Тема урока «Политическая система США»

Урок № 22

Тема урока «Политическая система США»

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст, выучите новые слова к тексту, сделайте тест письменно.

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE USA

       The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states. Each state has its own government («state government*). In some ways the United States is like 50 small countries.

       The government of the USA act according to the Constitution which was signed by the first thirteen representatives of thirteen original American states in 1787. The document was written in 1787 and since that time twenty six Amendments have been added. The first ten Amendments were simply rights or the Bill of rights. According to the Constitution the USA is a republic. So, the officials of any rank are elected by US citizens. Every citizen has rights which can not be violated.

       The Constitution proclaims a federal system of government which keeps both the states and the federal power from getting too much power. It means that the federal government is given certain powers, for example, to make peace or war, to issue money and to regulate the trade and so on.

       The federal power is located in Washington, D.C. It is based on legislative, executive and juridical branches of power.

       The legislative power is vested in Congress, which consists of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are 435 members in the House of Representatives and 100 senators in Congress. Each state elects two members for the Senate.

       The executive branch is headed by the President who is assist­ed by the Vice President. The President enforces federal laws, serves as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The President can veto a bill unless Congress by a two-thirds vote shall overrule him. The Vice President, elected from the same political party as the President, acts as chairman of the Senate, and in the event of the death of the President, assumes the Presidency. The President of the USA is chosen in nation-wide elections every 4 years together with the Vice-President. The President can not be elected for more than two terms. The Cabinet is made up of Department Secretaries. The most important of them is the Secretary of State, who deals with foreign affairs.

       The judicial branch is made up of Federal District Courts, 11 Federal Courts and the Supreme Court. Federal judges are appointed by the President for life. Federal courts decide cases involving federal law, conflicts between citizens of different states.

       Constitution has been amended twenty six times. The Bill of Rights guarantees individual liberties: freedom of word, religion and so on. Later amendments abolished slavery, granted the vote to women and colour people and allowed citizens to vote at the age of 18.

Новые слова к тексту:

to consist — состоять, составлять из

own — свой, собственный

to sign — подписать, подписывать

original — зд. первый

amendments — поправка (к резолюции, законопроекту)

according to — в соответсвии с, согласно officials — должностные лица, чиновники

citizen — гражданин

to violate — нарушать, попирать, преступать

to proclaim — провозглашать; объявлять

certain — точный, определенный

to issue money — выпускать деньги

to regulate the trade — регулировать торговлю

federal power — федеральная власть

to locate — находиться, размещаться

to vest — наделять (правом), давать права, облекать правом

branch — подразделение; ветвь (власти)

legislative — законодательный

executive — исполнительный

judiciary — судебный

house — зд. палата

the Senate — Сенат

the House of Representatives — Палата представителей

to assist — помогать, содействовать

the Vice President — вице-президент

elections — выборы

to enforce — принуждать, вынуждать (к чему-л,), за­ставлять; навязывать (кому-л. — on)

commander-in-chief — главнокомандующий

the armed forces — Вооруженные Силы

to veto — налагать вето (на что-л.), запрещать

bill — законопроект

overrule — отклонять, отказывать; отменять (чье-л. реше­ние); отвергать

chairman — председатель

to assume — принимать, брать на себя (ответственность, управление и т. п.); получать (должность)

the Cabinet — Кабинет (министров)

Department Secretaries — министры

the Secretary of State — государственный секретарь, глава внешнеполитического ведомства США

Federal District Court — Федеральный Окружной суд

the Supreme Court — Верховный суд federal judges — федеральные судьи to appoint — назначить

to amend — вносить изменения, вносить поправки (в зако­нопроект и т. п.)

to abolish — аннулировать, отменять, упразднять, объяв-, лять недействительным 1 slavery — рабство

to allow — позволять, разрешать

Урок № 23

Задание 2. Переведите устно текст и выполните тест. Ответы на тест пришлите преподавателю.

Washington

       Washington, the capital of the United States of America, is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. The district is a piece of land ten miles square and it does not belong to any separate state but to all the states. The district is named in honour of Columbus, the discoverer of America. The capital owes much to the first President of the USA -George Washington. It was G. Washington, who chose the place for the District and laid in 1790 the corner-stone of the Capitol, where Congress sits.
       Washington is not the largest city in the USA. It has a population of 900 000 people. Washington is a one-industry town. That industry is government. It does not produce anything except very much scrap paper. Every day 25 railway cars leave Washington loaded with scrap paper.
       Washington has many historical places.

United States Capitol

United States Capitol   The United States Capitol, often called the Capitol Building, is the home of the United States Congress and the seat of the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government.   It is located on Capitol Hill at the eastern end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.

The White House

The White House The White House is the official residence of the President of the USA. It is located in Washington. The building consists of 6 floors with different rooms including living space and halls for official receptions.   George Washington was the only American president who didn't live in the White House. When he was the President, the White House did not exist.   The White House was built in 1800. The famous Oval Office where the President of the USA works is located here. Washington Monument   The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington.   He was the first President of the United States (1789–1797). The monument is the world's tallest obelisk, standing 169 m tall. National Air and Space Museum   The National Air and Space Museum is one of the world's most visited museums.   The museum contains the Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia, the Bell X-1 which broke the sound barrier, and the Wright brothers' Wright Flyer airplane near the entrance. National Gallery of Art   The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C. The Gallery's collection of paintings, drawings, prints, photographs, sculpture, and decorative arts traces the development of Western Art from the Middle Ages to the present.   The collection includes Ginevra de' Benci (the only painting by Leonardo da Vinci in the Americas). Washington National Cathedral   Washington National Cathedral is an American cathedral of the Episcopal Church.   Construction began in 1907, when the foundation stone was laid in the presence of President Theodore Roosevelt, and ended 83 years later in the presence of President George H. W. Bush in 1990.

Тест № 2. Выполните тест и пришлите ответы.

1)  Washington, the capital of the United States of America, is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia.

a) True

b) False

2) The district is a piece of land ten miles square and it does not belong to any separate state but to all the states. The district is named in honour of Columbus, the discoverer of America.

a) False

b) True

3) The United States Capitol, often called the Capitol Building, is the home of the United States Congress and the seat of the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government.

a) True

b) False

4) The White House is the official residence of the President of the USA. It is located in Washington. The building consists of 6 floors with different rooms including living space and halls for official receptions.

a) True

b) False

5) The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington.

a) True

b) False

6) The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C.

a) False

b) True

7) Washington National Cathedral is an American cathedral of the Episcopal Church.

a) True

b) False

 

Урок № 24

Тема урока «Австралия»

Задание 3. Прочитайте тексты, выучите новые слова и выражения к текстам.

Слова к текстам:
to lie — находиться
to be situated — быть расположенным
mainland — материк
Latin — латинский
Commonwealth of Australia — Австралийский Союз
federation — федерация
state — штат
territory — территория
capital — столица
government — правительство
tie — связь
Commonwealth of Nations — Британское Содружество наций
income — доход
standard of living — уровень жизни

Australia-1

       Australia is the only country in the world that is also a continent. It is the sixth largest country and the smallest continent. It lies between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. The name of the country comes from Latin word "australis" which means "southern". The country's official name is Commonwealth of Australia.

       The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states. Australia has six states — New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. Each state has its government.

       About 23 million people live in Australia nowadays. The natives of the country are called Aborigines. Now they occupy a very small part of the country’s population due to the former extrusion of the native people in the past.

       The capital of Australia is Canberra. All the government buildings are situated there.
The capital is also the home of many cultural institutions, such as Australian National University, National Gallery, National Museum, Royal Military College, Australian Institute of Sport and many others.

       The largest and the most visited city in Australia is Sydney. With the population of more than 4.6 million people. There is a great number of attractions in Sydney. The most well–known ones are Sydney Opera House, Sydney Harbour Bridge, St. Mary's Catholic Cathedral and others.

       The country has some unique species of animals, which can’t be found anywhere else. Among them, koalas, kangaroos, wallabies, flightless emus, wombats and many others. So, the Australian Zoos can be another place of interest for tourists.

The Climate of Australia

       Australian seasons are the antithesis of those in Europe and North America (because Australia is south of the Equator): summer starts in December (ends in February), autumn in March (ends in May), winter in June (ends in August) and spring in September (ends in November).

       Seasonal variations are not extreme and its rare for temperatures to drop below zero on the mainland except in the mountains.

       The country occupies the whole continent, so the climate is different in different regions of the country.

       Darwin, in the far north, is in the monsoon belt, where there are just two seasons: hot and wet, and hot and dry.

       The southern states are popular during the summer months, but the best time to visit is probably the seasons of spring or autumn when the weather in the south is mild. Spring in the outback can be spectacular if rains encourage wildflowers.
Average annual temperatures vary from about 27 °C in the north of the continent to 13 °C in the south. Floods and cyclones are rather common along the coast of the continent.

       Summer (December-February) can get uncomfortably hot just about anywhere, except Tasmania. If you're in the southern states during these months its great beach weather. Up north, this is the wet season, when it's very, very humid and when the sea abounds with box jellyfish.

       From June until August things have cooled down a little and dried up a lot up north. This is a good time to visit Queensland or the outback. If you're here for the skiing, now's the time to head for the snowfields of Victoria and New South Wales. Overall, spring and autumn are probably the safest bets — the weather is reasonably mild wherever you are, and spring brings out the wild-flowers in the outback, while autumn is particularly beautiful in Canberra and in the Victorian Alps.

       Between the arid interior and the well-watered coasts lies a wide belt with average annual precipitation of about 760 mm.

Australia-2

Geographical position

       Australia is the smallest continent between the Indian and Pacific oceans. With the island state of Tasmania to the south, the contitent makes up the Commonwealth of Australia, a federal parliamentary state the total area is 7 686 810 sq.km. Australia’s capital is Canberra. Its largest city is Sydney, closely followed in population by Melbourne. There are five continental states in the nation (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia). The population of Australia is about 15 million people. There are only 40 000 aborigines. The first Europians settled in 1788. There are more about 200 nationalities in Australia.

Wild animals

       Kangaroos live in Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea and New Zealand. Their strong legs and feet help them to hop and leap. Kangaroos usually have one young baby. The native birds of Australia are very interesting. The emu is the next tallest bird in the world after the ostrich.

Sydney

       Sydney is Australia’s largest city, chief port and main cultural and industrial center. Its main exports are wool, wheat, flour, sheepskins and meat, the chief imports are petroleum, coal, timber and sugar. The city was founded in 1788 as the first penal settlement of Australia. Its name was taken from a cave named for Captain Cook’s patron Viscount Sydney. Among its museums are the National Gallery of Art and the Australian Museum (natural history). The dramatic, modernistic Sydney Opera House complex was largely designed by Joem Wizen.

Who discovered Australia?

a) Christopher Columbus b) Captain Cook * c) Lewis and Clark

7. Australia is not a(n):

a) island b) city * c) continent

Урок № 25

Тема урока «Канада»

Задание 4. Прочитайте текст устно.

Canada

       Canada is situated on the north of Northern America, washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west, and the Arctic Ocean in the north and in the northeast by the Baffin Bay and the Davis Strait, which separate it from Greenland, In the south and in the north Canada borders on the USA. It is a land of vast distances and rich natural resources. Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Canada's territory is the world's second largest country, surpassed in size only by Russia. It includes many islands, notably the Canadian Arctic Islands, also called Arctic Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbour to the south. The total area is about 10 million sq km. Canada is slightly larger than the US. It is an important manufacturer, and its major cities, such as Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Edmonton, Calgary and Winnipeg are centres of commerce and industry.

       The climate of Canada varies from temperate in the south to subarctic and arctic in the north. The highest Canadian point is Mount Logan 5,959 m. The population of Canada is about 32 million people. There are two state languages: English and French. English is spoken by 60 % of population; French is spoken by 23 % of people.

       Most of Canada's inhabitants live in the southern part of the country and vast areas of the north are sparsely inhabited. The country is divided into ten provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan) and three territories (Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory, Nunavut Territory). The third territory called Nunavut, to be carved from the present Northwest Territories, was created in 1999.
       The name Canada is derived from an Iroquoian term meaning «village».

       Among the great rivers of Canada there are the Saint Lawrence River, draining the Great Lakes and emptying into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence; the Ottawa and the Saguenay rivers, the principal affluents of the Saint Lawrence River; the Saint John River, emptying into the Bay of Fundy.

       The government type is confederation with parliamentary democracy. The capital of Canada is Ottawa.

Canada became independent from the United Kingdom on July, 1, 1867. Legal system is based on the English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on the French law prevails.

       The racial and ethnic makeup of the Canadian people is diversified. About 35 percent of the population is composed of people of the British origin. People of the French origin total about 25 percent of the population. The vast majority of French-speaking Canadians reside in Quebec, where they make up about three-fourths of the population; large numbers also live in Ontario and New Brunswick.

       French-speaking Canadians maintain their language, culture, and traditions, and the federal government follows the policy of a bilingual and bicultural nation. During the 1970s and 1980s the proportion of Asians among the Canadian population increased, and today those who count their ancestry as wholly Asian make up 8 to 10 percent of the population. More than two-thirds of the Asian immigrants live in Ontario or British Columbia. The remainder of the population is composed of people of various ethnic groups, such as German, Italian, Ukrainian, Netherlands Dutch, Scandinavian, Polish, Hungarian, Greek, and Native American. Blacks have never constituted\a major segment of the Canadian population. Indigenous people make up nearly 2 percent of Canada's inhabitants.

       The largest religious community in Canada is Roman Catholic. Nearly half of Canadians who are Roman Catholic live in Quebec. Of the Protestant denominations in Canada the largest is the United Church of Canada, followed by the Anglican Church of Canada. Other important Protestant groups are the Baptist, Presbyterian and Lutheran. Nearly 2 percent of the population are Orthodox. Muslim and Jewish adherents each number about 1 percent. A substantial number of Buddhists, Hindus and Sikhs have been brought to the country in recent years by immigration. Nearly 13 percent of Canadians claim no religion.

 

Слова к тексту:

independent federative state – независимое федеративное государство

the most developed – наиболее развитый

provinces - провинции

territories - территории

the west - запад

the east - восток

percent - процент

is covered - покрыты

glacier ice - ледник

are occupied by - заняты

bank - берег

bridge - мост

timber – лесная промышленность

mining – горная промышленность

chemical – химическая промышленность

wheat - пшеница

barley - ячмень

flax - лен

prosperous - процветающий

founding member - основатель

United Nations – Организация Объединенных Наций

 

Итоговая контрольная работа

(Комплект материалов для оценки сформированности компетенций по учебной дисциплине в форме итоговой контрольной работы № 2)

Итоговая контрольная работа

(Комплект материалов для оценки сформированности компетенций по учебной дисциплине в форме итоговой контрольной работы № 2)

Вариант № 1

Задание 1

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 1-12, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 1-12.

Steve Jobs

1	Steve Jobs was the co-founder and CEO of Apple Inc. and former CEO of Pixar Animation Studios. He was the __________ individual shareholder	LARGE
2	in Walt Disney. Jobs’ name ____ with innovative products like the iPod, iPhone, iTunes and iPad. He was a much-respected corporate leader whose management style is studied worldwide.	ASSOCIATE
3	His attention to design, function and style ____	WIN
4	him millions of fans. Jobs _____ in San	BARE
5	Francisco in 1955.He _________ interested in	BECOME
6	computers when he ______ a teenager and attended lectures after school at Hewlett Packard. In 1974, Jobs got a job as a technician at the video game maker Atari. He saved enough money to backpack around India and	BE
7	then returned to Atari, where he _____ Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak.	MEET

 

8	Jobs and Wozniak founded Apple in 1976. Jobs persuaded Wozniak to make a computer and sell it. Together, they developed the Mac. It was the first small computer with a user-friendly interface to be commercially ________.	SUCCSESS
9	Jobs also built the computer on which the World Wide Web was created. He developed a passion for style and functional _____, which became Apple trademarks.	PERFECT
10	Jobs guided Apple to be a major _____ in the	PLAY
11	digital revolution. The _____ of the iMac and other cutting-edge products made Apple a powerful brand with a loyal following. Jobs also	INTRODUCE
12	enjoyed ______success at Pixar. He created Oscar-winning movies such as ‘Toy Story’ and ‘Finding Nemo’. Jobs’ advice for success is: “You’ve got to find what you love." He died in October 2011, aged 56.	CONSIDER

Steve Jobs

1) Steve Jobs was the co-founder and CEO of Apple Inc. and former CEO of Pixar Animation Studios. He was the __________ individual shareholder in Walt Disney.

a) largest

b) large

c) larger

2) Jobs’ name ____ with innovative products like the iPod, iPhone, iTunes and iPad. He was a much-respected corporate leader whose management style is studied worldwide.

a) associate

b) is associated

c) associates

3) His attention to design, function and style ____ him millions of fans. 

a) win

b) won

c) wins

4) Jobs _____ in San Francisco in 1955.

a) bare

b) was born

c) bares

5) He _________ interested in computers when he was a teenager and attended lectures after school at Hewlett Packard.

a) become

b) became

c) becomes

6) He became interested in computers when he _____ a teenager and attended lectures after school at Hewlett Packard.

a) was

b) be

c) were

7) He saved enough money to backpack around India and then returned to Atari, where he _____ Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak.

a) meet

b) met

c) meets

8) Together, they developed the Mac. It was the first small computer with a user-friendly interface to be commercially ________.

a) successful

b) success

c) successes

9) Jobs also built the computer on which the World Wide Web was created. He developed a passion for style and functional _____, which became Apple trademarks.

a) perfect

b) perfection

c) perfections

10) Jobs guided Apple to be a major _____ in the digital revolution.

a) play

b) player

c) plays

11) The _____ of the iMac and other cutting-edge products made Apple a powerful brand with a loyal following.

a) introduction

b) introduce

c) introduces

12) Jobs also enjoyed ______success at Pixar.

a) consider

b) considerable

c) considers

Задание 2. Поставьте глагол в Present Indefinite Passive.

1. This museum … usually visited by me with great interest.

a) is

b) are

c) been

d) be

2. This text … usually translated by the students with the help of the teacher.

a) are

b) is

c) been

d) be

3. The letters … often written by him with a pencil.

a) is

b) are

c) been

d) be

4. We … often met by him near the college.

a) is

b) been

c) are

d) be

5. As a rule the exams … passed by him successfully.

a) be

b) is

c) been

d) are

Вариант № 2

Задание 1

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 1-12, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию1-12.

Bill Gates

1	William Henry Gates III ______ on October 28, 1955. He is one of the world's richest people and	BORN
2	perhaps ________ businessman ever. He co-founded the software giant Microsoft and turned it	SUCCESS
3	into the world’s _____ software company. He is the bestknown entrepreneur of the PC revolution. He has also written two best-selling books and	LARGE
4	started his own charity with ____ wife.	HE
5	Gates ________ with electronics from a young age. In 1975 he read about a small technology company. He contacted them to see if they were	FASCINATE
6	interested in a computer programme he _____. This led to the creation of Microsoft. Gates later struck a deal with IBM that put Microsoft's	WRITE
7	Windows on IBM computers. This deal _____ Microsoft a major player in the IT industry.	MAKE

 

8	Gates was in charge at Microsoft from 1975 until 2006. He was an active software ______ at the beginning. He had a vision that computers could change everyone’s life. He helped make this vision come true and developed many products	DEVELOP
9	that are now part of modern life. His ______ style has been studied and copied around the world. Gates stepped down as Microsoft CEO in June 2008. He now spends his time with his wife,	MANAGE
10	Melinda, focusing on their _________________	CHARITY
11	_________. They provide funds for global problems that are ignored by governments and	FOUND
12	other _______. ‘Time’ magazine voted Gates as one of the biggest influences of the 20th Century. Scientists named the Bill Gates flower fly after him.	ORGANIZE

Bill Gates

1) William Henry Gates III ______ on October 28, 1955.

a) born

b) was born

c) is born

2) He is one of the world's richest people and perhaps ________ businessman ever.

a) success

b) the most successful

c) successes

3) He co-founded the software giant Microsoft and turned it into the world’s _____ software company.

a) large

b) largest

c) larger

4) He has also written two best-selling books and started his own charity with ____ wife.

a) he

b) his

c) him

5) Gates ________ with electronics from a young age.

a) fascinated

b) was fascinated

c) fascinates

6) He contacted them to see if they were interested in a computer programme he _____.

a) write

b) had written

c) writes

7) This deal _____ Microsoft a major player in the IT industry.

a) make

b) makes

c) made

8) Gates was in charge at Microsoft from 1975 until 2006. He was an active software ______ at the beginning.

a) developer

b) develop

c) dev

9) His ______ style has been studied and copied around the world.

a) management

b) manage

c) mana

10) Melinda, focusing on their _________________ foundation.

a) charity

b) charitable

c) char

11) They provide funds for global problems that are ignored by governments and other charitable _______.

a) found

b) foundation

c) founds

12) They provide funds for global problems that are ignored by governments and other _______.

a) organizations

b) organize

c) org.

Задание 2. Поставьте глагол в Present Indefinite Passive.

1. The composition about the holidays … always written by the students.

a) are

b) is

c) been

d) be

2. This museum … usually visited by me with great interest.

a) is

b) are

c) been

d) be

3. Saturdays and Sundays … never spent by them at home.

a) is

b) are

c) been

d) be

4. We … often met by him near the college.

a) is

b) are

c) been

d) be

5. Museums and exhibitions … often visited by our family.

a) be

b) is

c) been

d) be

 

 

Вариант № 3

Задание 1

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 1-12, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 1-12.

Sir Timothy Berners-Lee

1	Sir Timothy Berners-Lee is a British computer __ who invented the World Wide Web. He received a knighthood from the British Queen for his efforts	SCIENCE
2	(so he is called ‘Sir’). He is _________ of W3C,	DIRECTOR
3	which looks after the Web’s ______. A leading British newspaper ranked him as the world’s greatest living genius. Today’s world would be	DEVELOP
4	very __________________________without	DIFFER
5	his _________.	DISCOVER

 

6	Berners-Lee was born in 1955 to parents who _______ mathematicians and computer scientists. He grew up with numbers and electronics and managed to build his	BE
7	own computer. He went to Oxford University and ____from using the computers for hacking.	BAN
8	Berners-Lee graduated with a degree in physics. His ____ jobs after graduating were as a computer programmer and software developer.	ONE
9	Berners-Lee _____ the 1980s on a project based on sharing and updating information online. In 1991, he put the first website online. It explained what the	SPEND
10	World Wide Web was and how it______. He gave his idea to the world for free. In 1994, Berners-Lee founded W3C to set standards and improve the quality of the Web.	USE
11	Berners-Lee now _____ his time between W3C and as a professor of computer science in England. He also writes about the future of the Web. In 2004, he was named as the first ever winner of the Millennium Technology Prize. He has a string of other awards and	SPEND
12	is listed as one of ‘Time’ magazine’s 100 ____ people of the 20th Century.	IMPORTANT

Sir Timothy Berners-Lee

1) Sir Timothy Berners-Lee is a British computer __ who invented the World Wide Web.

a) science

b) scientist

c) sciences

2) He is _________ of W3C, which looks after the Web’s development.

a) director

b) directors

c) dire

3) He is director of W3C, which looks after the Web’s _________.

a) development

b) develop

c) devel

4) Today’s world would be very _____without his discovery.

a) different

b) differ

c) diff

5) Today’s world would be very differentwithout his _________.

a) discovery

b) discover

c) disco

6) Berners-Lee was born in 1955 to parents who _______ mathematicians and computer scientists.

a) be

b) was

c) were

7) He went to Oxford University and ____from using the computers for hacking.

a) ban

b) was banned

c) banned

8) His ____ jobs after graduating were as a computer programmer and software developer.

a) one

b) first

c) second

9) Berners-Lee _____ the 1980s on a project based on sharing and updating information online. In 1991, he put the first website online.

a) spend

b) spent

c) spends

10) It explained what the World Wide Web was and how it______.

a) use

b) was used

c) used

11) Berners-Lee now _____ his time between W3C and as a professor of computer science in England.

a) spends

b) spent

c) spend

12) He has a string of other awards and is listed as one of ‘Time’ magazine’s 100 ____ people of the 20th Century.

a) most important

b) important

c) importanter

Задание 2. Поставьте глагол в Present Indefinite Passive.

 

1. This text … usually translated by the students with the help of the teacher.

a) are

b) is

c) been

d) be

2. This museum … usually visited by me with great interest.

a) been

b) are

c) is

d) be

3. The letters … often written by him with a pencil.

a) is

b) are

c) been

d) be

4. We … often met by him near the college.

a) is

b) are

c) been

d) be

5. As a rule the exams … passed by him successfully.

a) be

b) is

c) been

d) are

 

 

 

Урок № 22

Тема урока «Политическая система США»

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст, выучите новые слова к тексту, сделайте тест письменно.

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE USA

       The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states. Each state has its own government («state government*). In some ways the United States is like 50 small countries.

       The government of the USA act according to the Constitution which was signed by the first thirteen representatives of thirteen original American states in 1787. The document was written in 1787 and since that time twenty six Amendments have been added. The first ten Amendments were simply rights or the Bill of rights. According to the Constitution the USA is a republic. So, the officials of any rank are elected by US citizens. Every citizen has rights which can not be violated.

       The Constitution proclaims a federal system of government which keeps both the states and the federal power from getting too much power. It means that the federal government is given certain powers, for example, to make peace or war, to issue money and to regulate the trade and so on.

       The federal power is located in Washington, D.C. It is based on legislative, executive and juridical branches of power.

       The legislative power is vested in Congress, which consists of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are 435 members in the House of Representatives and 100 senators in Congress. Each state elects two members for the Senate.

       The executive branch is headed by the President who is assist­ed by the Vice President. The President enforces federal laws, serves as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The President can veto a bill unless Congress by a two-thirds vote shall overrule him. The Vice President, elected from the same political party as the President, acts as chairman of the Senate, and in the event of the death of the President, assumes the Presidency. The President of the USA is chosen in nation-wide elections every 4 years together with the Vice-President. The President can not be elected for more than two terms. The Cabinet is made up of Department Secretaries. The most important of them is the Secretary of State, who deals with foreign affairs.

       The judicial branch is made up of Federal District Courts, 11 Federal Courts and the Supreme Court. Federal judges are appointed by the President for life. Federal courts decide cases involving federal law, conflicts between citizens of different states.

       Constitution has been amended twenty six times. The Bill of Rights guarantees individual liberties: freedom of word, religion and so on. Later amendments abolished slavery, granted the vote to women and colour people and allowed citizens to vote at the age of 18.

Новые слова к тексту:

to consist — состоять, составлять из

own — свой, собственный

to sign — подписать, подписывать

original — зд. первый

amendments — поправка (к резолюции, законопроекту)

according to — в соответсвии с, согласно officials — должностные лица, чиновники

citizen — гражданин

to violate — нарушать, попирать, преступать

to proclaim — провозглашать; объявлять

certain — точный, определенный

to issue money — выпускать деньги

to regulate the trade — регулировать торговлю

federal power — федеральная власть

to locate — находиться, размещаться

to vest — наделять (правом), давать права, облекать правом

branch — подразделение; ветвь (власти)

legislative — законодательный

executive — исполнительный

judiciary — судебный

house — зд. палата

the Senate — Сенат

the House of Representatives — Палата представителей

to assist — помогать, содействовать

the Vice President — вице-президент

elections — выборы

to enforce — принуждать, вынуждать (к чему-л,), за­ставлять; навязывать (кому-л. — on)

commander-in-chief — главнокомандующий

the armed forces — Вооруженные Силы

to veto — налагать вето (на что-л.), запрещать

bill — законопроект

overrule — отклонять, отказывать; отменять (чье-л. реше­ние); отвергать

chairman — председатель

to assume — принимать, брать на себя (ответственность, управление и т. п.); получать (должность)

the Cabinet — Кабинет (министров)

Department Secretaries — министры

the Secretary of State — государственный секретарь, глава внешнеполитического ведомства США

Federal District Court — Федеральный Окружной суд

the Supreme Court — Верховный суд federal judges — федеральные судьи to appoint — назначить

to amend — вносить изменения, вносить поправки (в зако­нопроект и т. п.)

to abolish — аннулировать, отменять, упразднять, объяв-, лять недействительным 1 slavery — рабство

to allow — позволять, разрешать