Lesson 2. Computers in Our Life.

Lesson 2. Computers in Our Life.

 

Exercise 1. Прочитайте, переведите слова и составьте с ними предложения.

Computer, to play games, to send e-mail, to surf the Internet, keyboard, mouse, to edit.

Exercise 2. Не путайте!

personal - личный personnel – персонал, коллектив

data - данные date - дата

 

Exercise 3. Следующие слова и словосочетания следует знать.

To store - хранить

to retrieve – воспроизводить, извлекать

to process - обрабатывать

to type - печатать

to browse – искать, просматривать (в поиске информации)

spreadsheets - таблицы

hardware – аппаратное обеспечение, «железо» (системный блок, монитор и т.п.)

software – программное обеспечение, основные программы

to rely on - полагаться

touch-sensitive – сенсорный (экран)

applications (apps) – приложения, прикладные программы

to withdraw cash from an ATM – обналичивать, снимать деньги в банкомате

to scan groceries – сканировать товары и продукты питания

to access - получать доступ

built-in — встроенный

 

Computers

A computer is an electronic device. It manipulates information or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. People can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web, edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.

Two things all computers have in common: hardware and software.

·Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer's internal parts.

· Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how to do it. Examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors. People use Microsoft PowerPoint to create presentations.

Everything you do on your computer will rely on both hardware and software. For example, imagine, you are viewing the e-book in a web browser (software) and using your mouse (hardware) to click from page to page.

When most people hear the word computer, they think of a personal computer such as a desktop or laptop. However, computers come in many shapes and sizes, and they perform many different functions in our daily lives. When you withdraw cash from an ATM, scan groceries at the store, or use a calculator, you're using a type of computer.

Many people use desktop computers at work, home, and school. Desktop computers are usually on our desks. Most of them have a few different parts, including the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

Tablet computers (tablets) are handheld computers. These computers are even more portable than laptops. Instead of a keyboard and mouse, tablets use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation. The iPad is an example of a tablet.

A server is a computer. This computer serves up information to other computers on a network. For example, whenever you use the Internet, you're looking at something that is stored on a server.

Many of today's electronics are basically specialized computers, though we don't always think of them that way. Here are a few common examples.

Many cell phones can do a lot of things computers can do, including browsing the Internet and playing games. They are often called smartphones.

Wearables. Wearable technology is a general term for a group of devices. These devices are worn throughout the day. They are often called wearables for short. Examples of wearables are fitness trackers and smartwatches.

A game console is a specialized type of computer. We use it for playing video games on your TV.

Many TVs now include applications. These programs let you access various types of online content. For example, you can stream video from the Internet directly onto your TV.

·Personal computers come in two main styles: PC and Mac. Both are fully functional, but they have a different look and feel, and many people prefer one or the other.

·This type of computer began with the original IBM PC that was introduced in 1981. Other companies began creating similar computers, which were called IBM PC Compatible (often shortened to PC). Today, this is the most common type of personal computer, and it typically includes the Microsoft Windows operating system.

·The Macintosh computer was introduced in 1984, and it was the first widely sold personal computer with a graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). All Macs are made by one company (Apple), and they almost always use the Mac OS X operating system.

 

Answer the questions:

1. What is a computer?

2. What is hardware?

3. What internal parts of computers do you know?

4. What is software?

5. What software programs do you have?

6. What web browser do you use?

7. What is your favourite computer game?

8. What are the different types of computers?

9. What computers do you use?

10. What is the most useful type of the computers do you know?

 

Exercise 4. Translate in Russian. Write new words to your vocabulary.

 

1) Because laptops are designed for portability, there are some important differences between them and desktop computers. A laptop has an all-in-one design, with a built-in monitor, keyboard, touchpad (which replaces the mouse), and speakers. This means it is fully functional, even when no peripherals are connected. A laptop is also quicker to set up, and there are fewer cables to get in the way.

2) Here are the main differences you can expect with a laptop.

· Touchpad: A touchpad (trackpad) is a touch-sensitive pad. It lets you control the pointer by making a drawing motion with your finger.

· Battery: Every laptop has a battery. It allows you to use the laptop when it's not plugged in. Whenever you plug in the laptop, the battery recharge s. Another benefit of having a battery is that it can provide backup power to the laptop if the power goes out.

· AC adapter: A laptop usually has a specialized power cable. It is called an AC adapter, We use the specific adapter with the specific type of laptop.

· Ports: Most laptops have the same types of ports as on desktop computers (such as USB), but they usually have fewer ports to save space. However, some ports may be different, and you may need an adapter in order to use them.

 

 

Exercise 5. Is it True or False? Объясните свой выбор.

 

1. Different types of computers also often use different types of software.

2. Many businesses use local file servers to store and share files internally.

3. A laptop is a personal computer. You cannot use it in the park or at the cafe.

4. Both a desktop computer and a laptop run the same software and open the same types of files.

5. Some basic laptops cost less than desktop computers, but these laptops are usually much less powerful machines.

6. People use computers for paying their bills, managing their home budgets or simply having some break and watching a movie, listening to songs or playing computer games.

7. Online services like skype or social media websites can not be used for communication and information sharing purposes.

8. Computers are not used in education.

9. People play games and chat for a long period of time, They simply waste time and energy.

10. Someone can hack the credit card numbers of the people or he can steal important data with the help of this computer.

11. The computers aren't used to store personal data of the people.

12. It is recommended to take a couple of minutes break after 30 minutes of computer usage.

 

 

Exercise 6. Match the word with its meaning (значение).

 

Grammar Exercises

Exercise 1. Read the sentences, translate them into Russian. Put them into negative (-) and interrogative (?) form. Future Simple.

1. Не will travel by plane to the USA.

2. I will be busy tomorrow.

3. The papers will be on my table tomorrow.

4. We will start learning German in September.

5. They will come home at six.

6. John will phone me in a day.

7. The teacher will speak to them after the lessons.

8. She will see John tonight.

9. The weather will be hot.

10. We’ll answer all the questions.

11. They will leave from the Central Station.

12. He will finish his work in an hour.

13. Next month I will fly to Argentina.

14. He will visit a museum tomorrow.

15. *It will be good to have backup copy of these documents.

16. *He will check the computer on viruses next week.

17. *She will store these files on her flash memory card.

18. *His new smartphone will be more expensive and powerful than his old one.

19. *This laptop will have much more battery life.

20. *Their computers will be less powerful.

Exercise 2. Open the brackets and put the verb into the Present Continuous.

1. I (to come) home now.

2. She (to write) an exercise at this moment.

3. They (to play) tennis now.

4. Mike (to read) a book now.

5. He (to watch) TV now.

6. I (to go) to university now.

7. She (to do) homework now.

8. They (to surf) the Internet now.

9. Sasha (to play) new computer game now.

10. He (to help) his mother with her new smartphone at this moment.

 

Exercise 3. Open the brackets.

1. You (to go) to a conference now?

2. Who (to build) this hostel now?

3. George (to write) a composition or report now?

4. What the secretary (to type) now?

5. Why the boys (not to play) computer games now?

6. Whom they (to wait) for now?

7. Whom he (to ask) questions now?

 

Exercise 4. Make the sentences a) negative; b) interrogative.

1. It is raining now.

2. We are discussing a difficult problem now.

3. The students are having Maths lesson at present.

4. I am waiting for my friend in the corner of the street now.

5. Tim is answering the teacher’s questions at present.

 

Exercise 5. Look at the table and make up sentences about Mike’s plans for the week.

 

Monday	write a course paper, to go to the gym in the evening
Tuesday	clean the room, work at the Internet center, phone parents
Wednesday	to write a report in Philosophy
Thursday	go shopping, buy meat and vegetables, play volleyball
Friday	buy a ticket for a train, to pack things, water the flowers
Saturday	go home, to repair a car, have a party
Sunday	to get ready for seminars, read a book, visit a cousin in the evening, to go back to the hostel

Exercise 6. Be ready to discuss your plans for the week with your classmates.

Exercise 7. Put the sentences into Past Simple.

1. David lives in Boston.

2. Chris is in the museum.

3. The lessons start at nine o’clock.

4. He writes programs.

5. I watch the news on my smartphone.

6. Frank gets up at six o’clock in the morning.

7. They listen to the music on their PDA's.

8. He drinks mineral water for breakfast.

9. Sid goes to bed at nine o’clock.

10. Peter plays new computer game.

11. He brings me presents.

12. Tommy Brown is a programmer.

13. He reads many books.

14. Mr. Jones repairs his desktop computer.

15. They work in the Internet center.

 

Exercise 8. Put the verb in brackets into Past Simple.

1. I ….. (be) at home last weekend.

2. She......... (type) all night.

3. It......(rain) last night.

4. We.......... (listen) to her attentively at the lesson.

5. They............ (start) the work early in the morning.

6. The library...... (close) at 5 o’clock.

7. My friends....... (want) to go to the cinema yesterday.

8. We.......... (make) lot of mistakes in the dictation.

9. When.......... you (come) home yesterday?

10. They........... (not watch) the football match last night.

 

Exercise 9. Put was - wasn’tor were – weren’t. Translate.

1. Phillip............. at the swimming pool yesterday. He goes there every day.

2. Mr. and Mrs. Claydon............ at the cinema last night. They.............. at home.

3. Now the weather is warm. But two days ago it.......... cold.

4. Alex and Tom............ at the holiday camp last year.

5. He............ at the university yesterday because he......... ill.

6. The film.......... very interesting, we didn’t like it.

7. Her jeans........ clean, but her shoes........... dirty.

 

Exercise 10. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.

1. We went to the library two days ago.

2. Alan got up at six o’clock yesterday.

3. My parents had guests last night.

4. Nancy gave her book to Angela.

5. Patrick ate all the vegetables.

6. I did my homework in the evening.

7. He bought some apples for supper.

8. They phoned their parents on Tuesday.

9. Our teacher asked us many questions.

10. He cleaned his room in the morning.

Exercise 11. Open the brackets and put the verb to be into the correct tense form. Translate the sentences. Passive Voice.

1. My question (to be) answered.

2. Hockey (to be) played in winter.

3. His new book (to be) finished.

4. Flowers (to be) sold in shops and in the streets.

5. Bread (to be) eaten every day.

 

Exercise 12. Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct tense. Write the sentences a) in the negative; b) in the interrogative.

1. This work (to do) by him.

2. This text (to translate) at the lesson.

3. The problems (to discuss) during the lesson.

4. The book you need can (to find) in any library.

5. This grammar rule (to explain) by the teacher at the English lesson.

 

Exercise 13. Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct tense in Passive or Active Voice. Translate them.

1. Dolly often (to play) badminton in summer. - Badminton (to play) in summer.

2. We (to visit) the concert. - The concert (to visit).

3. We (not to play) hockey in summer. - Hockey (not to play) in summer.

4. He (to do) three of these exercises. - Three of these exercises (to do) by him.

5. They (to write) the composition. - The composition (to write) by them.

 

Exercise 14. Put in the preposition by, with or of.

1. The book is written... W. Shakespeare.

2. Cake is made... eggs, milk, flour, sugar and jam.

3. Newspapers are brought... a postman.

4. Soup is eaten... a spoon.

5. The dinner is cooked... my mother.

6. The walls are painted... my brother... a paintbrush.

7. Cheese is made... milk.

 

Exercise 15. Измените предложения, из действительного залога в страдательный.

Example: We discuss different types of computers – Different types of computers are discussed by us.

1. We send these e-mails.

2. The students don't finish the translation of the text.

3. He repairs computers very quickly.

Lesson 2. Computers in Our Life.

 

Exercise 1. Прочитайте, переведите слова и составьте с ними предложения.

Computer, to play games, to send e-mail, to surf the Internet, keyboard, mouse, to edit.

Exercise 2. Не путайте!

personal - личный personnel – персонал, коллектив

data - данные date - дата

 

Exercise 3. Следующие слова и словосочетания следует знать.

To store - хранить

to retrieve – воспроизводить, извлекать

to process - обрабатывать

to type - печатать

to browse – искать, просматривать (в поиске информации)

spreadsheets - таблицы

hardware – аппаратное обеспечение, «железо» (системный блок, монитор и т.п.)

software – программное обеспечение, основные программы

to rely on - полагаться

touch-sensitive – сенсорный (экран)

applications (apps) – приложения, прикладные программы

to withdraw cash from an ATM – обналичивать, снимать деньги в банкомате

to scan groceries – сканировать товары и продукты питания

to access - получать доступ

built-in — встроенный

 

Computers

A computer is an electronic device. It manipulates information or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. People can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web, edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.

Two things all computers have in common: hardware and software.

·Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer's internal parts.

· Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how to do it. Examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors. People use Microsoft PowerPoint to create presentations.

Everything you do on your computer will rely on both hardware and software. For example, imagine, you are viewing the e-book in a web browser (software) and using your mouse (hardware) to click from page to page.

When most people hear the word computer, they think of a personal computer such as a desktop or laptop. However, computers come in many shapes and sizes, and they perform many different functions in our daily lives. When you withdraw cash from an ATM, scan groceries at the store, or use a calculator, you're using a type of computer.

Many people use desktop computers at work, home, and school. Desktop computers are usually on our desks. Most of them have a few different parts, including the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

Tablet computers (tablets) are handheld computers. These computers are even more portable than laptops. Instead of a keyboard and mouse, tablets use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation. The iPad is an example of a tablet.

A server is a computer. This computer serves up information to other computers on a network. For example, whenever you use the Internet, you're looking at something that is stored on a server.

Many of today's electronics are basically specialized computers, though we don't always think of them that way. Here are a few common examples.

Many cell phones can do a lot of things computers can do, including browsing the Internet and playing games. They are often called smartphones.

Wearables. Wearable technology is a general term for a group of devices. These devices are worn throughout the day. They are often called wearables for short. Examples of wearables are fitness trackers and smartwatches.

A game console is a specialized type of computer. We use it for playing video games on your TV.

Many TVs now include applications. These programs let you access various types of online content. For example, you can stream video from the Internet directly onto your TV.

·Personal computers come in two main styles: PC and Mac. Both are fully functional, but they have a different look and feel, and many people prefer one or the other.

·This type of computer began with the original IBM PC that was introduced in 1981. Other companies began creating similar computers, which were called IBM PC Compatible (often shortened to PC). Today, this is the most common type of personal computer, and it typically includes the Microsoft Windows operating system.

·The Macintosh computer was introduced in 1984, and it was the first widely sold personal computer with a graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). All Macs are made by one company (Apple), and they almost always use the Mac OS X operating system.

 

Answer the questions:

1. What is a computer?

2. What is hardware?

3. What internal parts of computers do you know?

4. What is software?

5. What software programs do you have?

6. What web browser do you use?

7. What is your favourite computer game?

8. What are the different types of computers?

9. What computers do you use?

10. What is the most useful type of the computers do you know?

 

Exercise 4. Translate in Russian. Write new words to your vocabulary.

 

1) Because laptops are designed for portability, there are some important differences between them and desktop computers. A laptop has an all-in-one design, with a built-in monitor, keyboard, touchpad (which replaces the mouse), and speakers. This means it is fully functional, even when no peripherals are connected. A laptop is also quicker to set up, and there are fewer cables to get in the way.

2) Here are the main differences you can expect with a laptop.

· Touchpad: A touchpad (trackpad) is a touch-sensitive pad. It lets you control the pointer by making a drawing motion with your finger.

· Battery: Every laptop has a battery. It allows you to use the laptop when it's not plugged in. Whenever you plug in the laptop, the battery recharge s. Another benefit of having a battery is that it can provide backup power to the laptop if the power goes out.

· AC adapter: A laptop usually has a specialized power cable. It is called an AC adapter, We use the specific adapter with the specific type of laptop.

· Ports: Most laptops have the same types of ports as on desktop computers (such as USB), but they usually have fewer ports to save space. However, some ports may be different, and you may need an adapter in order to use them.

 

 

Exercise 5. Is it True or False? Объясните свой выбор.

 

1. Different types of computers also often use different types of software.

2. Many businesses use local file servers to store and share files internally.

3. A laptop is a personal computer. You cannot use it in the park or at the cafe.

4. Both a desktop computer and a laptop run the same software and open the same types of files.

5. Some basic laptops cost less than desktop computers, but these laptops are usually much less powerful machines.

6. People use computers for paying their bills, managing their home budgets or simply having some break and watching a movie, listening to songs or playing computer games.

7. Online services like skype or social media websites can not be used for communication and information sharing purposes.

8. Computers are not used in education.

9. People play games and chat for a long period of time, They simply waste time and energy.

10. Someone can hack the credit card numbers of the people or he can steal important data with the help of this computer.

11. The computers aren't used to store personal data of the people.

12. It is recommended to take a couple of minutes break after 30 minutes of computer usage.

 

 

Exercise 6. Match the word with its meaning (значение).