III. Переведите с русского языка на английский

 

балка, трещина, неровный, покрывать, устойчивость, цоколь, оседать, котлован, вес, камень

IV. Переведите следующие предложения

1. First the excavation is dug for the basement.

2. The foundation walls are constructed below ground level.

3. The framework is clothed with various finishing materials and protected by several coats of paint.

4. The part upon which the stability of the structure depends is the framework.

5. The walls and other parts of the building must be carefully proportioned.

6. The architect must decide what the size of the floors, the beams and the girders must be.

7. Sinking and settling of a construction can cause cracks in walls and uneven floors.

8. Floors may be of timber.

9. The materials used for the wall construction can be natural or artificial.

10.Roofs cover the building and protect it bad weather.

V. Переведите текст

Parts of a building

Almost everyone has watched building of a house and followed its progress with interest.

First the excavation is dug for the basement, then the foundation walls bellow ground level are constructed; after this the framework is erected and clothed with various finishing materials and protected by several coats of paint.

The part upon which the stability of the structure depends is the framework. It is intended for safely carrying the loads imposed. The floors, walls, roof and other parts of the building must be carefully designed and proportioned.

The architect or designer must decide what the size of the walls, the floors, the beams, the girders and the parts which make up the framework must be, and how they must be placed and arranged. Sometimes it is done by the architect who draws the plans for the house, sometimes by a designer.

Here are the main parts of a building and their functions.

Foundations are to keep the walls and floors from contact with the soil, to guard them against the action of frost, to prevent them from sinking and settling which can cause cracks in walls and uneven floors.

Floors divide the building into stories. They may be either of timber or of a  re-resisting material.

Walls are built to enclose areas and carry the weight of floors and roofs. The walls may be solid or hollow. The materials used for the wall construction can be brick, stone, concrete and other natural and artificial materials.

Roofs cover the building and protect it from exposure to weather. They tie the walls and give the construction strength and firmness.

VI. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1. Have you ever watched building of a house?

2. Where are the foundation walls constructed?

3. Which part of the building does its stability depend on?

4. What must the architect or designer decide?

5. Who usually draws the plans for the house?

6. What are the functions of the foundation?

7. What materials may be used in constructing floors?

8. What materials are used for the wall construction?

Задания для самостоятельной работы

Вариант 3

I. Сопоставьте слова

1)stair	a) лестничный марш, пролет
2) staircase	b) промежуточный
3) spiral	c) ограждающая конструкция
4) flight	d) лестничная площадка
5) vertical circulation	e) геометрическая форма
6) particular	f) перемещение в вертикальной плоскости
7) enclosure	g) лестничная клетка, лестница
8) geometry	h) лестница
9) landing	i) спиральный, винтовой
10) quarter-space	j) особый, исключительный

 

II. Переведите на русский язык приведенные ниже слова

Multi-storey (adj.), similar (adj.), direction (n.), perform (v.), building (n.), distinction (n.), fixed (adj.), use (v.), escalator (n.), storey (n.).

III. Переведите на английский язык приведенные ниже слова

Лифт, подъемник;, место, пространство;, прямой;, угол;, изогнутый;, последовательный;, устройство, сооружение;, доступный;, ступень(ка);, длина.

IV. Переведите на русский язык приведенные ниже предложения

1. Floors are connected by flights of stairs.

2. A single flight of stairs is a very rare thing.

3. All angles should be right.

4. Pay attention to the changes of direction.

5. Landings and flights are parts of a fixed straight staircase.

6. Staircases with straight flights are the most common form of stairs.

7. This building takes up a lot of space on plan.

8. Depending on the requirements, we can use different tools.

9. The design of this building is very difficult.

10. We must know all architectural requirements.

 

 

V. Переведите текст

STAIRCASES

Stairs are used for vertical circulation in buildings. A distinction must be made between fixed stairs and escalators. Ramps and lifts may perform similar functions.

Depending on the available space, or the architectural requirements, stairs may be straight, curved or spiral on plan. The most frequent type is the staircase with straight flights.

In the design of stairs we should pay particular attention to the following problems: the geometry of the staircase; the construction of its components; the vertical enclosure of the staircase.

The fixed straight staircase comprises flights and landings. A series of more than three steps is a flight. For reasons of safety the length of a flight should be limited to about 18 steps. Two floors in a multi-storey building are rarely connected by a single flight of stairs. If the successive flights are at right angles to one another the landing at each change of direction is known as a quarter-space landing. With two flights per storey, this is the most common form of construction and takes up the least space on plan.

 

VI. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1. What are stairs used for?

2. What other facilities can be used for this purpose?

3. What types of staircases are there?

4. What are the problems in the stairs design to be paid particular attention to?

5. How is the fixed staircase constructed?

 

 

Задания для самостоятельной работы

Вариант 4

I. Сопоставьте слова.

1) resistance	a) инструменты
2) synthetic resin	b) рисунок, модель, образец
3) surfacing	c) фундамент
4) entrance	d) многослойный пластик
5) foundation	e) синтетическая смола
6) pattern	f) отделка, нанесение покрытия
7) withstand	g) сопротивление, устойчивость
8) available	h) вход
9) tools	i) имеющийся в наличии, доступный
10) laminate plastics	j) противостоять