Why Foreign Languages Learning is Important for Us

Nowadays it is very important to learn foreign languages. You can't imagine an educated person, who doesn't know any foreign language. Some people learn languages because they need them in their work; others travel abroad; for the third studying languages is a hobby. Every year thousands of people go from one country to another either on business or for pleasure and the knowledge of languages helps them to communicate with people and understand them.

English occupies a special place, as it is a language spoken by many people and used in various spheres of life. English is very important for the development of international contacts. More and more contacts are established with the countries of Europe, with the USA and other English-speaking countries. Our foreign partners need specialists who have a command (to know) of one or more foreign languages and can speak them fluently.

A real professional can't do without knowing foreign languages, especially English as it is an international language. Hundreds and hundreds of books, magazines and newspapers are printed in English and read all over the world. Half of the world's scientific literature is written in English. It's the language of progressive science and technology, trade and cultural relations, commerce and business.

English is the language of international communication. The majority of international telephone calls are made in English. More than seventy per cent of international mail is written and addressed in English.

Eighty per cent of all computer texts, including all web sites, are stored in English.

English is a world language. It's the most widespread language on earth, and it is second only to Chinese in the number of people who speak it. It's spoken in the British Isles, the USA, Australia, New Zealand and much of Canada and South Africa. English is also a second language of another 300 million people living in more than 60 countries. English is indeed a world language. English is spoken by more than 400 million people. It is the official language of the UK, the USA, Australia and New Zealand. In our country English is very popular. It is studied at schools, colleges and universities.

At our university the course of English runs for three years. During the course students read and translate texts on their specialty, make up different topics and dialogues, learn professional vocabulary and study English grammar.

Learning a language is not an easy thing. It's a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and patience. But it's a must (necessity).

 

Exercise 1

Find in the text English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

иностранный язык; общаться с людьми; развитие международных контактов; говорить бегло; самый распространенный язык; отнимать много времени и терпения; необходимость.

Exercise 2

Complete the following sentences:

1. Some people learn languages because…

2. Every year thousands of people go from one country to another either…

3. English is very important for…

4. It is the official language of...

5. During the English course students …

Exercise 3

Answer the questions:

1. Why do people learn foreign languages?

2. Is English important for the development of international contacts? Why?

3. Where is English used?

4. Why is English called a world language?

5. How is English taught at universities?

6. Is it easy to learn a foreign language?

 

HOW TO LEARN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

The importance of foreign language study is quite obvious. There are different ways to improve your command of a foreign language. First of all you should work hard every day. You are to work systematically.

Learning a foreign language is a hard job. But this hard work can nearly always bring success, when you do your best in learning the language.

First of all you are to have a desire to learn the language; otherwise you can't be successful. Learning a foreign language requires a lot of mental and physical activity. You should learn different aspects of the language - phonetics, grammar, vocabulary. Besides you should acquire habits and skills in hearing (listening comprehension), speaking, reading, and writing.

To master a foreign language means to learn and know how to ask questions and answer them on a topic, a text or a picture (orally and in writing); to make up a story on a picture, to speak about a topic; to understand tape recorded texts, dialogues, songs; to read aloud the text correctly and understand new texts based on the language material already learnt; to divide texts into logically connected units, entitle the units and retell the texts with the help of the titles used as a plan. The most important thing is to learn a foreign language as a means of com­munication and a means to acquire cultural background information. In order to know a foreign language well you are to work with a dictionary, reference literature, tape recorder, videos; you need to train your memory. To achieve this you are to learn by heart as many words, word combinations, colloquial phrases, dialogues and mini texts as you can.

To know a foreign language you are to learn grammar structures and substitute them with different proper words; to apply your knowledge of grammar and vocabulary in talking, reading books, doing various exercises, that is to develop practical skills and habits.

You are to be active in a foreign language learning. Collecting stamps, post-cards where English is used, learning English songs, reading books, listening to tapes, translating, carrying on conversations on different topics and so on may increase your vocabulary and speaking practice. Try to test your knowledge of grammar and vocabulary. In short, you are to master the language while reading, listening, writing and speaking. You need practical knowledge of the language. Don't be afraid of making mistakes. Try to repeat everything while listening. Learn a foreign language through practice and you'll be successful.

Exercise 1

Find in the text English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

совершенствовать уровень владения языком; приобретать навыки и умения; устно и письменно; работать со словарем и справочной литературой; тренировать память; учить наизусть слова и словосочетания; расширять словарный запас; проверять знания; делать ошибки.

Exercise 2

Complete the following sentences:

1. Learning a foreign language is…

2. Learning a foreign language requires…

3. To master a foreign language means…

4. In order to know a foreign language well you are…

5. You are to master the language while…

Exercise 3

Answer the questions:

1. What are theways of improving your command of a foreign language?

2. What should you do to be successful in foreign language learning?

3. What aspects of the language should you learn?

4. How can you develop your practical skills and habits?

 

English in My Future Career

Nowadays we can’t imagine a highly qualified specialist without any knowledge of a foreign language. Foreign languages are required in all spheres of our life. And the profession of biotechnologist is not an exception.

Biotechnology is a branch of science that is rapidly gaining significance and opportunities for youngsters who want to explore the new frontiers of science are immense. Modern biotechnology commonly utilizes genetic engineering, the modification of genetic material to achieve specific goals. People who are involved in this profession read a lot, make scientific discoveries, and have a lot of scientific publications. To be successful in this profession and to achieve greater progress, one needs to get international experience. That’s why if these specialists want to communicate with other scientists, to exchange ideas or to obtain an international experiment, first of all they have to improve their English.

Knowing English can make communication easier. English is official language in 53 countries, and it is one of the official languages in many important international organizations such as UN, EU and WTO. It is also one of the working languages at most international business and meetings.

If you want to know more about the world and modern technology, English is a great bridge. Most of books, magazines, newspapers and movies are in English. Going online, most of the world's stored information and web pages are in English. English is also the most commonly used language in the sciences. In 1997, the Science Citation Index reported that 95% of its articles were written in English, even though only half of them came from authors in English-speaking countries.

In a word, English is very important in our life and in our future career. Therefore, learning English is essential in today’s Global World. If a person wants to succeed in his chosen field he has to know English, so start to improve your English as soon as possible.

 

Exercise 1

Find in the text English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

высококвалифицированный специалист; отрасль науки; генная инженерия; достигать особых целей; делать научные открытия; преуспевать в ч-л; совершенствовать свой английский.

Exercise 2

Complete the following sentences:

1. We can’t imagine a highly qualified specialist without…

2. Foreign languages are required…

3. People who are involved in the profession of biotechnologist…

4. To be successful in this profession…

Exercise 3

Answer the questions:

1. Is English required inthe profession of biotechnologist?

2. What is Biotechnology?

3. What should biotechnologists do to be successful in their profession?

4. Where is English used?

5. Why is it necessary for biotechnologists to know the English language?

 

Discussion

Do yon agree or not? Comment on the following statements.

1. If we speak a different language, we would perceive a somewhat different world.

2. Practice makes perfect.

3. To have another language is to possess a second soul

4. A different language is a different vision of life.

5. Language is the road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and where they are going.

6. There is no royal road to learning.

 

Role-play

Learning English

Setting: At the Conference

Situation: Discussion of the problem ”English at school: the process of teaching English and the best age for starting it“.

Characters:

Card I — Helen Sotnikova, aged 22, a language teacher, just graduated from the University. Very energetic, full of modern approaches for teaching English. She is sure that the best age for starting English is the age of the kindergarten. Exaggerates the role of English in modern society.

Card II — Anna Plavskaya, aged 49, teacher of English. Sticks to the idea that the most important things in teaching English are reading and writing.

She doesn't like the latest tendencies to teach English in primary school. Anna is sure that not everybody has the ability to learn a foreign language, that's why she pays her attention mostly to the advanced pupils.

Card III — Oleg Zubin, aged 36, a director of the English club. Interested more in money received from his students than in the quality of the knowledge given by his club. He is sure that the effective way to learn language is the accelerated courses (his programme is called ”English in Two Months“). Believes that English is worth paying money for.

Card IV — Andrey Izmailov, aged 40, teacher of English in the University. Tried many methods in teaching English. Believes that speaking is the main aspect of English; gives interesting lessons, full of discussions, problematic questions. Uses a lot of video and audiomaterial at the lesson, provokes students to speak and take part in different discussions. He is against accelerated courses and shares the idea of gradual material presenting. He thinks the best time for starting English in the form of games and plays is primary school.

Writing

Write an essay on one of the following topics:

1. The role of television in learning English.

2. Internet as a means of learning English.

3. Learning English… What for?

4. Success doesn't come to you…you go to it.

 

 

Unit 4

University. Student’s Life

University Life

Topical Vocabulary

assignment

curriculum

Bachelor's degree

Master's degree

certificate

degree (to take one's ~)

department

diploma

dissertation

be good at smth.

do well

educate

education

educational system

enter a university

задание

учебный план, программа

степень бакалавра

степень магистра

сертификат, свидетельство

ученая степень

отделение

диплом

диссертация

преуспевать в ч-л

успевать

давать образование, воспитывать

образование

система образования

поступить в университет

examination (exam)

examination period (exams)

examination question (paper)

grade (Am.)

tuition

carry on scientific/research work

faculty

fail an examination in smth.

hostel

scholarship

экзамен

экзаменационный период

экзаменационный вопрос

отметка

проводить научную/ исследовательскую работу

факультет

провалить экзамен

общежитие

стипендия

 

Consult the dictionary and translate the following words and word combinations:

 

assistant professor; associate professor; dean

campus

catch up (with)

cheat

check up

come down to a choice

composition

coach smb for an exam

cram

crib

deal with smb

dean's office

devote much time to studies

do postgraduate work

essay

faculty office

failure

fall (lag) behind

final exams (finals)

freshman (Am.)

full-time student

get down to work

get on well (in/at smth.)

give a pass

go to lectures

go up to university

grammar

graduate from a university

graduate

graduation dissertation

grant

grind away (for, at)

have a lecture

have classes in smth

have a good command of smth

head of department

hold examinations

holidays (vacation)

improve

instruct

junior

keep up (with smb.)

keep in one's head

library card

major in smth. (Am.)

make progress (in smth.)

oral

paper

pass an examination

pass in smth.

part-time student

play truant

record book

(students' record book)

rector

senior lecturer

students' membership card

subdean

specialize in smth

synopsis, pl. -es

take a degree

take an examination

take notes

pay tuition fee

free (half) tuition)

tutor

undergraduate

vice-rector

Vocabulary Exercises

 

Exercise 1

Find the words denoting:

- a short piece of writing on one particular subject that is written by a student;

- a class, usually at college or university, where the teacher and the students discuss a particular topic or subject;

- a long essay that a student does as part of a degree;

- a student at a university or college who has not yet taken his or her first degree;

- a person who has a first degree from a university and who is doing research at a more advanced level;

- a long piece of written research done for a higher university degree, especially a PhD*;

- money given to a student to help pay for the cost of his or her education;

- a block of flats where students live.

Exercise 2

Fill in the necessary prepositions:

be good … smth.;

carry … scientific/research work;

have a good command … smth;

devote much time … studies;

coach smb. … an exam;

deal … smb.

 

Exercise 3

Name the steps of the social ladder which a student must pass to climb up to the position of the rector. Use the words from the list below, placing one word on one step.

Dean, assistant lecturer, head of department, vice-rector, associate professor, assistant professor, subdean, professor.

 

Higher Education in Belarus

A national higher school system plays an important role in the development of our country. Only highly qualified specialists can solve the most complex problems facing our society. Knowledge, science and culture open the prospects for the future.

At the beginning of the 20th century about 80 per cent of the Belarusian population were illiterate. Now Belarus is a country with a high educational level. The Belarusian State University, the Polytechnical Academy, the University of National Economy and many others are the largest scientific and educational centres in the national higher school system of Belarus. Today the role of universities in the system of higher education becomes determining as they give training in fundamental humanities and natural sciences.

The Republic of Belarus has 55 higher educational establishments: 45 belong to the state and 10 are privately owned. State owned educational establishments encounter 31 university, 7 academies, 4 colleges. All private educational establishments are institutes. 23 educational establishments belong to the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus.

Belarus has more than 430 000 students what makes 444 students per 10 000 citizens.

The basic principle of the organization of national education in Belarus is an equal opportunity for all its citizens. It should conform to the spirit and requirements of the time we live.

Specialized secondary and higher education is available for everyone according to his abilities. Every citizen can get free education in state institutions if he passes the entrance examinations successfully. One of the necessary qualifications for higher school is complete secondary education. Entrance examinations differ depending on the choice of a higher school. Higher education in Belarus may be obtained in two ways: full-time education (day, evening form) and part-time (including distant) education. Those who study well receive scholarships. All higher schools in Belarus are controlled by the state and are uniformly administrated. The system of public education is being constantly improved and that is a logical process.

Along with state higher schools existing in the Republic many non-state institutes of higher learning have been opened in different towns of late. Thousands of young people who for some reason couldn't enter any of the state educational establishments have got an opportunity to continue their studies and to get a higher education.

The academic year is divided into two terms, each ending in examinations. The students attend lectures and practical classes and have every opportunity to develop their talents and gifts. Sport has become an essential part of students' life and they can do any sports they like.

The higher school today does not only give knowledge to the students but develops their abilities to think creatively and to work productively. Today's scientific and technological progress demands of the higher school graduates to be prepared to deepen their knowledge individually and adapt themselves quickly to the changes in the branches of science or industry they have chosen as their speciality. This means that future specialists must be given a good grounding in basic subjects. In order to obtain practical experience all the students of higher schools have practical training at different enterprises, schools and offices.

Every year thousands of graduates receive diplomas of higher education and start working in different branches of science, economy and production.

Some of them enter postgraduate courses to get more specialized study and to defend a thesis on a chosen scientific problem. We have every right to say that the future of our country in many respects depends upon the quality of education received by its citizens.

 

Exercise 1

Find in the text English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

высокий уровень образования; высшие учебные заведения; равные возможности для всех граждан; успешно сдать вступительные экзамены; получать стипендию; посещать лекции и практические занятия; получить диплом; защитить диссертацию.

Exercise 2

Complete the sentences:

1. The Republic of Belarus has … higher education establishments.

2. Belarus has more than … students.

3. The basic principle of the organization of national education in Belarus is …

4. Every citizen can get free education in state institutions if …

5. Higher education in Belarus may be obtained in two ways:…

6. The academic year is divided into …

 

Exercise 3

Answer the questions:

1. What is the role of universities in the system of higher education?

2. How many higher educational establishments are there in Belarus?

3. What major types of educational establishments can be distinguished?

4. How many students are there in Belarus?

5. What is the basic principle of the organization of national education in Belarus?

6. Can graduates continue their education?

 

 

Polessky State University

Our government pays great attention to the educational system development. The existence of higher educational establishments, number of students, and the quality of education exactly characterize the progress of a country. Nowadays in the century of high technologies highly qualified professionals are extremely required. Traditionally higher educational establishments are located only in the capital and regional centers. But recently the development of relatively small towns has become the strategic target of our country. And one of its great steps was Polessky State University opening.

Polessky State University is up-to-date educational establishment formed in 2006 to train specialists for various fields of national economy. Six faculties provide training at the University: Banking Faculty, Economic Faculty, Healthy Way of Life Organisation Faculty, Biotechnological Faculty, Preparatory Training Faculty, Retraining and Qualification Upgrading Faculty. The University provides Master's Degree Courses. The total number of students, both full-time and part-time, comprises 4 500.

Educational process of Polessky State University provides students with conditions that would encourage them to work efficiently to become a staff of high educational moral quality. The core activity of different departments focuses on progressive training and development of student's creative abilities.

Numerous tutorial rooms, lecture halls, computer centers, 5 multimedia laboratories ”Sanako“ are at students' disposal. They can get higher education through full-time and part-time departments. Students attend lectures and practical classes. They learn Economic Theory, Statistics, Accounting, Philosophy, Finance, Mathematics, Foreign Languages, etc. Students have access to up-to-date computer facilities (including Internet and extensive library allowing them to cope with the most complicated problems).

In the University students acquire profound knowledge, gain hands-on experience and are involved in innovative and research activities. Professional training is a systematic purposeful students' activity on mastering the chosen specialty aimed at ensuring theoretical knowledge, hands-on and creative skills at each stage of training.

Students who demonstrate superior academic performance, enthusiasm for intellectual exploration, exceptional achievements may apply for scholarships offered by the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus and other commercial banks.

The University supports relations with many domestic and foreign academic, financial, business institutions. Our international partners are:

University of Applied Sciences of the Deutsche Bundesbank;

Anhalt University of Applied Sciences (Germany);

The Academy of Finance (Russia);

St.-Petersburg State University of Economics and Finance (Russia);

St.-Petersburg State University of Physical Training named after P. Lesgaft (Russia);

Banking University of the National Bank of Ukraine.

We have also established contacts with educational establishments in Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden.

Sport activities are also in high reputation. The University provides sport facilities and organizes sport competitions. Such activities as Sports Days, hikes, different competitions are aimed at improving students' health. There is a big modern well-equipped stadium, swimming pool and skating-rink at students' disposal. There is also a Medico-Rehabilitation Centre.

University provides modern accommodation. It has 6 well-designed up-to-date hostels with all modern conveniences where there are fitness gyms, billiards, also one may play table tennis, just relax in calm atmosphere.

Huge work has been done to open Polessky State University and a great deal is due to the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus.

Belarusian leader accentuated that ”...the development of our country, its independence and prosperity, depends in many respects on the quality of knowledge of future bankers and economists“.

 

Biotechnological faculty

The history of the Biotechnological faculty dates back to September 2007, when the department of biotechnology was founded to become a branch of the Healthy Way of Life Organisation faculty. In May 2010 the department of biotechnology was reorganized into the Biotechnological faculty.

Today the Biotechnological faculty offers the following courses:

First level programmes:

- BIOLOGY (5 years, 10 semesters; specializations ”Biology (Biotechnology)“, ”Biology (Scientific and production activity“);

- GARDEN AND PARK LAYOUT (4,5 years, 9 semesters; specialization ”Landscape design“);

- INDUSTRIAL FISHING (4,5 years, 9 semesters; specialization ”Fish processing technologies“)

DEPARTMENTS:

- Department of biology;

- Department of biotechnology;

- Department of landscape design.

LABORATORIES:

- Laboratory of agricultural biotechnology;

- Laboratory of industrial biotechnology with a branch of aquaculture;

- Laboratory of plant cell technologies.

In the academic year of 2011-2012 the faculty trains 328 students - 275 full-time students and 53 part-time students. All the students of the faculty are provided with comfortable hostels. The faculty is young, it is rapidly developing, and studying here is a good choice.

Exercise 1

Find in the text English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

Современное образовательное учреждение, развитие творческих способностей студентов, иметь доступ к современному компьютерному оборудованию, находиться в распоряжении студентов, обеспечивать жильем, садово-парковый дизайн, промышленное рыбоводство.

Exercise 2

Complete the following sentences:

1. Six faculties provide training at the University:…

2. Educational process of Polessky State University provides students with…

3. Students can get higher education through…

4. Students who demonstrate superior academic performance may apply for…

5. The history of the Biotechnological faculty dates back to…

6. Today the Biotechnological faculty offers the following courses:

Exercise 3

Answer the questions:

1.When was Polessky State University founded?

2. How many faculties are there at the University?

3. What facilities are at students’ disposal?

4. Who are our international partners?

5. When was Biotechnological faculty founded?

6. How many laboratories does it have?

 

 

COLLEGE LIFE

The merry-go-round of college life is something that one never forgets. It’s a fascinating, fantastic, fabulous experience, irrespective of the fact whether one is a full-time or a part-time student.

Who can forget the first day at the university when one turns from an applicant who has passed entrance exams into a first-year student? I did it! I entered; I got in to the university! A solemn ceremony in front of the university building and serious people making speeches. Hey, lad, do you happen to know who they are? Who? The rector, vice-rectors, deans, subdeans... and what about those ladies? Heads of departments and senior lecturers? Okay. Some of them must be professors, some — associate or assistant professors, but, of course, all of them have high academic degrees. And where are our lecturers and tutors? Oh, how nice...

The monitors hand out student membership cards, student record books and library cards — one feels like a real person. First celebrations and then days of hard work. So many classes, so many new subjects to put on the timetable! The curriculum seems to be developed especially for geniuses. Lectures, seminars and tutorials. Home preparations; a real avalanche of homework.

If one can not cope with the work load of college he or she immediately starts lagging behind. It is easier to keep pace with the programme than to catch up with it later. Everyone tries hard to be, or at least to look, diligent. First tests and examination sessions. The first successes and first failures: ”I have passed!“ or ”He has not given me a pass!“ Tears and smiles. And a long-awaited vacation.

The merry-go-round runs faster. Assignments, written reproductions, compositions, synopses, papers. Translations checked up and marked. ”Professor, I have never played truant, I had a good excuse for missing classes.“ Works handed in and handed out. Reading up for exams. ”No, professor, I have never cheated — no cribs. I just crammed.“

Junior students become senior. Still all of them are one family — undergraduates. Student’s parties in the student's club. Meeting people and parting with people. You know, Nora is going to be expelled and Dora is going to graduate with honours. Yearly essays, graduation dissertations, finals...

What? A teacher’s certificate? You mean, I’ve got a degree in English? I am happy! It is over! It is over... Is it over? Oh, no...

A postgraduate course, a thesis, an oral, and a degree in Philology. The first of September. Where are the students of the faculty of foreign languages? Is it the English department? Oh, how nice...

 

Exercise 1

Find in the text English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

студент дневной формы обучения, студент заочной формы обучения, абитуриент, сдавать экзамены, первокурсник, ректор, проректор, декан, заместитель декана, староста, вручать студенческие билеты, читательский билет, справляться с работой, экзаменационная сессия, прогуливать занятия, списывать.

 

Exercise 2

Complete the following sentences:

1.Who can forget the first day at the university when…

2.The monitors hand out…

3.If one can not cope with the work load of college he…

4. It is easier to keep pace with…

Exercise 3

Answer the questions:

1. What can college life be compared with?

2. Why is the first day at the university or college unforgettable?

3. What are the duties of the monitor?

4. How can you describe college life?

Discussion

Do yon agree or not? Comment on the following statements.

1. A man is never too old to learn.

2. Education covers a lot of ground but it doesn’t cultivate it.

3. Live and learn.

4. By doing nothing we learn to do ill.

5. Better untaught than ill taught.

6. Brevity is the soul of wit.

Role Play

A Talk in the Living-Room.

Setting: The Richardson’s house.

Situation: A group of students gather at Richardson’s on their vacations. They used to be classmates once. Now they are all students of different colleges and universities. In the evening they are sitting in the living-room near the fireplace and speak about their college life, sharing experiences.

Characters:

Card I—II — Sarah and Terry Richardson. They have invited everyone to their house. They are a sister and brother and go to a technical college. Sarah hates it and Terry loves it.

Card III—IV — Dora and Laura. Two medical school students. They have just had their professional experience in a hospital and compare studies and real life.

Card V— Harry, a student of the chemical faculty at the university. He failed to pass his exams in spring and is going to take them in autumn.

Card VI — Barbara, a student of the French department of the faculty of foreign languages at a university. She has won a personal grant for success in studies.

Card VII—VIII — Barry and Jerry, two friends who do economics at the university. Both are enthusiastic learners and like to speak about their future speciality.

Card IX — Flora, a student of an art school. She likes her drawing classes but does not like any of her other subjects.

Card X—XI — Clarry and Nora, students of a music school. In school years they used to be friends because they played in a school orchestra. They are thinking of creating a pop-group of their own.

Card XII — Lany. He was expelled from the faculty of Maths for missing classes and is dreaming of getting back.

WRITING

Write an essay on one of the following topics.

1. Our College Life Needs Changes.

2. Some Advice for College Students.

3. Why (Psychology/Sociology/...) Is So Popular with Students.

4. I Would Put Myself in the Group of (Diligent/Lazy/...) Students.

5. Education Reform. To Be or Not to Be?

Unit 5

Places around My Town

Places in the City

Topical Vocabulary

Buildings

bar

swimming pool/baths

library

hospital

lost-property office

gallery

zoo

café/cafe

cinema; am. (movie) theater, cinema

kiosk, stall

mosque

bridge

museum

nightclub

memorial, monument

hairdresser's, hair salon

post office

restaurant

synagogue

cathedral

stadium

statue

theatre; am. theatre/theater

church

circus

Outside

arch

gate(s)

traffic

road

road sign

traffic jam, congestion

flower-bed

on/to the left

on/to the right

crossroads, junction; am. intersection,

(pedestrian) crossing; am. crosswalk

to cross the street/road

pedestrian

town plan, street map

park

(town) square

Здания бар бассейн библиотека больница бюро находок галерея зоопарк кафе кино киоск мечеть мост музей ночной клуб памятник парикмахерская почта ресторан синагога собор стадион статуя театр церковь цирк На улицах города арка ворота движение дорога дорожный знак затор клумба налево направо перекрёсток переход переходить/перейти (через) улицу пешеход план города парк площадь

Cities

city, town, village, hamlet, settlement

capital, metropolis, big city, small town

center, downtown, outskirts, suburb

region, district, neighbourhood

Streets and transportation:

street, road, avenue, alley, boulevard, lane, drive, route

main street, side street, back street, bystreet

main road, side road, back road, byroad, country road, dirt road, paved road

highway, speedway, expressway, freeway, parkway, causeway

access road, toll road, turnpike

autobahn, motorway, superhighway

zebra crossing, crosswalk

bus stop, bus terminal, taxi stop, subway station, subway entrance

parking lot, garage, curb parking, to park at the curb, parking meter

train station, railway station, airport

Buildings

house, apartment house, residential building

row house, townhouse, cottage, summer house

cabin, bungalow, hut, lodge

mansion, villa, castle, palace

two-story building, multi-storey building, skyscraper, high rise, tower

office building, concrete-steel building, glass building, brick building

elevator building, walk-up building

temple, chapel

Eating places:

restaurant, French restaurant, fast food restaurant, self-service restaurant

diner, eatery, coffee shop, snack bar, lunchroom

pub

Shopping places

shopping centre, shopping mall

department store, shoe store, computer store, bookstore

food store, supermarket, grocery store

market, market place, mart

trading centre / trade centre

food market, farmers’ market, flower market, flea market

fair, annual fair, book fair, job fair, trade fair, world’s fair

newsstand, fruit stand, street vendor

bazaar

Tourist information places

tourist information centre, visitors centre, visitors bureau; travel agency

Hotels

hotel, inn, motel, lodge, youth hostel