Alpha   Red       Green    Blue

Fig 1: Structure of a 32 bit pixel

Human visual/vision/visualize/visible system acts as an OR function. Twotransparent objects stacked together, produce transparentobject. But changing/change/exchange/changed any of them to non-transparent, finalobjects will be seen non-transparent. In k-n secret sharingvisual cryptography scheme an image is divided into nnumber of shares such that minimum k number of sharesis sufficient to reconstruct the image. The division is doneby Random Number generator [4].

This type/typical typist/typed of visual cryptography technique is insecure asthe reconstruction is done by simple OR operation.

To add/adding/additive/addition more security to this scheme we have proposed atechnique called digital enveloping. This is nothing but an extended/extension/extensive/extend invisible digital watermarking technique. Usingthis technique, the divided shares produced by k-n secretsharing visual cryptography are embedded into theenvelope images by LSB replacement/place/replace/replaced [5]. The colorchange of the envelope images are not sensed/sense/sensitive/sensor by humaneye [6]. (More than 16.7 million i.e.224 different colorsare produced/product/production/reproduce by RGB color model. But human eye candiscriminate only a few of them.). This technique is known/knowledge/knowledgeable/know as invisible digitalwatermarking as human eyecan not identify the change in the envelope image and theenveloped (Produced after LSB replacement) image [7].

In the decryption process/procession/processing/processed k number of embedded envelope images are taken and LSB are retrieved fromeach of them followed by OR operation to generated theoriginal image.

In this paper Section 2 describes the Overall process of Operation, Section 3 describes the process of k-n secret sharing Visual Cryptography scheme on the image, Section 4 describes the enveloping process using invisible digital watermarking, Section 5 describes decryption process, Section 6 describes the experimental result, and Alpha Red Green Blue Section 7 draws the conclusion.

Exercise 3.29. What is the weakness of the Introduction?

Exercise 3.30. Findthe definitions for the following words in the Abstract and Introduction.

Watermarking, Visual cryptography,Pixel

Exercise 3.31. Match the words and definitions.

discriminate     insecure           sufficient          encryption       sense

1. ______ the encoding of electronic data so that it can be transmitted without interception.

2. ______ enough to meet a need or purpose; adequate.

3. ______ recognize a distinction; differentiate.

4. ______ not sufficiently protected; easily broken into.

5. ______ perceive by a sense or senses.

Exercise 3.32. Translate the highlighted paragraph into Russian.

Exercise 3.33. Translate the phrases from Russian into English.

1. Насколькоавторуизвестно, наданныймоментнепроводятсяисследования…

2. Насегодняшнийденьвлитературеописанотолько2 метода…

3. Ужеразработаномногоаналитическихметодов…

4. Всестороннеерассмотрениевсехсуществующихподходоввыходитзарамкиэтойстатьи.

5. Многиеученыеужезанималисьисследованиемэтойпроблемы…

6. Насамомделемногиеавторыисследовали…инаблюдали…

7. Влитературенетединогомненияо…

8. Основнаяцель–установитьзависимость…

9. Цельзаключаетсявтом, чтобыпоказать…

10. Несмотрянанедостатки, этидваметодасчитаютсястандартными…

 

Revision

What do you need to know when writing an Introduction?

Self-study activity Write the Introduction for the research paper of your own.

 

 

THE STRUCTURE OF THE MAIN BODY OF THE PAPER

Focus on theory

The main body of the paper presents procedures and theoretical basis of the research. It usually consists of several sections and contains the detailed description of the research process. The main body can be structured in the following way:

• Detailed description of the problem under study and its analysis;

• Related work (optional);

• Solution to the problem;

• Results (the findings: positive and negative if there are some).

    Taking into account a large amount of information given in this part of the paper, independent work of students is implied. The Master students already know the field of their research and the subject matter of their Master thesis has been chosen. Consequently, they have got a lot of literature sources to read on their major.

Exercise 4.1 Take any paper on your major and give a detailed description of its main body. You should describe:

• The problem under study;

• Solution to the problem;

• Results.

Exercise 4.2 Summarize the main body of the paper using the appropriate link words.

Self-study activity Write the Main body for the research paper of your own.