could you tell me if there is a post-office not far from here? — Yes, there is one at the end of the street.

UNIT 14

Exercise I, p. 195

Victor asked George where he and his family were going to spend their holidays. George answered that they would go to one of the seaside towns in the Crimea. Victor wanted to know if they had booked the tickets. George said that he was going to do it on the next day. Victor asked how long they wanted to stay there. George answered that they were going to stay there about a month. In his turn George asked Victor where he would rest. Victor said that he wanted to go on a camping trip in the Alps. George was sure that Victor would have a good rest. Victor hoped he would

Exercise II, p. 195

The hostess asked her guest if he would like a cup of tea. The guest said that he would and thanked the hostess. The hostess asked the guest how he would take it and whether he preferred his tea strong or weak. The guest answered that he liked his tea strong and very hot. The hostess wondered how many lumps of sugar he took in his tea. The guest answered that he took four

or five lumps of sugar, for he liked his tea very sweet. The hostess asked if he liked milk in his tea. The guest said that he liked milk in his tea when he couldn't get cream.

Exercise I, p. 207

1. Fred asked a porter if the train for London had left and the porter answered that it had left ten minutes before. 2. John told Mary she was the most beautiful girl in the world... and told him not to talk such nonsense. 3. asked him what was wrong with it; told me to throw it away and buy a new one. 4. I asked her if she wanted to go to the cinema with me; she said she had already seen that film. 5. The manager asked me if I liked my work and I answered him that I did. He then asked me why 1 wanted to leave it then, so I told him I was moving to Glasgow. 6. I told him to take the first turning to the left and go as far as the post office. The man asked me how far it was and I told him it was about half a mile at the most.

Exercise II, p. 208

Mr Robinson greeted the Thompsons saying he was glad to see them in London. He asked his friends how long they had been there. Mr Thompson answered that they had been there only a few days, since Monday and he was sorry to say they had to return the follo­wing day. Mr Robinson asked if it was their first visit to London. Mr Thompson answered that it was his wife's first visit, but he had been there several times before. He had to come over at least once a year on business and felt quite at home in London. Mr Robin­son asked Mrs Thompson what she thought of London. Mrs Thomp­son thought it was a wonderful place. Mr Robinson asked the Thompsons about their plans for that night and invited them to his place. Mr Thompson thanked Mr Robinson but he refused saying they were leaving the following morning and they had got a lot of things to do. He said that they might visit the Robin­sons some other time.

Exercise III, p. 208

An old lady was going to take a taxi. She asked the driver to take her to the station. The driver agreed to do so. The lady told the driver that he must drive slowly and carefully. She warned him not to go until the policeman lowered his arm and not to rush round the corners as the road was very wet. The taxi-driver got angry with the woman because of her instructions and he asked her sarcastically what hospital she would like to be taken to if they did have an accident.

Exercise IV, p. 208

1. Yesterday I had a day off. I suggested to Ann going to the cinema, but she refused saying that she was getting ready for her exam in German. We agreed to go to the cinema next week. 2. The teacher asked me why I had missed so many lessons. I answered, that I had gone away on business. 3. When I was going to leave, my brother reminded me to bring him a Russian-Spanish dictionary next time. He said that he had to translate an article on electronics. I answered that I would call on him in two days and promised that I wouldn't forget about his request. 4. When I came home, my son was already sleeping. I wanted to talk to him but my wife told me not to wake him up because he was very tired as he had been repairing the car the whole evening. 5. The doctor advised me to spend more time in the open air and not to go to bed late. 6. Nina asked whether I would go to the party, and I answered that I would.

UNIT 15

Exercise I, p. 223

— Hello. My name is Kent. Last week I reserved a single room in your hotel.— Jast a moment. Yes, sir, we got your letter. I can offer you room 46 on the third floor.— Is there a shower in the room? — Yes, there is a bath and a shower.— That's fine. I hope there is a telephone in the room.— Yes, all the rooms in our hotel have got telephones.— That's very convenient. I must make some telephone calls. How much is the room? — 50 dollars a night.— All right. I'll take the room.—Then will you please fill in (out) the registration form? — All right. When do you serve breakfast? — From 7 to 9.30.— Is there a post-office in the hotel? — No, but it's quite near, on the other side of the street.—Thank you.

UNIT 16 Exercise IX, p. 229

1. What foreign language is taught at your Institute? 2. I won­der where this journal is published. 3. I think these books are sold in all shops. 4. What is produced at this factory? 5. This list of articles is recommended for your work. 6. Foreign films are often shown at our Institute. 7. What time is the library closed? 8. We are not allowed to take books out of the reading hall. 9. Is the mail delivered here by plane? 10. Many guests are expected today. 11. He is often sent letters. 12. What is sold at this shop? 13. How much are you paid? 14. Where are meetings usually held? What

problems are discussed at the meetings? 15 Where are the docu­ments kept? Who are the documents signed by?

Exercise VIII, p. 231

1. Last year he wasn't sent abroad. 2. When were the tickets booked? 3. When was the post delivered? 4. The agreement was - signed on the tenth of March. 5. Why wasn't he informed about her departure? 6. Where was the conference held? 7. When was the station built? 8. How many letters were received yesterday? 9. We were not invited to the party 10. I wasn't offered a ticket for the concert. 11. Who was this work done by? 12. The guests were shown the laboratories of the institute. 13. This question was discussed at our last meeting. 14. The documents were typed on Friday. 15. The letter was written by my secretary two days ago. 16. The film was much spoken of (about). 17. Who was the article translated by?

Exercise V, p. 233

1. You will be shown a lot of places of interest in our city. 2. Will the letter be sent by air mail? 3. When will the tickets for the concert be sent? 4. When will dinner be served? 5. In what journal will this article be published? 6. She said that the tickets would be booked in a week. 7. The talks will be held in October. 8. I think you will be given a good room at this notel. 9. I hope the work will be completed in time. 10. I am sure that he will be invited to the conference. 11. Where will the meeting be held? 12. I wonder what film will be shown tomorrow. 13. The documents will be sig­ned tomorrow. 14. She won't be told about that.

Exercise I, p. 235

1. Our tourist group arrived; A bus took; we were invited; We 'wanted...none of us had been; We were shown and told; our tour came... we had learnt; 2. It will be posted; 3. were you taught... you studied; 4. Why didn't they come; I don't know; They were sent; 5. When will the tickets be booked; 6. I reached... I was stopped; 7. Are students allowed; dictionaries are not allowed; 8. A new stadium was built; 9. Are you looking; some gloves were picked up and given; 10. The mother was told; He will be exa­mined; Everything will be; 11. Alice will be invited; 12. When are examinations held; They are held; 13. The old man fell down and broke; He was taken; 14. I was woken; 15. Mr Smith doesn't write... they are written; 16. Are these textbooks used; 17. Where are the journals kept; 18. Everything will be done; 19. Drinks are not served; 20. Who is this article written by; 21. An interesting article will be published; The author of the article has been working; 22. which were received; You will be given; 23. He

was asked; He was given; 24. This book will be discusse