Переведите следующие словосочетания, обращая внимание на Participle I, Participle II.

Computers using vacuum tubes, the machine calculating mathematical problems, the computer keeping instructions in its memory, binary code storing data and instructions, computer performing computations in milliseconds, students coding the information by using a binary code, devices printing the information, electronic pulses moving at the speed of light, the given information, the name given to the machine, the coded data, the device used in World War II, instructions kept in the memory, data stored in a binary code, vacuum tube invented by J.Neumann, the machine provided with the necessary facts.

 

Выберите правильный перевод предложений, содержащих неличные формы глагола (The Infinitive, the Gerund, the Participle I, the Participle II).

1. That was the machine provided with the necessary facts about the problem to be solved.

а) Машину обеспечили необходимыми фактами, чтобы она решила проблему.

б) То была машина, снабженная необходимой информацией о задаче, которую предстояло решить.

в) Эту машину обеспечили необходимой информацией о решаемой задаче.

2. The computers designed to use IC were called third generation computers.

а) Компьютеры сконструировали для использования ИС и назвали их третьим поколением.

б) Компьютеры назывались третьим поколением, потому что в них использовались ИС.

в) Компьютеры, сконструированные для использования ИС, назывались компьютерами третьего поколения.

3. Mark I was the first machine to figure out mathematical problems.

а) Первая машина для вычисления математических задач была Марк I.

б) Марк I явилась первой машиной для вычисления математических задач.

в) Марк I была первой машиной, которая вычисляла математические задачи.

4. Computers were developed to perform calculations for military and scientific purposes.

а) Компьютеры были созданы, чтобы выполнять вычисления для военных и научных целей.

б) Компьютеры создали для выполнения военных и научных целей.

в) Созданные компьютеры выполняли вычисления военного и научного назначения.

 

LESSON № 5

1. Прочтите и переведите следующий текст:

COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

As we know all computer systems perform the functions of inputting, storing, processing, controlling and outputting. Now we’ll get acquainted with the computer system units that perform these functions. But to begin with let’s examine computer systems from the perspective of the system designer or architect.

It should be noted that computers and their accessory equipment are designed by a computer system architect, who usually has a strong engineering background. As contrasted with the analyst who uses a computer to solve specific problems the computer system architect usually designs computer that can be used for many different applications in many different business. For example, the product lines of major computer manufacturers such as IBM, Digital Equipment Corporation and many others are the result of the efforts of teams of computer system architects.

Unless you are studying engineering you do not need to become a computer system architect. However, it is important that as a potential user, applications programmer or systems analyst you understand the functions of the major units of a computer system and how they work together.

Types of computers

The two basic types of computers are analog and digital. Analog computers simulate physical systems. They operate on the basis of an analogy to the process that is being studied. For example, a voltage may be used to represent other physical quantities such as speed, temperature or pressure. The response of an analog computer is based upon the measurement of signals that vary continuously with time. Hence, analog computers are used in applications that require continuous measurement and control.

Digital computers, as contrasted with analog computers, deal with discrete rather than continuous quantities. They count rather than measure. They use numbers instead of analogous physical quantities to simulate on-going or real-time processes. Because they are discrete events, commercial transactions are in a natural form for digital computation. This is one reason that digital computers are so widely used in business data processing.

Machines that combine both analog and digital capabilities are called hybrid computers. Much business, scientific and industrial computer applications rely on the combination of analog and digital devices. The use of combination analog devices will continue to increase with the growth in applications of microprocessors and microcomputers. An example of this growth is the trend toward installing control systems in household appliances such as microwave ovens and sewing machines. In the future we will have complete indoor climate control systems and robots to do our housecleaning. Analog sensors will provide inputs to the control centers of these systems which will be small digital computers.

 

Words:

Architecture- архитектура, структура

Architect- разработчик архитектуры (системы, структуры)

Accessory equipment- вспомогательные устройства

Engineering background- техническая подготовка, квалификация

Analyst- аналитик, системный разработчик

Product line- серия компьютерных товаров

Application programmer- прикладной программист

To simulate- моделировать, имитировать

Hybrid computer- аналого-цифровой компьютер (смешанного типа)

Discrete- дискретный, отдельный

Continuous quantity- непрерывная величина

On-going process- продолжающийся, постоянный, непрерывный процесс

To install- устанавливать, размещать, монтировать, настраивать

Household appliances- бытовые приборы, устройства

Indoor climate control system- система регуляции температуры в доме

 

2. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста.

1. Who designs computers and their accessory equipment?

2. What is the role of an analyst?

3. Is it necessary for a user to become a computer system architect?

4. What functions do computer systems perform?

5. What types of computers do you know?

6. What is the principle of operation of analog computers?

7. How do digital computers differ from analog computers?

8. Where are digital and analog computers used?

9. What are hybrid computers?

10. Where do they find application?

 

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

Функции ввода, хранения, обработки, управления и вывода информации; познакомиться; системные блоки; вспомогательные устройства; разработчик компьютерной системы; хорошая компьютерная подготовка; различные сферы применения; прикладной программист; главные устройства компьютерной системы; цифровое вычисление; аналого-цифровые компьютеры; бытовые приборы.