Read the text and say how students’ life is organized at British Universities.

 

to be concerned – зд. заботиться

to rest in the hands – находиться в руках

decision-making – принятие решений

overseeing – зд. наблюдение

fresher – первокурсник

the abovementioned – вышеупомянутый

 

British Universities and colleges have Students’ Unions which are concerned with students’ life and studies. Unions have their Presidents; their role is basically to represent the interests of the students. Almost all power rests in the hands of the whole membership as expressed at General Meetings. For practical purposes the decision-making is delegated to Union Council.

Each Union Council has sub-committees each of which has the job of overseeing a small area of the Union’s work. For example the Union Council of the University of Leeds has the Cultural Affairs Committee, Executive Committee, Fresher’s Committee, General Athletics Committee, House Committee, Women’s Affairs Committee, etc. They help to settle various students’ problems in the academic year – with grants, accommodation, rents. They are also responsible for the coordination and organization of extra-curricular activities. If at any time a student needs advice, members of the Union Council will be glad to be of assistance. All these committees are open – any student may take part in the election to them.

There are numerous societies working with university and college Unions covering a wide range of interests and activities. The above mentioned Leeds University Union has 150 Societies of the following categories: political, religious, national, cultural, recreational. There is Agricultural Society, Archeology, Arts, Ballet, and Biological, Law, Music, Vegetarian and other societies among them.

Smoking

 

Conversation Questions. Discuss them in pairs.

 

· Do you smoke? If you smoke, how much do you smoke a day? When did you start doing it? Why did you start?

· What are the reasons for smoking?

· What are the disadvantages of smoking, in your opinion?

· What are some health problems that smoking can cause?

· Can people smoke anywhere in your country?

o Are there any restrictions?

o Do you know what the laws are here about smoking in public places?

· Where can people smoke in your university?

o What happens to students who smoke at your university?

o Do you think students should be allowed to smoke at university?

· Is it easy to quit smoking?

o What is the best way to quit?

o Have you, your family or friends ever tried to quit smoking?

o Do you know anyone who has successfully quit smoking? How did they do it?

 

Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.

Try to Give Up Smoking

 

If you've ever watched an adult try to give up smoking, you know how hard it can be. It's easier, healthier and cheaper never to start.

 

So you've decided not to be a smoker. That's great! You'll live longer, breathe fresher air and save yourself a bunchof money. Some young people think that it can make them look grown-up and cool. They may think it's a way of joining the crowd. Most young people smoke because their friends pressure them to do so. They may be copying their parents who smoke, or other adults they respect. At one time this would have been accepted as normal. But in the past 30 years attitudes about smoking have changed. Smoking is now banned in many places so that other people don't have to breathe in smokers' shocking tobacco smoke.

Passive smoking, when you are breathing someone else's smoke, can damage your health just like smoking can. Smoking becomes addictivevery quickly, and it's one of the hardest habits to break.

Take 1000 young people who smoke 20 cigarettes a day. A quarter of them will die from a disease caused by smoking. That's 250 lives wasted! Only six of those 1000 teenagers will die in road accidents. So what is it in cigarette smoke that is harmful? A chemical called nicotine is a substancethat causes addiction. It is a stimulantthat increases the pulse rate and a rise in the blood pressure. Cigarette smoke also contains tar – a major factor for causing cancer.

Chronic bronchitis occurs when tar and mucusdamage the air sacksin the lungs. The sufferer has a bad cough which is worse in the mornings, and may get breathless easily.

Emphysema is an illness in which the air sacks in the lungs become over-inflated as they lose their elasticity and are no longer able to push out all the carbone dioxidegas in the lungs. This makes the sufferer feel unwell, tight in the chest and always short of breath.

Gases in cigarette smoke increase your blood pressure and pulse rate. This can contribute to heart disease. Smokers as twice as non-smokers are likely to have heart trouble.

Smokeless tobacco that is chewed rather than smoked is also harmful, causing mouth sores, damage to teeth and cancer.

If you already smoke, decide to stop it, and stop today – even if you are halfway through a pack. Of course, this will be difficult, but your doctor can help you to quitsmoking, and stay smoke-free. You are in control of your own life and can do what you want today.

 

Facts about smoking

• The smell of smoke on your breath and clothes will put people off.

• Someone who smokes 15 cigarettes a day can forget six to nine years of their life.

• You’re burning a great deal of money. In many countries cigarettes are heavily taxed.

• Your skin will wrinkle faster and deeper than that of a non-smoker.

• Females who smoke heavily may wrinkle like a woman 20 years older in age.

• Pregnant women who smoke run a risk of damage to their unborn babies, as it makes them smaller.

 

Answer the questions.

 

1. Smoking is started to copy one’s friends or the sort, isn’t it?

2. Is passive smoking as harmful as actual having a cigarette?

3. What is in cigarette smoke that is harmful?

4. Do you know any diseases caused by smoking and how they run?

5. Is chewing tobacco an alternative to this bad habit?

6. What facts about smoking do you know?

7. Do you know any effective way to quit smoking?

8. Does smoking bite your personal budget?