С именами существительными собственными

Как правило, артикли не употребляются с собственными именами, к которым относятся:

1) имена и фамилии людей: Peter, John Smith;

2) названия городов: Rome, New York, London, Buenos Aires;

3) названия стран: England, Germany, Spain, Greece, Argentina;

4) названия континентов: America, Asia, Europe, Australia, Africa;

названия улиц, площадей: King Street, Oxford Circus.

Примечание. Перед фамилиями, употребленными во множественном числе для обозначения членов одной и той же семьи, употребляется определенный артикль: the Pavlovs (Павловы), the Browns (Брауны).

Употребление артикля

С именами существительными вещественными и отвлеченными

1. Имена существительные вещественные употребляются без артикля, когда они обозначают не определенное количество того или иного вещества, а лишь называют какое-либо вещество как таковое. Е. g. I like milk. Я люблю молоко. This is coffee. Это кофе.

2. Существительные вещественные употребляются с определенным артиклем, когда речь идет об определенном количестве данного вещества, когда из ситуации или контекста ясно, о каком именно количестве вещества идет речь. Е. g. Pass me the bread, please. Передайте мне хлеб, пожалуйста. (Речь идет о хлебе, находящимся на столе).

3. Существительные отвлеченные употребляются без артикля, когда они выражают отвлеченные понятия в общем смысле. Е. g. I like music. Я люблю музыку.

4. Существительные отвлеченные употребляются с индивидуализирующим артиклем, когда они имеют при себе определение, служащее для того, чтобы отнести данный признак, состояние, чувство и т. п. к какому-либо лицу или предмету. Е. g. I like the music of this ballet. Мне нравится музыка этого балета.

Артикли с географическими названиями

1. Как указывалось выше, названия континентов, стран, штатов, провинций, городов, деревень, как правило, употребляются без артикля, даже если к ним имеется определение: France, China, Poland, Madrid, Central Africa, Northern Europe. Исключениями из этого правила являются: the USA (США), the Netherlands (Нидерланды), the Crimea (Крым), the Caucasus (Кавказ).

2. Названия океанов, морей, проливов, каналов, рек и озер обычно употребляются с определенным артиклем: the Pacific Ocean (the Pacific) (Тихий океан), the Black Sea, the Don, the Volga, the English Channel (Ламанш), the Baikal (но: Lake Baikal).

Названия горных цепей и групп островов употребляются с определенным артиклем: the Alps, the Urals, the Bermudas. Названия отдельных горных вершин и островов употребляются без артикля: Elbrus, Everest, Madagascar, Cyprus

Exercises

1. Supply "a/an" where necessary:

1. I'm going to bed. I've got a headache. 2. I was awake all night with... toothache. 3. I think Gillan’s got... flue. 4. The children are in bed with...mumps. 5. Mind you don't catch... cold. 6.... measles can be very unpleasant. 7. Don't come over me. I've got... sore throat. 8. I think I've got... cold! 9. I've had... terrible backache. 10.1 often suffer from... backache.

2. Supply "the" or "-":

1. She served... cold meat and cheese. 2.... meat we had for lunch last Sunday was very tough. 3. Where did... life come from? 4. I don't know much about... life of Salvador Dali. 5.1 can't call it... running. It's... jogging. 6, I ought to be fit with all... running I do, but I don't feel fit. 7. I think... red dress will suit you best.... Red is more your colour. 8.... watches have become very cheap and very attractive. 9. Most of... watches you see today work on... quartz. 10. What has been the longest period of... peace in... history? 11. If you study... history, you've got to read a lot. 12....journeys to unknown places require a lot of preparation. 13.... lives of... poets and... musicians have often been unbearably difficult. 14. I'm not interested in buying... silver or... gold. 15.... time is... money. 16.1 can never forget... time I've spent in Paris.

3. Supply "a/an", "the" or "-":

1. We have... nice apartment in... centre of St. Petersburg. It is on... third floor of... new building. It is... three-room flat with... kitchen. 2.... individual has every right to expect personal freedom.... freedom of... individual is something worth fighting for. 3. I've got... appointment this afternoon. I've got to go to... doctor's. 4. We have seen what... Earth looks like from... Moon. 5. This is the front room.... ceiling and... walls need decorating, but... floor is in good order. We'll probably cover it with... carpet. 6. Look at this wonderful small computer.... top lifts up to form... screen;... front lifts off to form... keyboard and... whole thing weighs only 5 kilos. 7.... history of... world is... history of... war. 8. Is there... moon round... planet Venus? 9.... exercise is good for... body. 10. Could you pass me... salt, please?

4. Put in "a/an" or "the":

A Bad Customer

(1) man went into (2) shop and asked for (3) pound of apples which cost one shilling. (4) shopkeeper gave them to him. Then (5) man asked: "Can I exchange (6) apples for (7) pound of plums? (8) price is (9) same." (10) shopkeeper agreed, took back apples and gave him plums. (11) man took them and was going to leave (12) shop. (13) shopkeeper asked him for (14) money. " (15) money for what?" asked (16) man. "(17) for (18) plums," said (19) shopkeeper. "But I gave you (20) apples for (21) plums," answered (22) man. "Well, then, (23) money for (24) apples." "But you still have your apples," said (25) man and walked out of (26) shop. Thank You, I Feel Much Better

(1) doctor whose medical skill was much better than his handwriting, sent (2) invitation to (3) patient who was his friend to spend (4) evening with him. He said that there would be music and other things.

(5) friend did not come, and did not send any explanation. When they met (6) following day, (7) doctor asked whether he had received (8) note.

"Yes, thank you," replied (9) other. "I took it to (10) chemist, he made up medicine and I feel much better already."

5. Say what articles you would use for the italicized nouns in these situations:

1. У киоска "Соки-воды" вы говорите: "Я, пожалуй, возьму томатный сок". 2. Вы заинтересовались, из чего изготавливают строительные блоки. - "Из цемента и камня", ответили вам. 3. "Мама, купи мне мороженое", просит девочка. 4. При выходе из магазина вас спросили, есть ли там апельсины. 5. Сосед интересуется, из чего сделан ваш сервант. "По-моему, это красное дерево". 6. Расхваливая костюм, вы замечаете: "Непохоже, что это хлопок, можно подумать, что это шерсть". 1. На просьбу купить мороженое вы отвечаете: "Здесь не продают мороженое". 8. Проходя мимо киоска, вы спрашиваете: "Хочешь, я тебе куплю мороженое?" 9. "У тебя все лицо в яйце, иди умойся". 10. На завтрак я ем вареное яйцо и чашку кофе. 11. - Вы выпьете черный кофе? - Да, и без сахара.

Test 1

1. How many floors are there in a new block of flats?

a) four

b) twelve

c) ten

2. What room is the largest and most comfortable?

a) a living-room

b) a bedroom

c) a hall

3. What things are there in the flat?

a) a sideboard

b) a low table

c) a bookshelf

4. What is there to the right of the dinner-table?

a) a sofa

b) a wall-unit

c) an arm-chain

5. A small round table and a standard lamp are…

a) in the left-hand corner

b) in the middle of the room

c) in the right-hand corner

6. Where is there a dressing-table with a big mirror?

a) in the hall

b) in the bedroom

c) in the living-room

7. In the bed-room we have…

a) a built- in wardrobe

b) a divan-bed

c) a piano

8. There is a thick carpet on the floor…

a) in the hall

b) in the bedroom

c) in the kitchen

9. What is the warmest place in the flat?

a) the living-room

b) the kitchen

c) the bedroom

10. What English proverb is suitable to this text?

a) East or West home is best

b) My home is my castle

c) Well begun is half done

Test 2

1. Укажите правильный артикль:

1) He was born in... small Russian town.

a) a

b) an

c) the

d) -

2)... Petrovs are our neighbours.

a) a

b) an

c) the

d) -

3)... ice-cream is made of milk and sugar.

a) a

b) an

c) the

d) -

2. Выберите правильный артикль:

1)... Mississippi is the longest river in the USA.

a) a

b) the

c) -

2)... Jack London is a well-known American writer.

a) a

b)the

c) -

3)... tea is cold.

a) a

b) the

c) -

4) On... Monday we open at 9 o’clock.

a) a

b) the

c) -

3. Выберите правильный вариант:

1)... is never late to study.

a) it

b) there

2)... is no place like home.

a) it

b) there

3)... is pleasant to walk in the woods.

a) it

b) there

4) Once upon a time... lived a beautiful princess.

a) it

b) there

5)... is nothing but your imagination.

a) it

b) there

 

Topic: MY WORKING DAY

Topical Vocabulary

General: routine распорядок дня; weekdays дни недели / рабочие дни; on weekdays в рабочие дни; weekend выходные; at the weekend по выходным; to be busy (with) быть чем-то занятым.

In the morning: to wake up просыпаться; to get up вставать; it is time for me to get up мне пора вставать; alarm clock будильник; to do one’s bed заправлять постель; to air the room проветривать комнату; to do one’s morning exercises делать зарядку; to get ready for приготовиться к; to turn on/off a tap включить/выключить воду; to shave побриться; to clean (brush) teeth почистить зубы; to wash one’s face умыться; to brush one’s hair причесаться; to have a bath принять ванну to have a shower принять душ; to dry oneself with a towel вытереться полотенцем; to dress / to put on one’s clothes одеться.

Meals: to have breakfast/dinner/supper позавтракать/пообедать/поужинать; to have smth. for dinner съесть что-нибудь на обед; to cook dinner приготовить обед; to make tea приготовить чай; to have a cup of coffee/tea выпить чашку кофе/чая.

On the way to the university: to leave the house выйти из дома; to leave smth. for smth отправиться из…в….; on the way to по пути в; to take / catch a bus сесть на автобус; to go by bus / tram /train / metro ехать на автобусе/трамвае/поезде/метро; to take smb. 5 minutes to get to добраться до…за 5 минут – It takes me (smb.) 5 minutes to get to the Institute Я добираюсь до института за 5 минут; to be in time for / to come in time приходить вовремя; to be late for опаздывать.

In the afternoon: to have classes five times a week учиться 5 дней в неделю; in class в классе; after classes после занятий; to miss classes пропускать занятия; a canteen столовая.

In the evening: to spend one’s evening провести вечер; to have a rest / to rest отдыхать; to watch TV смотреть телевизор; to look through a newspaper пролистать газету; to play chess играть в шахматы; to play the piano играть на пианино; to listen to music слушать музыку; to go to the theatre / to the cinema; to go to a disco ходить в театр/в кино/на дискотеку; to be / feel tired уставать; to go to bed ложиться спать; to read smth. before going to bed почитать что-нибудь на ночь/перед сном.

Housework: to help smb. about the house помогать кому-то по дому; to clean / tidy up one’s room / to do the room убирать комнату; to dust вытирать пыль; to sweep the floor подметать пол; to wash up мыть посуду; to water
the flowers поливать цветы; to do the washing стирать; to do the ironing гладить; to cook готовить; to make a cake испечь пирог; to go shopping ходить за покупками.

Proverbs: An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. Better late than never. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

Text 1

My Daily Programme

This is my daily programme. I wake at about seven o’clock and then it is time for me to get up. First of all, I do my bed and open the window to let the fresh morning air in. Sometimes I do my morning exercises. I like a cold shower every morning, so I put on my dressing gown and slippers and go to the bathroom. The water feels very cold on winter mornings, but I rub myself hard with the towel and soon feel quite warm.

Then I shave, brush my teeth, wash my face and go back to the bedroom to dress. I brush and comb my hair and take a clean handkerchief out of the drawer. I have breakfast at a quarter past eight. As I have no time or wish to cook it I just have a cup of coffee and some sandwiches. After breakfast I sit and read my morning paper. I live in the suburbs and it takes me much time to get to the office. I leave the house at ten minutes to eight, and as I live quite near the station I like to walk there in any weather. My train to town leaves at 8.10. I arrive in town at a quarter to nine. On the way to the office I often meet my colleagues.

My working day starts at 9 sharp. At twelve thirty I have a break for lunch and go to the canteen that is just round the corner. I generally finish my work at six o’clock.

At seven o’clock I am usually at home. We have supper at seven-thirty or eight o‘clock and then we sit and talk, or watch TV. Sometimes friends come to my place and we play chess; sometimes we go to the pictures or the theatre. In summer I like to get out more, so in the evenings I go to the tennis court for a few sets of tennis, or take out my bike for a run in the country. But that is not often. I have a lot of work to do, and usually after supper I read and write until twelve or one o’clock.

Dialogue

Mr. Robinson: What time do you get up as a rule?

Mr. Jackson: Generally about half past seven.

Mr. R: Why so early?

Mr. J: Because I usually catch an early train up to town.

Mr. R: When do you get to the office?

Mr. J: Normally, about nine o’clock.

Mr. R: Do you stay in town all day?

Mr. J: Sometimes I do, and sometimes I don’t.

Mr. R: What do you usually do in the evenings?

Mr. J: We generally stay at home. Once or twice a week we go to the theatre or to the pictures. Occasionally we go to a dance.

Mr. R: Do you like dancing?

Mr. J: Yes, very much. Do you dance?

Mr. R: Not very often. I’m getting too old.

Mr. J: Too old! Nonsense, you don’t look more than fifty.

Mr. R: As a matter of fact, I’m nearly sixty.

Mr. J: Really? You certainly don’t look it.

Mr. R: I’m glad to hear it. Are you doing anything special tonight? If not, what about coming with me to my club?

Mr. J: I’d love to, but today happens to be our wedding anniversary and we are going out to celebrate.

Mr. R: Well, my heartiest congratulations!

Mr. J: Thank you very much. I could come tomorrow if that would suit you.

Mr. R: Yes, excellent. Let’s make it round about ten o’clock.

Mr. J: Very well, thanks.

Exercises