Present participle and perfect participle (introducing an adverbial phrase)

I. Join the sentences using an -ing clause, as in the example.

eg I was sitting in the park. I was writing a letter. I was sitting in the park writing a letter.

1. The woman was driving along. She was listening to her car radio. 2. I arrived at the examination hall. I was feeling very nervous. 3. He came into the room. He was carrying a suitcase.

4. They were walking down the street. They were holding hands.

5. She was sitting in an armchair. She was reading a book. 6. Jill was lying on the bed. She was crying. 7.1 got home. I was feeling very tired. 8. The old man was walking along the street. He was talking to himself.

II. In these sentences one thing happens during another.

eg Jim was playing tennis. He hurt his arm. Jim hurt his arm playing tennis.

1. Ann was watching television. She fell asleep. 2. The man slipped. He was getting off the bus. 3. The boy was crossing the road. He was knocked over. 4. He fell off a ladder. He was changing a light bulb. 5. Dick burnt himself. He was cooking his dinner. 6. He broke a cup. He was doing the washing-up. 7. He ran out of petrol. He was driving to work. 8. She lost her keys. She was getting out of her car.

III. This time make sentences beginning Having...

eg We finished our work. We went home. Having finished our work, we went home.

1. We bought our tickets. Then we went into the theatre. 2. They had dinner. Then they continued on their journey. 3. She did all her shopping. Then she went for a cup of coffee. 4. I finished the washing up, then I sat down and watched TV. 5. He typed the letters, then he put them all in envelopes. 6. I did all the housework, then I went out for a walk. 7. He got out of bed, then he had a shower. 8. She locked all the doors, then she went to bed.

IV. Rephrase the sentences using an -ing clause, as in the examples.

eg Because she didn't want to miss the train, she ran all the way to the station.

Not wanting to miss the train, she ran all the way to the station, eg Because I had just eaten, I wasn't hungry. Having just eaten, I wasn't hungry.

1. Because she is a little deaf, she wears hearing-aid. 2. Because I don't like classical music, I didn't go to the concert. 3. Because she is rich, she can afford expensive holidays. 4. Because I had finished the book, I decided to take it back to the library. 5. Because they had gone to bed so late the night before, they felt quite tired the next day. 6. Because he had failed the exam the first time, he decided to take it again. 7. Because I didn't know his address, I couldn't contact him.

V. A reporter has made some notes about afire on a passenger aircraft. Combine eachpair of sentences. Use the -ed form, -ing form or perfect-ing form.

eg The plane was delayed by technical problems. It took off one

hour late.

Delayed by technical problems, the plane took off one

hour late, eg The passengers saw smoke. They became alarmed.

Seeing smoke, the passengers became alarmed, eg The pilot had travelled only a short distance from Heath­row. He decided to turn back.

Having travelled only a short distance from Heathrow, the

pilot decided to turn back.

1. The airport fire service was warned by air traffic control. It prepared to fight a fire. 2. The passengers believed the aircraft was going to crash. Some of them shouted in panic. 3. The pilot brought the plane down safely. Then he felt very relieved. 4. Eve­ryone was worried by the risk of fire. They hurried to get out. 5. The firemen used chemicals. They soon put out the fire. 6. Most of the passengers had had enough excitement for one day. They put off their journey.

VI. Complete the story in the Mudford Gazette about a girl who paints pictures. Put each verb in brackets into the -ing form or -ed form.

13-year-old Annabel Waites of Mudford has won first prize in a national art competition. Her (win) picture is a painting of Mudford Hill.

I talked to Annabel at her home in Embury Road. At the moment she has a (break) arm, which she got (play) netball. Fortunately it's her left arm, so she can still paint. Annabel usually listens to music while (paint). And she always paints (stand) up because she feels more comfortable that way. "I often feel very tired after (finish) a picture," she told me. "It takes a lot out of me."

Annabel was working on a half-(fmish) picture of horses in a field. And on the wall was a beautifully (draw) portrait of her dog Beezer. (Be) an animal lover, Annabel often paints pictures of animals. On another wall I noticed a picture of a lawn (cover) with (fall) leaves. (Encourage) by her success, Annabel hopes to make painting her career, although she knows it will not be easy. But (help) by her art teacher, Mrs Emma Goodenough of Portway School, she has developed an individual style.

Annabel has many other hobbies, and she often goes (skate) with her friends.

VII. Join each of the following pairs of sentences, using either a present participle eg knowing, a past participle eg known, or a perfect participle eg having known.

— He got off his horse. He began searching for something on the ground.

Getting off his horse, he began searching...

— I had seen photographs of the place. I had no desire to go there.

Having seen photographs of the place, I had no desire... — The speaker refused to continue. He was infuriated by the interruptions. Infuriated by the interruptions, the speaker refused...

1. I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare. 2. We barricaded the windows. We assembled in the hall. 3. She became tired of my complaints about the programme. She turned it off. 4. He found no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper. 5. She hoped to find the will. She searched everywhere. 6. He realized that he had missed the last train. He began to walk. 7. He was exhausted by his work. He threw himself on his bed. 8. He had spent all his money. He decided to go home and ask his father for a job. 9. He escaped from prison. He looked for a place where he could get food. 10. She didn't want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before. 11. She entered the room. She found them smoking. 12.1 turned on the light. I was astonished at what I saw.

13. We visited the museum. We decided to have lunch in the park.

14. He offered to show us the way home. He thought we were lost.

15. She asked me to help her. She realized that she couldn't move it alone. 16. He fed the dog. He sat down to his own dinner. 17.1 have looked through the fashion magazines. I realize that my clothes are hopelessly out of date. 18. We were soaked to the skin. We eventually reached the station. 19. One day you will be sitting by the fire. You will remember this day. 20. I didn't like to sit down. I knew there were ants in the grass. 21. She believed that she could trust him absolutely. She gave him a blank cheque. 22.1 had heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn't like to go any further without a light.

I. Respond to the following using spend + time + -ing.

eg A: Do you ever work in the garden?

B: Yes. I spent all yesterday afternoon working in thegar-den.

Do you ever...

1. tidy up?

2. wash the coffee cups?

3. remove the empty bottles?

4. sweep up the broken glass?

5. empty the ashtrays?

6. clean your flat?

7. beat the carpets?

8. make the beds?

9. replace the broken bulbs?

10. apologize to the landlord?

11. tune the piano?

12. shake the mats?

13. take the dog for a walk?

14. pay your bills?

15. type?

16. write letters?

II. Complete the following.

eg We had a lot of fun... games at the picnic. We had a lot of fun playing games at the picnic.

1.1 have trouble... Mrs Maxwell when she speaks. She talks too fast. 2.1 spent five hours... my homework last night. 3. Martha is standing at the corner... for the bus. 4. Michael is sitting in class... notes. 5. Mrs Anderson is a commuter. Every work day, she spends almost two hours... to and from work. 6. It was a beautiful spring day. Dorothy was lying under a tree... to the birds sing. 7. We wasted our money... to that movie. It was very boring. 8. Joe spent all day... ready to leave on vacation. 9. Ted is an indecisive person. He has a hard time... up his mind about anything. 10. I wondered what the children were doing while I was gone. When I got home, I found them... TV. 11. When Mr Brown walked into the kitchen, he caught the children... some

candy even though he'd told them not to spoil their dinners. 12. A: My friend is going to Germany next month, but he doesn't speak German. What do you suppose he will have difficulty...? B: Well, he might have trouble... 13. A: Did you enjoy your trip to New York City? B: Very much. We had a good time... 14. A: This is your first semester at this school. Have you had any problems? B: Not really, but sometimes I have a hard time... 15. A: What did you do yesterday? B: I spent almost all day...

III. Make sentences from the given combinations.

eg have a difficult time + understand

I have a difficult time understanding the teacher's explana­tions in calculus.

1. have trouble + remember 2. stand (place) + wait 3. have a hard time + learn 4. sit (place) + think 5. have a good time + play 6. lie (place) + dream 7. have difficulty + find 8. have fun + sing and dance 9. find (someone) + study 10. spend (time) + chat 11. waste (money) + try 12. catch (someone) + take