Научитесь хорошо читать и переведите письменно тексты по теме на русский язык. Не забывайте обращать внимание на новые слова по теме, которые вы должны знать наизусть.

МСТ-214

С 20.04 по 24.04 у вас 6 пар. Вот задания.

20.04

Тема: PRESENT SIMPLE OR PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

Повторите правила образования и употребления видовременных форм Present Simple и Present Progressive и выполните упражнения.

Present Simple употребляется:

1. Для обозначения простых фактов и общих истин:

Brazil produces good coffee. – Бразилия производит хороший кофе.

Water boils at 100 degrees C. – Вода закипает при 100 градусах С.

 

2. Для выражения повседневных, повторяющихся действий, привычек, обычаев.

I have a cup of coffee every morning. – Каждое утро я выпиваю чашку кофе.

We always see the New Year in at home. – Новый год мы всегда встречаем дома.

 

3. Для выражения действия, совершающегося в момент речи, с глаголами восприятия (to see, to hear), умственной деятельности (to understand, to know), чувства (to love, to hate, to like, to prefer), обладания (to belong, to contain, to possess).

I see you. – Я вижу тебя.

I like strong tea. – Я люблю крепкий чай.

 

4. С наречиями, выражающими частотность: always, often, seldom, sometimes, never, hardly ever, usually, generally.

I always get up early. – Я всегда встаю рано.

We often go to the theatre. – Мы часто ходим в театр.

Present Progressive у потребляется:

1. Для выражения действия, протекающего в момент речи или в настоящий период времени. На длительный характер действия могут указывать обстоятельства времени: now, right now, at this moment, today, this week (month, year).

Helen is listening to the news on the radio right now. – Как раз сейчас Хелен слушает последние известия по радио.

 

2. Для выражения будущего действия (как и настоящее время в русском языке), когда налицо намерение совершить действие или уверенность в его совершении. В этом случае на будущее действие указывают наречия tomorrow, soon или контекст.

Jim’s plane is arriving in London at 7.00 tonight. – Самолёт Джима прилетает в Лондон сегодня в 7 часов вечера.

 

3. Сочетание Present Progressive глагола to go с инфинитивом очень часто употребляется для выражения намерения совершить действие или уверенность в его совершении.

I am going to work in summer.- Я собираюсь работать летом.

 

Итак, вы запомнили, что подсказкой на время глагола может быть: временное выражение или контекст. А еще подсказкой может быть сам глагол. Например, такие распространенные глаголы ниже НЕ УПОТРЕБЛЯЮТСЯ в Present Continuous. Они всегда стоят в SIMPLE.

• love — любить

• hate — ненавидеть

• like — нравиться

• need — нуждаться

• see — видеть

• hear — слышать

• know — знать

• remember — помнить

• understand — понимать

• want — хотеть

• hope — надеяться

• feel — чувствовать

• forget — забывать

 

Упражнение 1. Выберите из скобок нужную форму. Объясните сделанный выбор.

1. It sometimes (snows/is snowing) here in April. 2. It (snows/is snowing) now. 3. Every morning mother (cooks/is cooking) breakfast for us. 4. It is 8 o’clock now. Mother (cooks/ is cooking) breakfast. 5. Every day father (leaves/is leaving) the house at half past eight. 6. Now it is half past eight. Father (leaves/is leaving) the house. 7. We often (watch/are watching) TV. 8. Now we (sit/ are sitting) in armchairs and (watch/are watching) TV. 9. Sometimes Mike (does/is doing) his lessons in the evening. 10. Look at Mike. He (does/is doing) his lessons. 11. It often (rains/is raining) in September. 12. It (rains/is raining) now. 13. Every day the family (has/is having) tea at 5 o’clock. 14. It is 5 o’clock now. The family (has/is having) tea.

Упражнение 2. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужном времени и в нужной форме.

1. Не often (go) to the cinema. 2. They (watch) TV at the moment. 3. She (write) letters to her mother every week. 4. Nina usually (drive) to work. 5. Father (sit) on the sofa now. 6. Listen. The telephone (ring). 7. Tim (study) a new language every year. 8. We always (spend) the summer in York. 9. In summer we usually (go) to the seaside. 10. Look at Tom. He (ride) a horse. 11. He often (watch) birds in autumn. 12. Don’t ask me now. I (write) an exercise. 13. She usually (watch) television in the evening. 14. I (play) the piano every day.

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски, используя don’t, doesn’t, isn’t, aren’t или am not.

1. We … watching a television programme now. 2. We … watch television every day. 3. It… raining very hard at the moment. 4. I … hear you well. 5. It… rain very much in summer. 6. Mr Johnson … eating his lunch now. 7. Mr Johnson … always eat at that cafe. 8. I… see any students in that room. 9. They … like milk for lunch. 10. He … have money for a new car.

Упражнение 4. Начните вопросы с do, does, is, are или am.

1. … you learn new words in each lesson?
2. … you learning the new words right now?
3. … she usually sit at the third desk?
4. … she sitting at the third desk today?
5. … you read many books every year?
6. … you reading an interesting book now?

Упражнение 5. Найдите ошибки и исправьте их.

1.I  not going to school today. 2. What he doing after school? 3. At the moment my parents  is working in Russia. 4. Does he got a new car? 5. They never wears a hat. 6. He don’t like black coffee. 7. We are have a good time. 8. What she doing now? 9. It rains at the moment. 10. How you like the game?

 

 

Предложения списывать полностью!

Задания присылать на почту [email protected]

Чётко указываем группу, фамилию, дату задания (сверху на странице)

 

21.04

Тема: Foundation

Spread footings

    Spread footings provide a stable base or platform that prevents the house from settling into the ground.

    The wide base (width) helps create a large area to transfer the weight of the structure to the ground and prevent the structure from sinking. The thickness of the footer provides the footer with the strength needed to support the weight of the structure. In modern construction, a footer is usually 16 to 24 inches wide and 6 to 16 inches thick and made with poured concrete that is rated  to withstand 2,000 to 5,000 pounds per square inch (psi) of compression pressure. The dimension of the footer may vary according to the soil conditions under the structure, thee weight placed on the footing and construction style o the home. Other footing materials used are wood, crushed stone, blocks(granite) and field stones.

    A continuous spread footing is usually found around the entire perimeter of the structure to support the weight from the exterior or foundation walls. In areas subjected to seasonal frost, a footing must be placed below the frost line to prevent frost heaving that may lift and damage the footing and structure.

 

The Tower of Pisa

    The Tower of Pisa in Pisa, Italy is one of the world's most famous leaning buildings. The Tower of Pisa was designed as a bell tower but tits main purpose was to promote the town Pisa. The foundation of the tower was only three meters thick and the soil underneath was unstable. A series of wars interrupted the construction for many years. During the long pause, the soil continued to settle. Rather than abandon the project, the builders accommodated the tilt by adding extra height to the upper stories on one side of the Tower. The extra weight caused the upper part of the Tower to lean in the opposite direction.

    Over the centuries there have been many attempts to remove or reduce the tilt. In 1990, an Italian government appointed special commission determined that the tower was no longer safe for tourists, closed it off, and started devising ways to make the building safer.

John Burland, a professor of soil mechanics, came up with the system of removing soil from the north side in order to make the building settle back into the ground and thus reduce the tilt. This worked and the tower was reopened to tourism in 2001. Today the Tower of Pisa leans at a 3.97 degree angle.

 

Задания присылать на почту [email protected]

22.04

ТЕМА   PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

 

Повторите правила и выполните упражнения

Выполните упражнения.

23.04

Flat roofs       

    Flat roofs are completely different from sloped roofs. These are used in regions with a low precipitation and dry climate. The traditional material used are concrete, brick or adobe. In contrast to the sloped form of a roof, a flat roof is horizontal or nearly horizontal. Materials that cover flat roofs typically allow the water to run off freely from a very slight inclination.

    Flat roofs tend to be attractive to human traffic. Anything which produces a crack or puncture in the surface can quite readily lead to leaks. One of the more interesting emerging methods of protecting the roofing membrane is to use a layer of topsoil and grasses. Care should be taken not to plant anything the roots of which will penetrate the membrane surface. The green roof traps moisture on the roof and keeps it up in the soil and plants, but not on the membrane surface.

Parts of a roof

    There are two parts of a roof, its supporting structure and its uppermost weatherproof layer.

    The supporting structure of a roof usually comprises beams that are long and of strong, fairly rigid material such as timber, and since the middle of 19th century, cast iron or steel. Timber lends itself to a great variety of roof shapes. The timber structure can fulfill an aesthetic as well as practical function. With continual improvements in steel girders, these became the major structural support for large roofs, and eventually for ordinary houses as well. Another form of girder is the reinforced concrete beam, in which metal rods are encased in concrete, giving it greater strength under tension.

    Uppermost layer shows great variation depending upon availability of material. In simple architecture, roofing material is often vegetation, such as thatches, sea grass and bamboo with a life of perhaps 40 years. In areas with an abundance of timber, wooden shingles are used. The slate roof is often considered the best type of roofing because slate is an ideal and durable material. A slate roof may last 75 to 150 years, and even longer.

    In the 20th century a large number of roofing materials were developed, including roofs based on bitumen, on rubber and on a range of synthetics such as thermoplastic and on fiberglass. Since then, many types of metal roofing have been developed. Steel shingle roofs last about 50 years or more depending on both the method of installation and the moisture barrier (underlayment) used.

 

 

Задания присылать на почту [email protected]

24.04

ТЕМА   Present Simple, Present Progressive, Present Perfect Progressive

Повторите правила образования и использования этих видовременных форм глагола и выполните упражнения.

МСТ-214

С 20.04 по 24.04 у вас 6 пар. Вот задания.

20.04

Тема: PRESENT SIMPLE OR PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

Повторите правила образования и употребления видовременных форм Present Simple и Present Progressive и выполните упражнения.

Present Simple употребляется:

1. Для обозначения простых фактов и общих истин:

Brazil produces good coffee. – Бразилия производит хороший кофе.

Water boils at 100 degrees C. – Вода закипает при 100 градусах С.

 

2. Для выражения повседневных, повторяющихся действий, привычек, обычаев.

I have a cup of coffee every morning. – Каждое утро я выпиваю чашку кофе.

We always see the New Year in at home. – Новый год мы всегда встречаем дома.

 

3. Для выражения действия, совершающегося в момент речи, с глаголами восприятия (to see, to hear), умственной деятельности (to understand, to know), чувства (to love, to hate, to like, to prefer), обладания (to belong, to contain, to possess).

I see you. – Я вижу тебя.

I like strong tea. – Я люблю крепкий чай.

 

4. С наречиями, выражающими частотность: always, often, seldom, sometimes, never, hardly ever, usually, generally.

I always get up early. – Я всегда встаю рано.

We often go to the theatre. – Мы часто ходим в театр.

Present Progressive у потребляется:

1. Для выражения действия, протекающего в момент речи или в настоящий период времени. На длительный характер действия могут указывать обстоятельства времени: now, right now, at this moment, today, this week (month, year).

Helen is listening to the news on the radio right now. – Как раз сейчас Хелен слушает последние известия по радио.

 

2. Для выражения будущего действия (как и настоящее время в русском языке), когда налицо намерение совершить действие или уверенность в его совершении. В этом случае на будущее действие указывают наречия tomorrow, soon или контекст.

Jim’s plane is arriving in London at 7.00 tonight. – Самолёт Джима прилетает в Лондон сегодня в 7 часов вечера.

 

3. Сочетание Present Progressive глагола to go с инфинитивом очень часто употребляется для выражения намерения совершить действие или уверенность в его совершении.

I am going to work in summer.- Я собираюсь работать летом.

 

Итак, вы запомнили, что подсказкой на время глагола может быть: временное выражение или контекст. А еще подсказкой может быть сам глагол. Например, такие распространенные глаголы ниже НЕ УПОТРЕБЛЯЮТСЯ в Present Continuous. Они всегда стоят в SIMPLE.

• love — любить

• hate — ненавидеть

• like — нравиться

• need — нуждаться

• see — видеть

• hear — слышать

• know — знать

• remember — помнить

• understand — понимать

• want — хотеть

• hope — надеяться

• feel — чувствовать

• forget — забывать

 

Упражнение 1. Выберите из скобок нужную форму. Объясните сделанный выбор.

1. It sometimes (snows/is snowing) here in April. 2. It (snows/is snowing) now. 3. Every morning mother (cooks/is cooking) breakfast for us. 4. It is 8 o’clock now. Mother (cooks/ is cooking) breakfast. 5. Every day father (leaves/is leaving) the house at half past eight. 6. Now it is half past eight. Father (leaves/is leaving) the house. 7. We often (watch/are watching) TV. 8. Now we (sit/ are sitting) in armchairs and (watch/are watching) TV. 9. Sometimes Mike (does/is doing) his lessons in the evening. 10. Look at Mike. He (does/is doing) his lessons. 11. It often (rains/is raining) in September. 12. It (rains/is raining) now. 13. Every day the family (has/is having) tea at 5 o’clock. 14. It is 5 o’clock now. The family (has/is having) tea.

Упражнение 2. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужном времени и в нужной форме.

1. Не often (go) to the cinema. 2. They (watch) TV at the moment. 3. She (write) letters to her mother every week. 4. Nina usually (drive) to work. 5. Father (sit) on the sofa now. 6. Listen. The telephone (ring). 7. Tim (study) a new language every year. 8. We always (spend) the summer in York. 9. In summer we usually (go) to the seaside. 10. Look at Tom. He (ride) a horse. 11. He often (watch) birds in autumn. 12. Don’t ask me now. I (write) an exercise. 13. She usually (watch) television in the evening. 14. I (play) the piano every day.

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски, используя don’t, doesn’t, isn’t, aren’t или am not.

1. We … watching a television programme now. 2. We … watch television every day. 3. It… raining very hard at the moment. 4. I … hear you well. 5. It… rain very much in summer. 6. Mr Johnson … eating his lunch now. 7. Mr Johnson … always eat at that cafe. 8. I… see any students in that room. 9. They … like milk for lunch. 10. He … have money for a new car.

Упражнение 4. Начните вопросы с do, does, is, are или am.

1. … you learn new words in each lesson?
2. … you learning the new words right now?
3. … she usually sit at the third desk?
4. … she sitting at the third desk today?
5. … you read many books every year?
6. … you reading an interesting book now?

Упражнение 5. Найдите ошибки и исправьте их.

1.I  not going to school today. 2. What he doing after school? 3. At the moment my parents  is working in Russia. 4. Does he got a new car? 5. They never wears a hat. 6. He don’t like black coffee. 7. We are have a good time. 8. What she doing now? 9. It rains at the moment. 10. How you like the game?

 

 

Предложения списывать полностью!

Задания присылать на почту [email protected]

Чётко указываем группу, фамилию, дату задания (сверху на странице)

 

21.04

Тема: Foundation

Научитесь хорошо читать и переведите письменно тексты по теме на русский язык. Не забывайте обращать внимание на новые слова по теме, которые вы должны знать наизусть.

Spread footings

    Spread footings provide a stable base or platform that prevents the house from settling into the ground.

    The wide base (width) helps create a large area to transfer the weight of the structure to the ground and prevent the structure from sinking. The thickness of the footer provides the footer with the strength needed to support the weight of the structure. In modern construction, a footer is usually 16 to 24 inches wide and 6 to 16 inches thick and made with poured concrete that is rated  to withstand 2,000 to 5,000 pounds per square inch (psi) of compression pressure. The dimension of the footer may vary according to the soil conditions under the structure, thee weight placed on the footing and construction style o the home. Other footing materials used are wood, crushed stone, blocks(granite) and field stones.

    A continuous spread footing is usually found around the entire perimeter of the structure to support the weight from the exterior or foundation walls. In areas subjected to seasonal frost, a footing must be placed below the frost line to prevent frost heaving that may lift and damage the footing and structure.

 

The Tower of Pisa

    The Tower of Pisa in Pisa, Italy is one of the world's most famous leaning buildings. The Tower of Pisa was designed as a bell tower but tits main purpose was to promote the town Pisa. The foundation of the tower was only three meters thick and the soil underneath was unstable. A series of wars interrupted the construction for many years. During the long pause, the soil continued to settle. Rather than abandon the project, the builders accommodated the tilt by adding extra height to the upper stories on one side of the Tower. The extra weight caused the upper part of the Tower to lean in the opposite direction.

    Over the centuries there have been many attempts to remove or reduce the tilt. In 1990, an Italian government appointed special commission determined that the tower was no longer safe for tourists, closed it off, and started devising ways to make the building safer.

John Burland, a professor of soil mechanics, came up with the system of removing soil from the north side in order to make the building settle back into the ground and thus reduce the tilt. This worked and the tower was reopened to tourism in 2001. Today the Tower of Pisa leans at a 3.97 degree angle.

 

Задания присылать на почту [email protected]