Coordinate Conjunctions. Сочинительные союзы

Следующие союзы являются признаком связи однородных членов предложения или сочиненных предложений: and – и, а; as well as – так же, как и; both... and – как... так и; or – или; иначе; but – но, а; either... or – или... или, либо... либо; neither... nor – ни... ни.

Примечание. Обратите внимание на то, что при переводе на русский язык предложений с союзом neither... nor сказуемое переводится в отрицательной форме.

В сложносочиненных предложениях используются также союзы: whereas – тогда как, while – в то время как, therefore – поэтому, moreover – кроме того, so – так что, итак, however – однако, nevertheless – тем не менее, otherwise – в противном случае, or else – в противном случае, thus – таким образом, hence – следовательно.

Exercises

1. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. The air was clean and fresh. 2. I went to the shop, and he continued his work in the laboratory. 3. There was a couch as well as a bed in the room.
4. Both the brother and the sister were punished. 5. It was very difficult to work under such conditions, but the builders stubbornly went on with their job. 6. We shall go there either by car or by bus. 7. We could find him neither in the shop nor in the office. 8. We must hurry or we shall be late.

Subordinate Conjunctions. Подчинительные союзы

Следующие союзы являются признаком начала придаточного предложения. Как правило, за ними следует подлежащее придаточного предложения: after – после того как; as – в то время как, по мере того как, когда; после того как; as – так как; as – как; as... as – так (же)... как (и); as if – как будто (бы), как если бы; as long as – (до тех пор) пока; as soon as – как только; because – потому что, так как; before – прежде чем, перед тем как, до того как; for – так как, ибо; if – если; if – ли; in case – (в случае) если; in order that – (для того) чтобы; lest – (для того) чтобы... не; provided (that), providing – при условии если (что); since – с тех пор как, с того времени как; since – поскольку, так как; so that – (для того) чтобы, с тем, чтобы; than – чем; though (although) – хотя (и); till – (см. until); unless – если (только)... не; until – до тех пор, пока..., не; when – когда; whether – ли; while – пока, в то время как.

Примечание. Союз if – ли от союза if – если отличают по предшествующему глаголу. Союз if – ли может стоять только после переходного глагола. Союз than +прилагательное (или наречие) в сравнительной степени обычно переводится чем..., тем....

Exercises

1. Translate into Russian paying attention to the conjunctions:

1. I watched TV after I finished my homework. 2. As I approached the house, I heard the sounds of music. 3. As the train steamed up the border, they all went out to greet the guests. 4. As I was in a hurry, I had to take a taxi. 5. Не did exactly as she told him. 6. We were going up the road as fast as we could. 7. The airplane headed north as if it wanted to cross the mountain range. 8. I will remember you as long as I live. 9. As soon as the sun rose, we started on an excursion. 10. I liked this film because it was funny. 11. Before he started on a trip, Tom bought a new sleeping bag. 12. She returned to her room again, for she was very tired. 13. If you are in trouble, stay here with me. 14. I asked if he had seen the fire. 15. In case you are in trouble, let me know. 16. She took a handbag in order that she might have something in her hands. 17. I'll ring her up lest she should forget about the concert. 18. We shall do it provided you support us. 19. We have been friends since we went to school. 20. Since you won't take advice, there is no point in asking for it. 21. Не decided to cross the mountains so that we could reach the airfield in the daytime. 22. The picture cost more than I intended to spend. 23. The longer I think of your proposal, the more I like it. 24. She did not cry though she felt miserable. 25. Unless you start at once, you will be late. 26. I shall wait until he comes home. 27. When I came home I found Alice there. 28. I asked him whether he had been there. 29. Strike while the iron is hot.

Test 1

Choose the right variant:

1. Shop assistant: What’s your size?

Helen: _____________________________

a) Thirty-four, and I want very warm ones, too. It’s very cold outside. b)Oh yes, it’s terribly cold. c) Thirty-four… You have very small feet. It won’t be easy to find a suitable pair, I’m afraid.

2. Mother: Pete, we’ve run out of vegetables and we’ve hardly any bread in the house. You know, now it’s your turn to go to the greengrocer’s and to the baker’s.

Pete: __________________________________

a) Oh, bother! Why do we have to go shopping so often?

b) Did she? But, Mother, girls are so fond of shopping. Let Nelly do it today as well.

c) (sighing):My teacher says the same.

3. Shop assistant: "Can I help you?" Customer: “___________________"

a) Fine b) Oh, good. I'm so glad to have met you. c) No, it's all right, thanks, I'm just looking.

4. Helen: Excuse me. How do I get to the shoe department?

Shop assistant: _________________________________

a) It’s over there on the left, please. b) What’s your size? c) Just a moment. I’ll have another look.

5. One can buy bread at the ….

a) grocer’s b) baker’s c) butcher’s

6. We usually wear … in winter.

a) high boots b) shoes c) slippers

7. People usually sleep in ….

a) shorts b) dressing gown c) pyjamas

8. I don’t want this dress. It’s … fashion.

a) in b)from c) out of

9. This suit is not your size. It doesn’t … you.

a) become b) suit c) fit

10. It’s too expensive. You got a … bargain there.

a) good b) bad c) well

Test 2

Choose the right variant:

1. Tom is their... son.

a) older

b) elder

2. Kiev Is... than Kursk.

a) farther

b) further

3. Her baby is... than mine.

a) less

b) smaller

4. The situation changed from bad to....

a) well

b) worse

5. Her husband is twice as... as she is.

a) old

b) older

6. The more she knew this man the... she liked him.

a) little

b)less

7. Honey is … than sugar.

a) usefuler

b) more useful

8. Moscow is the … city in our country.

a) biggest

b) bigest

9. You are much … than your brother.

a) more taller

b) taller

10. He is the … student in our group.

a) more talented

b) most talented

Topic: MY UNIVERSITY

Topical Vocabulary

around вокруг • There аге а lot of flowers around the building.

beautiful красивый • beautiful flowers; а beautiful girl

behind позади • Behind the house there is а garden.

to choose выбирать • Let's choose some books for reading.

to соmе in (into) входить • Соmе in, please. Соmе into the rооm.

dean декан •

dean's office деканат • Where is the dean's office?

to draw рисовать • Let mе draw these beautiful flowers.

far далекий, далеко • far from the Institute

а few (исчисляем.) = some несколько •Теll us а few words about your life and work.

following следующий • Read the following question, please.

from от, из, с • to take а book from the shelf,

to go (to) идти (куда-л.) • to go into входить куда-л.• The workers going to the plant.,

good-bye до свидания • to say good-bye попрощаться

great великий • а great artist

great number of = vеrу mаnу большое число • а great number of books ground [graund] земля • sports ground спортивная площадка

group [gru:p] группа

hаll зал • а big hall

to help помогать • Let me help you.

holiday праздник;рl каникулы • We аге having holidays now.

just как раз (усилительная частица) • just now в данный момент; just nеаr the office

language язык • а foreign language; the English language

to bе late опаздывать • Не is always late.

library библиотека • Our libгагу is оn the fourth floor.

librarian библиотекарь • Our librarian's nаmе is Магу.

to look through просматривать • What magazine аге you looking through?

to make делать • to make а radio set

near близко, рядом; около • nеаг the libгагу (the dean's office) necessary необходимый • аll necessary books

to bе оvеr кончаться • The lesson is оvеr.

to paint писать красками • to paint а picture реасе мир • Long Live Реасе!

physicaI culture физкультура • а class in physical culture place место • Go to your place. This is ту place.

to play играть • to play tennis

portrait портрет • to paint (to draw) а portrait; This is mу mother's portrait.

poster плакат, афиша • а holiday poster;

the poster reads плакат гласит

to ргераге готовить • to ргераге homework

reading-room читальный зал • What floor is the reading-room оn?

scientist ученый • а great Russian scientist

to see видеть • Glad to see you again. See you soon.

sentence предложение. Read the following sentence, please.

To study учить, изучать • Wе аге studying English.

Studies занятия • Теll us а few words about yоur studies. Through через • through the window

to work (at) работать (над) • Не is working at his English now. Workshop мастерская • to work in the workshop to write писать • She is writing а letter to hег parents. Writer писатель • books bу modern young writers

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