Unit II. Dentistry specialties – p. 16

Members of a dental team

Word formation. Articles of nouns. Verb forms. Pronouns one, those. Conjunctions who, that, which

Laboratory technicians. Dental assistants

Dentistry advances

Appraisal of the advances in dentistry

Unit III. Anatomy of the facio-mandibular area – p. 23

The Bones of the Skull Oral Cavity

Degrees of comparison of adjectives. Passive Voice Infinitive

Skull Hard palate, soft palate and pharynx

Alveolar processes and alveolar bone Lips and cheeks

Multiple way description

Unit IV. The structure of teeth and odontogenesis – p. 31

Anatomical structure of the tooth

Participle II. Pronouns one-ones, that –those

Tooth development

The Teeth. Tooth structures formation

Judgement

Unit V. Human dentition – p. 36

Human Dentition

Ing -forms of verbs

Table of Eruption of Teeth

Tooth structures forma-tion. Three periods of cementum deposition. The embryonal period of the oral cavity development. Development of the jaws. Development of the oral cavity as a whole

Multiple-way description

Unit VI. Physiology of digestion and the role of the oral cavity structures – p. 44

Digestion in the mouth. Mastication.

Non-finite verb forms. Comparative analysis

The chemical reduction of food

Judgement

Unit VII. Dental abnormalities – p. 47

Anomalies of the oral cavity structures

Phrasal verbs. Collocations. Verb + preposition + Gerund

A little patient with a cleft lip and palate. Malocclusion in children

Occlusal interferences and occlusal harmony. Facial clefts. Oral structures anomalies in ancient times

Multiple- way discussion

Unit VIII. Human habits as a cause of oral structures disturbances – p. 55

Harmful habits

Verb + Infinitive versus Verb + Gerund

Bruxism. Thumb-sucking and pacifier use may damage children's teeth

Eating habits - the rules or prejudices? A bibliographical survey of bruxism. Stained teeth. What effect does diet have on my oral health?

Multiple-way discussion

Unit IX. Microbiology of the oral cavity – p. 63

Normal flora of the mouth and upper respiratory tract

Complex Subject. Complex Object.

Caries-producing microorganisms. Microbiological aspects of caries prevention

Bacteria from gum infections are associated with diabetes and chronic lung disease. - The suspected link between mothers’ gum disease and the health of her offspring

Making a report. Group discussion

Unit X. Hygiene of the oral cavity and preventive dentistry – p. 70

Preventive dentistry

Grammar review

The influence of xylitol. Fluorine and teeth. Health education programme for mothers with young children.

Flossing is still best for oral health care. Dental check-ups for children. The role of fluoride in dentistry.

Case study

Appendix -p. 77

Grammar Files -p. 80

Glossary -p. 116

Unit I. Medical (dental) education in Russia and abroad

Lead-in

Our congratulations! You have happily entered the dentistry course. Would you share the main reasons for your choice? What were the motives of it? Did the parents agree with your choice? Did you know anything about the course of studies at the University before the entrance exams? Would you tell the groupmates how one can become a dentist in our country?

 

Reading

1. Give the Russian variants to the following words and word combinations:

total appraisal to take into account

suitability to be proficient in doing smth

applicant to enable critical assessment

curriculum to schedule

affiliated clinics to implement knowledge

case presentations to pursue careers

2. Read the text and try to organize the information according to the items:

a. The background and the structure of the department

The date of foundation

The chairs involved in the process of study

The evaluation of the provided education

b. The course of studies

The duration of the undergraduate program

The main subjects studied in the pre-clinical and clinical years

The role of practical training

c. The aims and perspectives of the education

The requirements to a future dentist

Ways to pursue the career

Dentistry department of the Volgograd

State Medical University

 

The dentistry department of the Volgograd State Medical University was organized in 1962. Almost 5000 dentists were trained during these 40 years.

The selection of students is based on a total appraisal of the suitability of the applicants for the program of the University. The following factors are taken into account: academic achievements in high school or college, results of the admission tests and a confidential report from school authorities considering personal qualities of the applicant.

About 42 chairs are involved in the process of undergraduate education. The basic fields of dentistry studied for 5 years are therapeutic, orthopaedic, surgical and pediatric dentistry and prevention of dental diseases.

Humanitarian, social and economical sciences compose almost one third of the curriculum. These subjects are studied mainly in the two pre-clinical years. During the clinical years, in the course of conservative dentistry students can master the methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of stomatological diseases. In the senior years the students study operative dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, prosthetic dentistry, pedodontics and orthodontia.

A balance of fundamental, professional sciences, arts and humanities is maintained in the course of studies. The main purpose of the dentistry department is to educate students to be proficient in providing oral health care. Today’s graduates must possess:

† scientific, technical and intellectual knowledge and skills;

† a well-integrated knowledge of biomedical, psychosocial, and dental sciences;

† evidence-based thinking that enables critical assessment and application of new approaches to patient care;

† skills for accessing information in support of life-long learning.

To provide a broad educational experience, the training program combines the resources of affiliated dental polyclinics and clinics. Lectures, seminars and case presentations are scheduled throughout the year.

The practice gives the opportunity to evaluate and implement the obtained knowledge in practical dentistry. Working as dentist assistants and residents the students master the skills of diagnosing and treatment of dental abnormalities and diseases.

Graduates of the department are prepared to pursue careers in academics, research and clinical practice. The highest level of the education provided by the Volgograd State Medical University is recognized by the WHO. After receiving a diploma, the dentists may apply for post-graduate training and specialize in different spheres of dentistry.

 

Grammar

 

1. Group the sentences according to the meaning of the modal verb:

Ability Permission Advice Obligation Necessity

 

1. In case an applicant submits all the necessary documents, he may pass entrance exams.

2. A person should work harder if he is eager to enter the University.

3. After the course completion a graduate can start his own practice.

4. A dentist needs a diploma to apply for job.

5. You have to pass the exams because you are to be licensed!

 

2. Find the sentences with modal verbs in the text you have read and explain the meaning of the modal verb. What other modal verbs and equivalents could be used to express the same idea?

Ex: You must get top marks to enter the University. (obligation). Variants:

- You have to get top marks…

- You should get top marks…

- You are to get top marks… etc.

 

3. Make 2 special questions to ask about the application procedure.

Make 3 common questions to ask about the subjects studied.

Make 3 disjunctive questions on practical training and perspectives of future dentists.

 

Summary

 

† What is the difference between retelling a text and composing a summary?

† How many sentences should a summary contain?

† Is it reasonable to make a plan of the text before composing an abstract?

† What other tips for making an abstract do you know?

 

Make summaries of the following texts: