Банк ответов заданий ЕГЭ с ФИПИ

Банк ответов заданий ЕГЭ с ФИПИ

По английскому языку

(методическое пособие)

 

                                                                     Автор проекта:

Оханова Милена Сергеевна,

                                                                                   ученица 10 а класса   МКОУ гимназии г.Слободского

                                                                         Руководитель проекта: Антипина Е.П.

                                                                          учитель иностранного языка высшей квалификационной

                                                                  категории МКОУ гимназии г.Слободского

 

Слободской,

2020

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

  Введение ……………………………………………………………………..3

 ВАРИАНТЫ ЗАДАНИЙ

Вариант 1……………………………………………………………….......5

Вариант 2…………………………………………………………………...23

Вариант 3…………………………………………………………………...38

ОТВЕТЫ К ЗАДАНИЯМ …………………………………..……………….54

Заключение ……………………………………………….……….…………71

Использованные ресурсы ….………………………………………………72

Приложения ………………………………………………………………….73

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Введение

Стремление среди молодёжи постигнуть чужую культуру, нравы, традиции, менталитет и историю растёт с каждым годом. Так, один из способов понять иностранцев – понять их «образ мыслей» - их язык. Поэтому иностранный, в особенности английский язык, становится всё популярнее, и выпускники выбирают свою будущую деятельность именно в данной области. В итоге ребята сдают Единый Государственный Экзамен по английскому языку. В связи с чем и была выбрана тема данной работы «Создание банка ответов заданий по английскому языку с сайта ФИПИ».

Актуальность выбранной темы обусловлена тем, что Федеральный Институт Педагогических Измерений (ФИПИ) – государственное учреждение, которое занимается исследованиями в области оценки качества образования. На его официальном сайте находится множество заданий ВПР, ОГЭ и ЕГЭ, которые могут решать учащиеся для подготовки к экзаменам. Но ФИПИ не предоставляет ответы, что усложняет самопроверку.

Проект «Банк ответов заданий ЕГЭ с ФИПИ по английскому языку» создан для того, чтобы учащиеся могли проверить ответы решённых вариантов, увеличить свой словарный запас и, соответственно, более качественно подготовиться к сдаче Единого Государственного Экзамена по английскому языку.

 

Для осуществления данного проекта была поставлена   цель - предоставление банка ответов к тестам ЕГЭ по английскому языку.

Для достижения данной цели  необходимо решить следующие задачи:

1. Паспорт проекта: определиться с темой, актуальностью, целью и задачами

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2. Решить варианты Единого Государственного Экзамена по английскому языку с сайта ФИПИ

3. Распределить ответы в соответствии с КИМами

4. Создать банк ответов в электронной форме и представить его общественности

В связи с поставленной темой, была выдвинута гипотеза, чтоданный проект поможет учащимся научиться быстро решать тесты, проверить и пополнить свои знания, и, соответственно, лучше подготовиться к экзамену по английскому языку.

 

Источником данной работы является непосредственно сам ФИПИ [1]        

 

Результатом данной работы будет качественная подготовка учащихся к ЕГЭ по английскому языку благодаря самопроверке знаний.

Продукт: Банк ответов на задания сайта ФИПИ для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку в электронном варианте.

 

В первой главе представлены варианты ЕГЭ для учащихся, во второй – ответы к ним.

 

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Вариант 1

Задание 1

Вы услы­ши­те 6 вы­ска­зы­ва­ний. Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между вы­ска­зы­ва­ни­я­ми каж­до­го го­во­ря­ще­го A–F и утвер­жде­ни­я­ми, дан­ны­ми в спис­ке 1–7. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дое утвер­жде­ние, обо­зна­чен­ное со­от­вет­ству­ю­щей циф­рой, толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии есть одно лиш­нее утвер­жде­ние. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

1. I am sure that wise attitude to basic earth supplies is necessary.

2. I find many simple ways to help our planet in everyday life.

3. I am for the use of energy saving practices in house construction.

4. I do not want my family to live in polluted environment.

5. I am afraid of the after-effects of human activities.

6. I would like to see new energy saving laws introduced.   

7. I feel unhappy because I can’t change public attitude to our planet.

 

 

Го­во­ря­щий	A	B	C	D	E	F
Утвер­жде­ние

.

Задание 2 Вы услы­ши­те диа­лог. Опре­де­ли­те, какие из при­ведённых утвер­жде­ний А–G со­от­вет­ству­ют со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста (1 – True), какие не со­от­вет­ству­ют (2 – False) и о чём в тек­сте не ска­за­но, то есть на ос­но­ва­нии тек­ста нель­зя дать ни по­ло­жи­тель­но­го, ни от­ри­ца­тель­но­го от­ве­та (3 – Not stated). За­не­си­те номер вы­бран­но­го Вами ва­ри­ан­та от­ве­та в таб­ли­цу. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

A) Mike is five years older than his sister.

B) The family members live in different parts of the country.

C) Mike’s father had a very happy childhood.

D) Mike’s father retired because of his poor health.

E) Mike’s mother and father first met each other being on holidays.

F) Mike and his sister do not seem to be very close.

G) Mike and his sister were brought up in the same way.

 

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За­пи­ши­те в ответ цифры, рас­по­ло­жив их в по­ряд­ке, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щем бук­вам:

 

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

 

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Вы услышите репортаж. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды. Задание 3 Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3. What does Jessica say about the reaction to her new album?

1) She got more criticisms than compliments.   2) It was really upsetting for her.   3) Some people thought she’s shallow.

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Задание 4

Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

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What kind of person does Jessica appear to be?

1) Self-confident.   2) Modest.   3) Unhappy.

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Задание 5

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What does Jessica say about her work on the lyrics?

1) She prefers to invite co-writers.   2) She usually works on them at the end.   3) She works on them in the studio.

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Задание 6

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Jessica prefers the working process to be …

1) spontaneous.   2) creative.   3) regulated.

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Задание 7

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What is Jessica’s attitude to live performances?

1) She rather likes them.   2) They scare her.   3) She prefers studio work to them.

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Задание 8

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Which of the following is TRUE about Jessica’s London show?

1) She played all the old hits there.   2) She was its main artist.   3) She had expected a bigger crowd.

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What kind of shows does Jessica dislike?

1) Solo shows.   2) Small shows.   3) Support shows.

Задание 9

Задание 10

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

 

 

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1. Naturally different

2. Big age difference

3. Different opinions

4. Different ambitions

5. Small differences

6. No difference at all

7. Different rules

8. Learning to be different

 

A. John and James are identical twins but they don’t go to the same school. Their parents felt this would help them develop individual tastes, interests and styles-but the boys at first hated the idea. Now they are really happy at their schools but occasionally they swap places just for fun! The brothers are best friends but they now agree that their parents were probably correct.

 

B. Anna and Beth are twin sisters but they are most unlike each other. Technically they are “non-identical” twins. Anna is blonde and Beth is a brunette. Anna is noisy, energetic and always crashing around to hip hop and rap. Beth is much quieter and likes listening to classical music and reading. Anna eats anything and Beth is a vegetarian. But they are, absolutely, the closest and best of friends.

 

C. The Perkins children, Sally and John, both study hard every evening after college and most weekends. Sally studies French, history and Art. She plans to go to university in Paris and wants to either work in a museum or an art sale room. John studies the Russian language, business studies and math. He wants to study in St. Petersburg and to set up his own import business. I am sure both will succeed.

 

D. Greg’s dad believes that there is no original, exciting new music being written and performed today. Greg strongly disagrees and can name several new bands and singers that are both completely original and really popular. But his Dad is a professional musician and was quite successful when he was young. He argues that nearly every successful song now is simply a reworked version of an older one.

 

E. In the UK you can legally do different things depending on your age. You can vote for a new government at 18 but at 17 you cannot drink a beer. At 16 you can marry and become a parent but you cannot drive to your wedding or make a traditional toast! Meanwhile lots of bars and clubs are open only to people above 21 which means, married, voting, car driving parents could still be too young to

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enter.

 

F. Serious stamp collectors are men and women who appreciate details. To the casual observer, the oldest postage stamps in the world — the Victorian “Penny Blacks” — all look identical. Millions were made but only a few of them are truly valuable. A serious collector knows this and the ability to find tiny variations in the paper, ink or code used helps them to find the “Penny Black’s” that are rare and valuable. 

 

G. Dina Ruiz has Japanese and black ancestry on her father’s side of the family and English, Welsh and German on her mother’s. She was born in California and married her husband, actor Clint Eastwood, in Las Vegas. When she first met Eastwood, she was 28 and he was 63. She is most famous as a TV news “anchor” and is Chair of The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts.

 

Текст	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Заголовок

 

Задание 11

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 — лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

London Zoo London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London Zoo and A __________! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population. Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save. 9   That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as eliminate other dangers B __________.                        But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, C __________. In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for animals D __________. They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre. Then there are numerous special Highlight events E __________ unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are interested in about the animals they care for, F __________. Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do!

 

1. because they see and touch them close up 2. such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs 3. as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo 4. that is not counting every ant in the colony 5. which demand much time and effort 6. which take place every day, from 7. despite the serious side to our work   A B C D E F Часть пред­ло­же­ния             10

Задания 12-18

 

 

Прочитайте журнальную статью о книге и выполните задания 12-18. Установите соответствие номера задания выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Задание 12

Which of the following is mentioned among the reasons for poorer sleep?

1) Work for telecom firms.   2) Consumption of drugs.   3) Work done at home.   4) Lack of communication.

Задание 13. According to the research, just about … percent of people have the recommended number of sleeping hours.

1) forty   2) twenty   3) thirty   4) ten

12 Задание 1 4.  Paragraph 4 stresses that …

1) the “sleep score” in Britain is relatively low.   2) many people in Britain are unaware of sleeping disorders.   3) the number of Britons who don’t get enough sleep is alarming.   4) British workers get more sleep than American ones.

Задание 15 The inadequate nighttime rest of employees might result in …

1) brain damage.   2) inefficiency at work.   3) lack of job satisfaction.   4) problems with alcohol.

Задание 16 What does “sleep hygiene” NOT involve?

1) Professional help.   2) A darkened room.   3) A relaxing book.   4) Regular bedtime.

Задание 17 The phrase “ vicious cycle ” in paragraph 7 means …

1) a sudden wave of tiredness.   2) a course of everyday events.   3) a large amount of extra work.   4) a repetitive cycle of poor sleep consequences.

13 Задание 18 What, according to the article, is important for good quality sleep?

1) Higher productivity at work.   2) A five-day working week.   3) Five to seven hours of nighttime sleep.   4) Absence of health problems.

  Задания 19-25

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слова так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

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Задание 19

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Unfortunately, during the ceremony the bridegroom __________________ anyone take pictures of the unusual garment. NOT LET

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Задание 20

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What do you know about Franz Joseph Haydn? A German composer of the Classical period, he was one of the __________________ musicians of his time. FAMOUS

 

 

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Задание 21

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Haydn __________________ much of his career as a court musician for the wealthy Esterhazy family at their mansion. SPEND

Задание 22                                     Конец формы

                

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The result of this was that Haydn __________________ from other composers and trends in music of the 18th century. ISOLATE

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Задание 23

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When it was time for him to leave the Esterhazy family, he wrote his “Farewell Symphony”. This musical piece __________________ popular for centuries ever since it was first presented to the public. BE

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Задание 24

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What do you know about the invention of the compass? You might think that sailors __________________ the compass for centuries to navigate in the open sea. USE

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Задание 25

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The truth is, there was no such thing as the compass in ancient times, and even after __________________ invention the compass wasn’t used all that much for marine navigation. IT

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В заданиях 26-31 преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.

Задание 26 Начало формыКонец формы

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Blackpool is not on the list of top British places to go, but the northern seaside resort of Blackpool still draws tourists. About 6 million __________________ come to the town every year. VISIT

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Задание 27

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Most of them are attracted by a great __________________ of arcades, shows and a quick few days sprawled on the sands. SELECT

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Задание 28

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Speaking about the things which __________________ Blackpool, these are certainly the Blackpool Tower (an aging copy of The Eiffel Tower) and the Pleasure Beach. SYMBOL

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Задание 29

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The Pleasure Beach has everything from donkey races to places of great __________________ beauty. NATURE

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Задание 30

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Blackpool’s famous sea-front also boasts __________________ trams and horse-drawn carriages and a huge Sea-Life Centre where you can stare a shark straight in the eye. TRADITION

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Задание 31

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Blackpool is known for a __________________ hospitable attitude to tourists, so don’t miss a chance to come here at least for a couple of days. TRUE

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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32 – 38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32 – 38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

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Gordon    Gordon Fink had felt restless all day. Early Sunday morning he had gone for a run in Central Park. Afterwards he came home and 32 ______a cheese sandwich. He didn’t eat much for breakfast. During his marriage he had been the regular morning chef, but he had got 33 ______ of the habit when his family left. He never bothered to fix anything for himself now. He read the Times while he ate, but 34 ______, after pouring a second cup of coffee, he found he was unable to 16  concentrate, so he 35 ______ down the paper and walked to the window.         It was eleven o’clock. His apartment overlooked the park, and he could see that the sunny day had already brought out a lot of people. There were many couples and family groups. Gordon 36 ______an elderly woman settle on a bench and turn her face so that the sun shone on it. She looked calm and happy. He turned away from the window and went into the bedroom. He had to pack for his trip tomorrow, and the prospect irritated him. It was almost over though. There was only one week more of publicity for the book, and then he would take a week off to himself. The 37 ______ agent had prepared a list of cruise ships with empty first-class space that would accommodate his schedule. He went back to his desk to look at it. Although he trusted his agent, he wanted to choose a cruise ship himself. He looked 38 ______ to having a pleasant rest after a year of hard work. Задание 32

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1) cooked                                          2) baked

 

 3) did                                                4) made

 

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Задание 33

1) Over   2) Out   3) Down   4) Up

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Задание 34

1) definitely   2) directly   3) finally   4) completely

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Задание 35

1) placed   2) arranged   3) laid   4) rested

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Задание 36

1) watched   2) looked   3) viewed   4) glanced

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Задание 37

1) tour   2) travel   3) trip   4) voyage

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Задание 38

1) on   2) in   3) through   4) Forward

 

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Задание 39

You have 20 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your pen-friend Tom who writes:

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… In our city we have an annual competition for teenagers who make their own short films. This year I got the second prize for a film about my grandparents. Do you think it’s important to record family history? Who do you think should do it? How can it be done best? This month is my mom’s birthday and now I am thinking about a gift for her. I want it to be very special…

Write a letter to Tom. In your letter: answer his questions and ask 3 questions about his mom. Write 100 – 140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

Задание 40

Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний и выразите своё мнение по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану.

Comment on one of the following statements.

 

1. Doing sports is essential for young people.

2. Travelling in your own country is the best way to learn about it. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan: – make an introduction (state the problem paraphrasing the given statement) – express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion – express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion – explain why you do not agree with the opposing opinion – make a conclusion restating your position Задание 41

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

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A hobby is an activity you enjoy doing, it is something of your choice, something unique to your taste and talent. A hobby can improve our well-being; it can give more meaning to our life. Just as physical exercise is important for the body, relaxation of the mind is also essential. In fact, studies reveal that people who cultivate themselves through such activities are less likely to suffer from anxieties, depression and other negative feelings. A hobby is the easiest way to restore your balance whenever you are over-worked or stressed. Since it is an activity of your choosing, it will always give you pleasure and help you to relax. Even if you indulge in your hobby for a short period of time, you still can feel the difference in your energy level and spirit. When you have a hobby, you will always find time for it.

Задание 4 2

You are considering buying the appliance and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions to find out about the following:

1) price
2) if one can buy it online
3) number of functions
4) guarantee period
5) recipe book to go with the unit

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

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Задание 43

These are photos from your photo album. Choose one photo to describe to your friend.

  Photo1.                                  Photo2.                        Photo3.

You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes
(12–15 sentences). In your talk remember to speak about:

· where and when the photo was taken

· what/who is in the photo

· what is happening

· why you keep the photo in your album

· why you decided to show the picture to your friend

You have to talk continuously, starting with: “I’ve chosen photo number …”

Задание 44

Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:

· give a brief description of the photos (action, location)

· say what the pictures have in common

· say in what way the pictures are different

· say which of the seasons presented in the pictures you prefer

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· explain why

You will speak for not more than 2 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.

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Вариант 2

Задание 1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды.

 

1. The speaker criticizes books on time management.

2. The speaker believes our schedule shouldn’t ignore personal wishes.

3. The speaker recommends balancing our weekly activities.

4. The speaker considers physiology in time management.

5. The speaker advocates concentration on each task.

6. The speaker recommends concentrating on one big aim at a time.

7. The speaker advises doing tasks in order of importance.

 

Говорящий	A	B	C	D	E	F
Утверждение

 

Задание 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

 

A) Alice is going shopping for carbonated water.

B) The choice of shopping is limited by Alice’s decision to cycle.

C) They need more soap and toothpaste.

D) Alice is inexperienced in making electrical repairs.

E) The only way to travel at that time was by bicycle.

F) Dad believes even slow moving traffic is dangerous.

G) Alice’s brother Michael also rides a bike.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

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Задание 3

I Fred describes the outgoing year as the one which

 

1) brought him new financial problems.

2) seriously changed his whole life.

3) marked the end of his construction business.

 

Задание 4

Fred worked with the children who

 

1) lacked some physical ability.

2) attended a weekend school.

3) had to stay in a hospital.

 

Задание 5
When dealing with the children Fred was instructed to

 

1) be aware of their depression.

2) try to avoid getting them excited.

3) behave in the usual way.

 

Задание 6
The new experience helped Fred to become more

 

1) persistent.

2) determined in doing what he wanted.

3) patient.

 

Задание 7

Fred says that before becoming a father he was particularly good at

 

1) losing the time.

2) spending the leisure hours.

3) entertaining his friends.

 

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Задание 8

The parenthood made Fred

 

1) pay more attention to sports activities.

2) spend less time at work.

3) more responsible.

Задание 9

Fred mentions as his special father’s talent the ability

 

1) to understand his wife.

2) for a sound sleep.

3) to calm down a crying child.

 

Задание 10

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

 

1. Thoughtless behavior

2. Benefits of private business

3. Too complicated to use

4. Bad for business

5. Science brings hope

6. Road incident

7. More parking places

8. Personal choice

 

A. City centre parking is expensive and many important roads are now closed to private transport. This would be fine — if public transport was cheap and convenient, but it is neither. The result is that people are avoiding the city centre so restaurants, cinemas and shops are closing.

 

B. The motorcyclist drew along side and I heard abusive language as he banged on the car roof. I immediately locked the car doors and tried to work out what was wrong. He then shouted that I had almost collided with him. Truth to tell — I didn’t see him until now. I tried to apologize but he wouldn’t listen.

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C. They now have cars that run on electricity, solar power and even on vegetable oil. New petrol engines are super efficient and make less harmful emissions. More people are working from home because of advances in communication technology and computer security. At last we have some grounds for optimism.

 

D. As she approached the traffic lights the driver in front of her tipped out a mess of fast food boxes, polystyrene cups and chip bags. She pressed her horn angrily. “Why don’t people consider what they do”, she wondered helplessly. “Someone will have to clear this up and we all have to pay for it.”

 

E. Sarah has worked for herself more than 10 years now. It had been risky but now her interior decoration business is a success. She loves being her own boss. It constantly amazes her that her friends in big corporations believe they have job security. How can they think this way when these companies are constantly firing people to make bigger profits?

 

F. It was not easy deciding. It never is when buying a new car. Reliability and comfort are big issues as are fuel economy, maintenance and so forth. A car has to feel right as well. Price and value for money are also critical. But in the end Ralph made his decision confident that it was just the right one for him.

 

G. Jane studied the small print. To make a successful insurance claim for her accident she needed so much information. Several complicated forms took hours to complete. She then needed three independent quotations, a witness statement, and a police statement and after everything she still had to pay the first $500 anyway.

 

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

 

 

Задание 11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

26 Harry Potter course for university students Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK's first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life. The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A __________ modern society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed B __________ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view. A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, C __________ the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship. The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D __________ body: “It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E __________. You just need to read the academic writing which started F __________ that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”

 

1. up for the optional module, part of 2. such as the moral universe of the school 3. to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in 4. including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in 5. to emerge four or five years ago to see 6. such as the response of the writer   27 7. to growing demand from the student Пропуск A B C D E F Часть предложения

Задание 12

Time to get off the phone

Last  week, while I was trying to enjoy my manicure, I watched in horror as the two women across from me talked on their phones the entire time they were getting their nails done. They employed their head nods, eyebrow raises, and finger-pointing to instruct the manicurists on things like nail length and polish choices.

I really couldn’t believe it. I’ve had my nails done by the same two women for ten years. I know their names, their children’s names, and many of their stories. They know my name, my children’s names, and many of my stories. When I finally made a comment about the women on their cell phones, they both quickly averted their eyes. Finally, in a whisper, the manicurist said, “They don’t know. Most of them don’t think of us as people.”

On my way home, I stopped at Barnes & Noble to pick up a magazine. The woman ahead of me in line bought two books, applied for a new “reader card”, and asked to get one book gift-wrapped without getting off her cell phone. She plowed through the entire exchange without making eye contact or directly speaking to the young woman working at the counter. She never acknowledged the presence of the human being across from her.

After leaving Barnes & Noble, I went to a drive-through fast food restaurant to buy a Diet Coke. Right as I pulled up to the window, my cell phone rang. I wasn’t quite sure, but I thought it might be my son’s school calling, so I answered it. It wasn’t the school – it was someone calling to confirm an appointment.

In the short time it took me to say, “Yes, I’ll be at my appointment,” the woman and I had finished our soda-for-money transaction. I apologized to her the second I got off the phone.

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I must have surprised her because she got huge tears in her eyes and said, “Thank you so much. You have no idea how humiliating it is sometimes. They don’t even see us.”

I don’t know how it feels for her, but I do know how it feels to be an invisible member of the service industry. I worked my way through undergrad and some of graduate school by waiting tables and bartending. I worked in a very nice restaurant that was close to campus and a hot spot for wealthy college kids and their parents. When the customers were kind and respectful, it was OK, but one ‘waiter as object’ moment could tear me apart. Unfortunately, I now see those moments happening all the time.

I see adults who don’t even look at their waiters when they speak to them. I see parents who let their young children talk down to store clerks. I see people rage and scream at receptionists, then treat the bosses/doctors/bankers with the utmost respect.

When we treat people as objects, we dehumanize them. We do something really terrible to their souls and to our own. Martin Buber, an Austrian-born philosopher, wrote about the differences between an I-it relationship and an I-you relationship. We create an I-it relationship when we treat people like objects – people who are simply there to serve us or complete a task. I-you relationships are characterized by human connection and empathy.

I’m not suggesting that we engage in a deep, meaningful relationship with the man who works at the cleaners or the woman who works at the drive-through, but I’m suggesting that we stop dehumanizing people and start looking them in the eye when we speak to them. If we don’t have the energy or time to do that, we should stay at home.

Задание 12  The author watched the two women on their cell phones in horror because they …

 

	1)	ignored their manicurists.
	2)	talked on their phones too loudly.
	3)	talked to their manicurists rudely.
	4)	didn’t know their manicurists’ names.

 

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Задание 13

The word exchange in paragraph 3 means the …

   

	1)	interaction between the woman and the cashier.
	2)	money that the cashier gave back to the woman.
	3)	conversation the woman had on her cell phone.
	4)	process of choosing purchases at the shop.

 

 

Задание 14

 The phrase human being in paragraph 3 refers to the …

		1) author.
		2) woman working at the counter.
		3)  woman talking on her cell phone.
		4) next person in the queue. Задание 15  The author answered her cell phone while she was at the fast-food restaurant because she …

 

 

 

1)

always answers her cell phone.

 

2)

thought it was an important phone call.

 

3)

knew it would be a short phone call.

 

4)

didn’t think it could be impolite.

Задание 16

 The woman at the fast-food restaurant got tears in her eyes because she was …

	1)	insulted.
	2)	worried.
	3)	grateful to the author.
	4)	unhappy about her job.

 

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Задание 17

Which of the following statements is TRUE about Martin Buber’s teaching?

		1) There are two ways people communicate with each other.
		2) We choose between two types of relationships depending on who we think we are.
		3) There can only be I-it relationships between customers and service staff.
		4) I-you relationships are more difficult than I-it relationships. Задание 18  The main message of the article is that

 

 

1)

talking on the cell phone in public is always impolite and irresponsible.

 

2)

we should treat people with respect regardless of their social status.

 

3)

it’s important to stand up for shop assistants who are mistreated by customers.

 

4)

all people are equal regardless of their jobs and how well they do them.

                         

 

 

Задание 19-25

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слова так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.

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  Задания 26-31

Образуйте от слов однокоренные слова так, чтобы они граммат