Формы глагола в Present Perfect.

+	?	-
I (you) have V3.	Have I (you) V3?	I (you) have not V3.
He (she, it) has V3.	Has he (she, it) V3?	He (she, it) has not V3.
We (you, they) have V3.	Have we (you, they) V3?	We (you, they) have not V3.

 

have not = haven’t, has not = hasn’t

He has asked. Он спросил.

Has he asked? Спросил ли он?

He has not asked. Он не спросил.

 

Предложения с настоящим совершенным временем часто содержат слова already (уже), never (никогда), ever (когда-либо), yet (еще не), just (только что) и др.

 

Past Perfect -прошедшее совершенное время употребляется для выражения действия, завершившегося до какого-либо момента или другого действия в прошлом или в предложениях, в которых одно действие завершилось до другого действия, длящегося в прошлом.

 

He had read the book and was watching TV when I came.

Когда я пришел, он уже прочитал книгу и смотрел телевизор.

 

Формы глагола в Past Perfect.

+	?	-
I (you) had V3.	Had I (you) V3?	I (you) had not V3.
He (she, it) had V3.	Had he (she, it) V3?	He (she, it) had not V3.
We (you, they) had V3.	Had we (you, they) V3?	We (you, they) had not V3.

had not = hadn't

He had asked. Он спросил.

Had he asked? Спросил ли он?

He had not asked. Он не спросил.

 

Future Perfect (будущее совершенное время) употребляется для выражения действия, которое будет происходить до определенного момента или другого действия в будущем и завершится или прекратится до него.

will (shall) have V3

He will have done his lessons by five o’clock (by the time I come, when I come)- Он сделает уроки до пяти часов завтра (к тому времени, как я приду).

 

Формы глагола в Future Perfect.

+	?	-
I (you) will have V3.	Will I (you) have V3?	I (you) will not have V3.
He (she, it) will have V3.	Will he (she, it) have V3?	He (she, it) will not have V3.
We (you, they) will have V3.	Will we (you, they) have V3?	We (you, they) will not have V3.

 

He will have asked. Он спросит.

Will he have asked? Спросит ли он?

He will not have asked. Он не спросит.

 

 

Упражнения

1. Прочтите данные предложения, переведите их на русский язык. Задайте письменно вопросы и дайте отрицательный ответ.

A. 1) Jack has washed the dog. 2) Father has already cleaned his car. 3) They have painted their old house. 4) Liz has brought some flowers. 5) My sister has just cooked breakfast. 6) Mrs. Gracy has gone to London. 7) The street has changed a lot. 8) The train has just arrived. 9) We have left our books at school. 10) It has just started to rain.

B. 1) He had written a letter by 5 o’clock. 2) He had finished his work before you came. 3) They had given us a good advice. 4) Mary had done breakfast.

C. 1) Pete will have completed his work by 4 o’clock tomorrow. 2) We will have seen all the places of interest by the end of our holiday. 3) The guests will have left before his parents come. 4) They will have bought the house by autumn.

 

 

Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в Present Perfect.

1) John (write) his name. 2) I (draw) a picture. 3) The cat (drink) its milk. 4) You (make) a mistake. 5) I just (tell) the answer. 6) John and Richard just (go away). 7) I never (be) to India. 8) The manager just (sign) the contract. 9) I’d like to read another book; I (read) this one. 10) The girl wants to eat, she (not to eat) anything. 11) … you (hear) the news? Our team (win) the game! 12) Why is it so cold here? Oh, somebody (open) the window!

 

Раскройте скобки и употребите глаголы в форме Past Simple и Present Perfect.

1) He (forget) his Spanish since he (leave) Spain. 2) He can reach his work easily now, as he (buy) a car. 3) Years ago we (be) poor, and (not know) how to live. We (become) very rich now. 4) He is a man who (live) a great life. 5) Mary (lose) her keys and cannot remember where she (see) them last. 6) What they (do) since we last (see) them? 7) Bob (not play) much football since he (leave) university.

 

4. Заполните пропуски соответствующими наречиями и словосочетаниями: ever, already, several years ago, yet, never, now, last year, just.

1) Hurry up. The train has __ arrived. You may be late. 2) __ the child could not walk, but __ nobody can even catch him. 3) She has __ been to England but she speaks English quite well. 4) He hasn't finished reading the magazine __. 5) It happened to me ___. 6) They have __ met him. 7) Have you __ heard this French song?

 

Употребите Past Perfect, переведите данные предложения.

1) Our guests (meet) before so we didn’t need to introduce them to one another. 2) The old man (be) a great traveler in his youth and could tell a tale about many strange places. 3) John had nothing to smoke because he (forget) to buy tobacco. 4) We couldn’t play football that Saturday as it (rain) all the previous week. 5) They (not /eat) for twenty-four hours and were very hungry. 6) He lived quietly on a little money he (save) before his retirement.