Вставьте to перед инфинитивом там, где это необходимо.

1. He made us (wait) for hours.

2. We must (send) him a telegram.

3. Let’s try (understand) each other.

4. Would you like (come) to a party?

5. Could you (tell) me the time, please?

6. I haven’t got anything (read).

7. You’d better (go) to the doctor.

6. Завершите следующие предложения, употребляя герундий (gerund). Переведете предложения на русский язык.

Образец: This book is worth (read). This book is worth reading.

Эту книгу стоит прочитать.

1. Do you mind (speak) to John and (ask) him to help us?

2. I don’t want to risk (go) without my raincoat.

3. The picture is certainly worth (buy).

4. They left us without (say) a word.

5. Don’t shout like that we must avoid (annoy) our neighbors.

7. Переведите предложения и определите функцию герундия в них (выполняет герундий функцию подлежащего, дополнения, определения, обстоятельства или является частью составного сказуемого).

1. They think of leaving London.

2. Learning history will help us to understand social processes.

3. The children prefer watching TV to reading.

4. Swimming is my favorite sport.

5. He left the room without saying goodbye.

 

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление Participle I или Participle II.

1. The boy went asleep while watching TV. 2. A fish taken out of water cannot live. 3. A word spoken in time may have very important results. 4. The books written by Dickens give us a realistic picture of the 19^th century England. 5. The coat bought a year ago is too small for him now.

 

Замените придаточные предложения причастными оборотами.

Model: When you travel, you meet a lot of interesting people.

When traveling, you meet a lot of interesting people.

1. In this shop you can buy things which are made in different parts of the country. 2. The woman who is speaking now is our secretary. 3. When they were traveling in Central Africa, the explorers met many wild animals. 4. When the book was translated into Russian, it was read with great interest. 5. When the letter was written, it was sent to Moscow.

Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причастия.

1. (Taking, taken) the girl by the hand, she led her across the street. 2. It was not easy to find the (losing, lost) earring. 3. The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high. 4. The book (writing, written) by this scientist is very interesting. 5. She was reading the book (buying, bought) the day before.

 

Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на употребление Participle I или Participle II.

1. Не зная его адреса, мы не могли его навестить. 2. Посещая музей, мы встретили наших друзей. 3. Написав письмо, он отнес его на почту. 4. Получив ссуду, он смог открыть свое дело. 5. В США много банков предлагающих различные финансовые услуги.

 

Вариант IV

 

Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний.

 

1.revenue	a. начальный
2.cash outflows	b. риск, рискованное предприятие
3.start-up	c. эквивалент, чистая стоимость
4.asset	d. сумма, возвращаемая отказавшемуся от страхового полиса
5.venture	e. имущество
6.equity	f. годовой доход
7.mortgage	g. акционер
8.surrender value	h. закладная
9.shareholder	i. посредник
10. intermediary	j. отток наличных средств

Прочитайте и переведите в письменной форме весь текст.

STARTING-UP FINANCING

 

1. The young businessman must find sources of money that will last until revenue begins to exceed cash outflows. He must be creative in finding start-up funding. New small businesses can start with the businessman’s own assets. On top of that, start-up financing may come from friends and relatives. The larger businesses can obtain funds from venture capital investors.

2. One of the personal assets the businessman can use to raise funds for the business is his home. The value of the home that the owner has paid for is called the owner’s equity in the home. By pledging this equity, the homeowner can obtain a second mortgage or a home equity loan.

3. A businessman can find another source of start-up financing by life insurance policy. Many policies build up cash surrender value – the money that the policy holder can borrow at a low interest rate.

4. Those who need more funds can obtain a variable rate installment loan. it is a personal loan with an interest rate tied to the prime rate or some other index. When the index changes, the rate changes in the same direction.

5. Some good sources of start-up funds are family members and friends. Many people can afford to lend at a low interest rate. The lender can share ownership of the business or can become a partner or shareholder in a corporation.

6. In some cases, new companies can obtain cash from venture capital firms. These financial intermediaries specialize in funding ventures with good promise and invest in businesses, which generate high profits within five years. Initially venture capital firms invested in high-tech industries, but now other branches enjoy this kind of financial aid, especially those working in the health-care field. The venture capital firms provide seed money to start a new company, funds to help the venture grow and gain the market and money to buy out a business.

 

3. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1. What can larger businesses obtain start-up funds from?

2. How can a homeowner obtain a second mortgage?

3. What is cash surrender value?

4. What do venture capital firms specialize in?

4. Переведите предложения и определите функцию инфинитива в них (выполняет инфинитив функцию подлежащего, дополнения, определения, обстоятельства или является частью составного сказуемого).

1. He hopes to get the job.

2. He gave me a magazine to read.

3. It is never late to learn.

4. They have to translate this text.

5. Nothing could make him change his decision.

6. It is very difficult to drive a car in a big city.

7. To know the history of any country is useful.

5. Вставьте to перед инфинитивом там, где это необходим о.

1. That dress makes her (look) funny.

2. You can (leave) your dog with us.

3. I don’t want (go) to work.

4. Would you like (play) tennis?

5. Can you (lend) me some money?

6. Why don’t you (go) home?

7. You’d better (tell) the truth.

6. Завершите следующие предложения, употребляя герундий (gerund). Переведете предложения на русский язык.

Образец: This book is worth (read). This book is worth reading.

Эту книгу стоит прочитать.

1. (walk) alone in this part of the city is dangerous.

2. She avoided (express) her opinion in public.

3. It's no use (wait).

4. (write) English is easier than (speak) English.

5. He was busy (work) on the new project.

7. Переведите предложения и определите функцию герундия в них (выполняет герундий функцию подлежащего, дополнения, определения, обстоятельства или является частью составного сказуемого).

1. Smoking is not allowed in this building.

2. He tried to find an excuse for being late.

3. I suggest holding another meeting next week.

4. I don’t understand your way of doing it.

5. Reading English books every day will improve your knowledge of the language.