Dunkleosteus, the Largest Fish that Ever Lived

10 meter (33 foot) long Dunkleosteus terrelli, which lived about 400 million years ago, was the largest fish on Earth. This giant vertebrate weighed up to 4 tons. It could bite with a force of 5000 newtons (1100 pounds) in 1/15 of a second. The speed with which it opened its jaws would have created a current that drew fish into its mouth. The teeth of Dunkleosteus were self-sharpening. Dunkleosteus belonged to a class of ancient prehistoric fish called Placoderms. These fish had heavy armor, and therefore probably could not swim very fast. The Placoderms were some of the earliest fishes with jaws. They also may have been among the first vertebrates to reproduce by internal fertilization.

Facts about Dinosaurs

To say the least, dinosaurs were very fascinating animals. There is a list of dinosaur facts that you may find quite interesting.

Dinosaur Facts:

• The oldest dinosaur fossils found on Earth are about 230 million years old.

• Roughly 700 species of Dinosaurs have been named. Estimates suggest that there could be as many as 700 to 900 more species of Dinosaurs yet to be discovered.

• The average dinosaur was about the size of an elephant but some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.

• The largest dinosaurs were over 100 feet long.

• Some dinosaurs had feathers.

• When dinosaurs first appeared, the Earth's continents were still connected. This supercontinent was called Pangea.

• The word "dinosaur" was coined by Sir Richard Owen. Dinosaur means "terrible lizard".

• While multiple theories exist, it is still unknown how dinosaurs became extinct.

• At the time of the dinosaurs extinction, nearly 50 % of all animal species also became extinct.

Gigantopithecus, the Largest Ape that Ever Lived

Gigantopithecus blacki, at 3 m (9.8 ft) tall and weighing up to 540 kilograms (1,200 lb). Two to three times larger than a gorilla, it was the largest ape to ever walk the Earth. This huge creature's habitat was around China, India and Vietnam. It was incredibly strong and its massive bulk kept it safe from local predators, tigers, leopards and black bears. Gigantopithecus blacki lived between 300,000 to 1 million years ago and ate the tough grasses found in South East Asian forests. Although it is not known why Gigantopithecus died out, researchers believe that climate change and resource competition with better adapted species were the main reasons. It has often been claimed by people who research and search for hidden animals from local and ancient legends that a type of Gigantopithecus blacki are the source of tales regarding creatures such as Bigfoot and the Yeti.

Insects

Insects make up about three fifths of all of all known plant and animal species on Earth. Close to one half of all insects in the world are beetles. About one million insect species have already been described, and there could be as many as ten million different species of insects in the world. One reason insects are so diverse and tremendously successful is that their basic structure is highly adaptable and their organ systems can take on roles for which they were not primarily designed. For example, the stings of bees, some ants and wasps are derived from the egg-laying apparatus. The sounds of cicadas and some cockroaches are amplified or produced by the respiratory system. The silk of lacewing larvae is secreted from the excretory organs. Because most insects are small, they have been able to occupy a vast range of microhabitats that would be unsuitable for larger species. The most common size of an insect is about 1/4 inch (3–5 mm). The nervous system of insects is highly developed. They are able to discriminate subtle differences in their environment and identify the boundaries of their microhabitats.

Insects' highly developed nervous system also allows them to engage in complex behavior, which includes developing social relationships.

How Insects Adapt

Because individual insects have very short lifespans, they do not need to learn to adapt to new conditions. Instead, entire species develop genetic adaptations. These adaptations can occur quickly because of the short amount of time between generations. For example, insects can easily acquire a resistance to insecticides through a change in the genetic composition of the population of the insect species.

Conflict Between Insects and Plants

As insects have evolved, they have interacted with all types of flowering plants. More than half of all insects are herbivores. Many flowering plants produce toxins or distasteful compounds to discourage insects from eating them. However, certain insect species are able to develop metabolic reactions that detoxify these compounds. This constant conflict between plants and insects often leads to the creation of new species.