Give the Russian equivalents for the following words and word combinations:

flowline, template, manifold, mooring buoy, to lay expensive long-distance pipelines, to justify the expense, marginal oil field, to deplete, comprehensive database, to eliminate the need, human error, dump valve, complexity, to cluster, FSO, to strip down, to obviate, offshore incident,  to be attributed to, to release, reportedly

29. Give the English equivalents for the following word combinations:

подводная система добычи, скважина-спутник, танкер снабжения, плавучая система нефтедобычи, хранения и выгрузки, корма, выведенный из эксплуатации, накапливать нефть, отдаленное местоположение, глубоководное местоположение, рентабельный, истощенный, разлив, запуск, mainland, либо …, либо …, преимущественно, особенно, осуществлять, приблизительно, по невнимательности, сырая нефть, по сообщениям; как сообщают

 

30. Answer the following questions:

1. What is FPSO designed for?

2. What kind of drilling unit is FSO?

3. When did floating production systems come in use? What were the reasons?

4. How can oil produced from offshore production platforms be transported to the mainland?

5. Where is oil accumulated? What for?

6. What capability does FPSO possess?

7. What locations and fields are FPSOs effectively used in? Why?

8. Is there any information on environment pollution from FPSOs?

Put the words in sentences in correct order

1. oil, it, process, floating, and, to, type, is, take designed, system, tank, FPSO, a, of, or, gas, store

2. the, sat, platform, originally, on, oil, seabed

3. systems, to, came, used, later, floating, production be

4. by, is, to, oil, the, pipeline, or, transported, by, mainland, either, tanker

5. or, locations, in, effective, particularly, are, remote, FPSOs, deepwater

6. be, they, fields, also, marginal, in, used, can, oil

7. offshore, comprehensive, for, incidents, databases, organizations, developed, some, all

8. in, largest, the, occurred, FPSO, late, an, spill, from, the, 1990s

Fill in the gaps with the words from the box

predominately transport system depleted exploration onshore storage production floating processing offshore locations tanker accumulate pipelines sufficient

 

1. Subsea …….. systems can range in complexity.

2. A Floating Production, …….  and Offloading vessel (FPSO) is a type of ….. tank system used by the offshore oil and gas industry

3. A FSO is a similar …….., but without the possibility to do any ……… of the oil or gas.

4. Oil has been produced from ……. locations since the 1950s.

5. As ……….  moved to deeper waters and more distant ……, floating production systems came to be used.

6. When a ……… solution is chosen, it is necessary to …….. oil in some form of tank.

7. Oil is accumulated in the FPSO until there is …….. amount to fill a ……… tanker.

8. FPSOs eliminate the need to lay expensive long-distance …….. from the oil well to an ……… terminal.

9. Once the field is ………, the FPSO can be moved to a new location.

10. FPSOs have been used ………. in the North Sea, Brazil, Southeast Asian/South China Seas, the Mediterranean Sea, Australia, and off the West Coast of Africa.

33. Here are the answers. Ask the questions:

1. A FPSO is used by the offshore oil and gas industry.

2. Yes, it is. It is intended to take oil and gas produced from nearby platforms, process and store it.

3. Oil has been produced from offshore locations for more than 50 years.

4. No, it didn’t. The exploration moved to deeper waters in the 1970s.

5. An FPSO has the capability to carry out some form of oil separation process.

Comment upon advantages of using a Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessel in the offshore oil and gas industry.

35. Read the text and answer the questions given below:

Rig personnel

Offshore manned facilities present logistics and human resources challenges. An offshore oil platform is a small community in itself with cafeteria, sleeping quarters, management, and other support functions. In the North Sea, staff members are transported by helicopter for a two-week shift. They usually receive higher salary than other industry workers do. Supplies and waste are transported by supply vessels, and the supply needs to be well planned because floor area on the platform is limited. Today, much effort goes into moving as much of the personnel as possible onshore, where management and technical experts are in touch with the platform by video conferencing. An onshore job is also more attractive for the aging workforce in the petroleum industry, at least in the western world.

1) Do you agree that an offshore oil platform is a small community in itself? Prove your point of view.

2) What are working conditions of the staff members in the North Sea?

3) What are supply vessels used for?

4) How is work organized nowadays?

36. Personnel on a drilling rig vary greatly depending on the size of the rig, type of rig, and the type of a well being drilled. Read the list of the most common rig personnel and speak about professional duties and responsibilities:

· Company man (представитель компании)

· Derrick hand (рабочий на буровой вышке)

· Directional driller (бурильщик, осуществляющий направленное бурение или наклонно-направленное бурение)

· Driller (буровик, бурильщик; буровой мастер)

· Geologist

· Rig Medic

· Mud engineer (инженер по буровым растворам)

· Mud Logger (лицо, ведущее учёт данных о буровом растворе)

· Measurement while drilling operator (оператор телеметрической системы определения параметров в процессе бурения)

· Roughneck (Driller's Offsider) (рабочий буровой бригады)

· Roustabout (неквалифицированный подсобный рабочий буровой бригады)

· Tool Pusher (буровой мастер)

· Motorman (дизелист буровой бригады)

37. The equipment associated with a rig is to some extent dependent on the type of rig but typically includes at least some of the following items. Match the rig equipment and its description:

 

anchors	a container for boiling water that is a part of steam engine
BOPs (Blowout preventers)	store drilling fluid until it is required down the wellbore and to allow sand and silt to settle out before reuse
Boilers	hold a mobile offshore drilling rig in place while drilling is taking place
Centrifuges	separate gas from drilling fluid so that the mud can be safely re-used
Degassers	separate fine silt and sand from drilling fluid
Hydrocyclones	pieces of equipment installed at the wellhead to control pressures and fluids during drilling and completion and in particular to quickly close a well when something goes wrong in order to prevent spillage of mud, oil and/or flammable gas
Mud motors	pump drilling mud or cement through the system
Mud pits	separate coarse drilling cuttings from the drilling mud before it is pumped back down the borehole
Mud pumps	a machine that changes power into movement and is used for pumping the mud
Shale shakers	separate fine silt and sand from drilling fluid

 

38. Read the text and answer the questions given below:

Let's regard the construction of a jack-up not self-propelled drilling rig of Pomorye type. Her purpose is to carry out prospecting drilling oil and gas wells 6,500 meters deep at the depth of the sea from 20 up to 100 me­ters. The areas of operation are the Barents Sea and the Sea of Okhotsk. The conditions of operation are as follows:

· water depth (m)	100
· wave height (m)	15
· wind velocity (m/sec)	45
· current velocity(m/sec)	0.5

 

The rig is used in moderate-cold maritime climate. She is designed for operating in the ice conditions of fine smashed ice. On passage the strength of the wind is to be up to 6, sea- up to 5.

Displacement:
Not loaded (t)	14,780
Amount of supplies (t)	1,700
Specifications: Main dimensions:
Length (m)	88.2
Breadth (m)	68.0
Free board (m)	9.7
Draught, not loaded (m)	5.3
Draught with supplies (m)	5.5
Length of base (m)	142.8
Diameter of casing shoe (m)	16.0

                                      

Equipment:
Diesel-generator 1,800 kWt, 750 rpm, 690 V	3
Diesel-generator 500 kWt, 500 rpm, 400 V	1
Emergency diesel-generator 200 kWt, 150 rpm, 400 V	1
Boiler 2,5 t/h,7 kg/cm	2
Derrick, carrying capacity 400 t, height 53 m	1
Mud pump 950 kWt.	3
Cementing equipment, compressor station, logging equipment	3
Deck crane carrying capacity 63 t	2
Complement	90

Crewmembers are allocated in 35 double and 18 single cabins.

Vocabulary

self-propelled	самоходный
displacement, n	водоизмещение
free board	надводный борт
casing shoe	башмак обсадной колонны
derrick (boring frame)	стрела, вышка
mud pump	буровой насос
cementing equipment	цементировочное  оборудование
compressor station	компрессорная станция
logging equipment	каротажное оборудование
complement, n	численность экипажа

 

1. What is the purpose of the drilling rig of Pomorye type?

2. Where are the areas of her operation located?

3. What are the operating conditions of this drilling rig?

4. What is the displacement of the Pomorye type drilling rig?

5. What are the main dimensions of this drilling rig?

6. What equipment does she carry?

7. How many crewmembers are there on board this drilling rig?

8. Where do they live?

 

39. Read, translate the text and do the tasks given below:

Condeep platform

Underwater drilling is taking place today in many parts of the world - indeed off every continent. The managing director of a large interna­tional oil company said that over the next 25 years as much as one quarter of the additional oil and gas needed by the world would come from under the ocean bed - and at far greater depths than in the current exploration programmes.

Apart from drilling platforms, production facilities are needed to get the oil out of the ground. The Condeep platform shown here is a Norwe­gian design and consists of nineteen 66 feet diameter cylindrical cells 185 feet high. These cells form a base about 300 feet in diameter, from which three columns project to support the deck. The overall height from the sea bed to the helicopter deck is 650 feet. Sixteen of the cylindrical cells provide an oil storage volume of the million barrels while the other three form the bases of the columns.

Two of the supporting columns can be used for drilling (up to 35 wells) the third column is used for services. Constructing such a platform is, of course, far from easy. It is necessary to have a deep water con­struction site, and such sites are hard to find.

The Condeep base is built in a dry dock and then floated out to a deep water site. After that, the columns are constructed.

Vocabulary

Condeep platform	бетонное стационарное морское основание
cell, n	камера
column, n	колонна
support, v	поддерживать
barrel, n	баррель
base, n	основание
construction site	строительная площадка