Lesson 9 Concepts and theory of land use planning

Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:

adopt – принимать,

assess – оценивать,

assistance – содействие, помощь,

awareness – осведомлённость, ознакомление,

bottom-up and top-down land use planning – «восходящее» и «нисходящее» землеустройство,

carry out – выполнять, осуществлять,

 conservation – сохранность, консервация,

different disadvantages – различные недостатки,

exist – существовать,

feasibility – возможность, осуществляемость,

higher level support – поддержка на высшем уровне,

impact – воздействовать, оказывать влияние,

involve – включать, вовлекать,

in widely scattered places – в широко распространенных местах,

lack – недостаток, нужда, отсутствие (чего-либо),

measure – мера, мероприятие (v.) – измерять,

misuse – злоупотребление,

mix – смесь, путаница, беспорядок,

option – вариант,

planning strategy – стратегия планирования,

recreational – рекреационный,

resolve – разрешать, решать,

rural – сельский,

sectoral – ведомственный, отраслевой,

suitability matching – соответствующий подбор,

technical agencies – технические структуры.

Read and translate the text

Rural and agricultural land use planning

Land use planning can be defined as the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternative systems of land use and other physical, social and economic conditions. The purpose is to select and adopt land use options which are the most beneficial to land users without degrading the resources or the environment, together with the selection of measures most likely to encourage such land uses. In the broadest meaning of the term, land use planning deals with planning for all types of land use (rural, urban, industrial, recreational, etc.). Land use planning involves many aspects of planning such as designing planning options, evaluation of feasibility (economic, environmental, social impact assessment), providing assistance to decision maker, implementation and monitoring of plans. Rural land use planning is concerned with all (economic) activities in rural areas, such as agriculture, pastoralism, forestry, wildlife conservation and tourism. Besides evaluation of the potential of different activities, rural land use planning assists in resolving conflicts of interests between groups of land users. Some of the key aspects of agricultural land use planning are physical and socio-economic ones. Physical aspects involve land evaluation (mapping, analysis, suitability matching), identification of opportunities for change (improve existing land use system, suggest new land use systems), natural resources management (sustainable land use systems). The objectives of socio-economic aspects include identification of target groups, weighting options and connection with other administration/ planning. Such land legislation as access to land, ownership of resources, land reforms are also included in socio-economic aspects as well as training technical staff, farmers and financial framework like credit schemes and products marketing. Land is a limited resource and the misuse of land can lead to such problem as non-sustainable land use: processes of overexploitation (overgrazing, deforestation, erosion hazard). We need to conserve land resources for future use through sustainable land uses. For successful land use planning it is important to determine the best use of the land. It is necessary to take into consideration efficiency, equity, acceptability and sustainability of the land.

Find the pairs of synonyms

Local, start, benefit, advantage, option, vantage, choice, begin, regional, income.

Find the pair of antonyms

Satisfied, find, high, popular, encourage, low, unpopular, lose, narrow, wide, discourage, unsatisfied.

Translate from Russian into English

Человек, принимающий решение; сельскохозяйственное землеустройство; оценка возможности; сохранять земельные ресурсы; опасность эрозии; ограниченный ресурс; "нисходящее" землеустройство (инициатива сверху); "восходящее" землеустройство (инициатива снизу); стратегия планирования; большие преимущества; региональный уровень; вариант землеустройства; большие площади; полагаться только на одну стратегию.