F Eco Beach Broome, Western Australia

 

For this luxury experience, you can take a helicopter to its ocean-front location, sail across Roebuck Bay, or take a leisurely drive from Broome. At the resort, you сan enjoy spa treatments, yoga and turtle-spotting tours, then retreat to your chic tent overlooking the Indian Ocean. Many visitors enjoy walking throughout the traditional land of the Yawuru people. Their connection to this land spans thousands of years and you can feel their presence. The culture and traditions of the Yawuru people are still carried on today and visitors are asked to respect the land and the environment.

 

USE OF ENGLISH

PART I

Exercise 1. For questions 1-15, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example:

0 A remember B remind C memorise D recognize

 

WHAT MAKES SOMEONE INTELLIGENT?

Some people claim that only humans are truly intelligent. But what about animals - are they intelligent too? They can certainly learn and (0)… However, many of their actions are instinctive, even (1)….. they may look intentional. Generally, animals cannot (2)..... one crucial test of self awareness - they are unable to identify themselves in a mirror.

In fact, we're not really sure exactly what intelligence is or how to measure it. In the competitive (3)….. market, IQ scores and formal (4)….. are used in the selection of employees, although many successful people did not actually (5)….. very well at school.

So how are education, intelligence and success (6)…..? It is generally agreed that intelligence is all about the ability to learn, (7)….. problems and be successful in life. But is there more (8)….. it than that? What about the (9)….. of emotions?

Successful people often show a (10)..... level of 'emotional intelligence'. This is described (11)….. selfawareness - they can understand their feelings, organise and (12)….. them. And above (13)….., this understanding means that they can motivate themselves, which seems to be the (14)….. to success.

So is there any (15)….. in teaching emotional intelligence in schools? It would seem that there is - if only we knew how.

1. A. since	B. though	C. but	D. that
2. A. get	B. succeed	C. win	D. pass
3. A. occupation	B. work	C. job	D. business
4. A. certificates	B. abilities	C. qualifications	D. talents
5. A. make	B. do	C. get	D. go
6. A. connected	B. joined	C. united	D. tied
7. A. answer	B. decide	C. open	D. solve
8. A. for	B. to	C. at	D. with
9. A. role	B. part	C. situation	D. work
10. A. big	B. high	C. tall	D. huge
11. A. on	B. by	C. for	D. as
12. A. manage	B. deal	C. administer	D. command
13. A. all	B. each	C. every	D. whole
14. A. lock	B. handle	C. key	D. door
15. A. reason	B. worth	C. use	D. point

Exercise 2. For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Eхample: 0 A. struggle B. combat C. threaten D. contest

Answer: B

Why people laugh

Sunday May 4^th will be World Laughter Day. Dr Madan Kataria, who introduced this annual event, says we need more laughter in our lives to (0) … the global rise of stress and loneliness. But surely that strange sound that we make periodically can't be the (1) … to such problems. If an alien were to land on our planet and (2) … a stroll among a crowd of earthlings, it would hear a lot of 'ha-ha' noises. It might wonder what (3) … this strange habit served. If we ask ourselves what (4) … a good laugh, the obvious answer is that it is a response to something funny. But one scientist, Robert Provine, says humour has surprisingly little to (5) … with that. Instead, it lies at the (6) … of such issues as the perception of self and the evolution of language and social behaviour. Provine realised that you cannot capture (7) … laughter in the lab because as soon as you (8) … it under scrutiny, it vanishes. So, instead, he gathered data by hanging around groups of people, noting when they laughed. He collected 1,200 laugh episodes - an episode being (9) … as the comment immediately preceding the laughter and the laughter itself. His analysis of this data (10) … some important facts about laughter. "It's a message we send to other people - it (11) … disappears when we're by ourselves," he says. "And it's not a choice. Ask someone to laugh and they'll either try to (12) … a laugh or say they can't do it on command."

 

1. A. way	B. answer	C. end	D. response
2. A. make	B. get	C. walk	D. take
3. A. reason	B. purpose	C. idea	D. meaning
4. A. results	B. leads	C. prompts	D. concludes
5. A. go	B. bring	C. do	D. set
6. A. root	B. stem	C. head	D. back
7. A. complete	B. authentic	C. contemporary	D. current
8. A. place	B. lay	C. stand	D. keep
9. A. defended	B. decided	C. defined	D. depicted
10. A. revealed	B. investigated	C. displayed	D. declared
11. A. absolutely	B. constantly	C. undoubtedly	D. virtually
12. A. offer	B. pretend	C. fake	D. imagine

 

Exercise 3. For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example: 0 A. bring B. work C. run D. keep

Answer: D

The value of walking

New research reveals that walking just 9.5 kilometers (six miles) a week may (0) … your brain sharper as you get older.

Research published in the October 13 online issue of Neurology (1) … that walking may protect aging brains from growing smaller and, in (2)... preserve memory in old age.

'Brain size shrinks in late adulthood, which can (3) … memory problems,' study author Kirk Erickson of the University of Pittsburgh said in a news release. 'Our findings should encourage further well-designed scientific (4) … of physical exercise in older adults as a very (5)……approach for preventing dementia and Alzheimer's disease.' For the study, the team asked 299 dementia-free seniors to record the (6)… they walked each week.

Four years later, the participants were tested to see if they had developed (7) … of dementia. Then after nine years had passed, scientists (8) … the participants' brains to measure size. At the four-year test, researchers discovered subjects who walked the most had (9) … their risk of developing memory problems by 50 per cent. At the nine-year checkpoint, those who walked at least 9.5 kilometers a week, had brains with a larger (10)….than those who didn't walk as much.

This is not the first study to (11) … the benefits of walking in seniors. For example, last spring, Harvard University found that women who walked regularly at a (12) …. pace had an almost 40 per cent lower risk to stroke.

1.	A.informs	B.	provides	C.	suggests	D.	notifies
2.	A. result	B.	turn	C.	sequence	D.	case
3.	A. account	B.	lead	C.	set	D.	cause
4.	A. trials	B.	attempts	C.	searches	D.	courses
5.	A. indicative	B.	promising	C.	fortunate	D.	ideal
6.	A. distance	B.	length	C.	duration	D.	extent
7.	A. signals	B.	factors	C.	signs	D.	features
8.	A. skimmed	B.	scanned	C.	screened	D.	sounded
9.	A.depressed	B.	declined	C.	reduced	D.	dropped
10.	A. volume	B.	amount	C.	dimension	D.	quantity
11.	A. advertise	B.	promote	C.	respect	D.	admire
12.	A. brisk	B.	hard	C.	crisp	D.	brief

 

Exercise 4. For questions 1-15, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example: 0. A said B spoken C talked D explained

FASHION HURTS

Wearing fashionable clothes can be bad for you! This may surprise you, but it is (0) said that some clothes can cause a (1)…of problems. Do you find this (2)…to believe? Well, researchers have discovered that following the latest fashion (3)… can be unhealthy. For example, if you (4)… a scarf or tie too tightly it increases your blood pressure. Tight jeans and trousers, short skirts and even sensible (5)…shoes may all cause (6)…

Experts say that things we wear can also (7)..... to stomach problems, rashes, backache and painful feet. Yet how can we explain this? Very tight clothes can (8)…people moving naturally, and this is not good for you. If you wear trousers or skirts that are too tight around the waist, then your stomach does not have (9)…to expand after you have eaten, and this can cause stomachache. Rashes can be caused by an allergic (10)…to synthetic material. And last, but not (11)…- wearing shoes with high (12)…can lead to foot and back problems. Even practical shoes can cause backache if they don't (13)…you properly.

So is it worth being at the (14)…of fashion? I think that we will all continue to (15)…that risk!

1. A. variety	B.	group	C.	bundle	D.	collection
2. A. puzzling	B.	complicated	C.	complex	D.	difficult
3. A. directions	B.	trends	C.	changes	D.	cultures
4. A. fasten	B.	fix	C.	tie	D.	install
5. A. flat	B.	level	C.	smooth	D.	even
6. A. complaints	B.	conditions	C.	illnesses	D.	sickness
7. A. move	B.	lead	C.	go	D.	grow
8. A. prevent	B.	avoid	C.	block	D.	check
9. A. extent	B.	area	C.	place	D.	room
10. A. reply	B.	response	C.	reaction	D.	return
11. A. final	B.	least	C.	end	D.	terminal
12. A. heels	B.	toes	C.	soles	D.	laces
13. A. shape	B.	match	C.	suit	D.	fit
14. A. top	B.	height	C.	peak	D.	summit
15. A. have	B.	get	C.	take	D.	catch

Exercise 5. Read the following article about the environmental group Greenpeace and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example:

0 A protect B care C look D tend

Answer: A

GREENPEACE

Greenpeace is an independent organisation that campaigns to (0)… the environment. It has approximately 4.5 million Members worldwide in 158 countries, 300,000 of these in the United Kingdom. (1) … in North America in 1971, it has since opened offices round the world. As (2) … as its campaigning (3)…, it also has a charitable trust which (4) … scientific research and (5)... educational projects on environmental issues. Greenpeace (6)… in non-violent direct action. Activists (7) … public attention to serious threats environment. (8) … issues on which the organisation is campaigning include the atmosphere (global warming), the (9)…of the rainforests and toxic (10) … being emitted from factories. Greenpeace is committed to the principles of political independence and internationalism.

By exposing (11) … to the environment and in working to (12) … solutions, Greenpeace has no permanent allies or enemies.

1. A. built	B.formed	C.invented	D. produced
2. A. long	B. far	C.good	D. well
3. A. work	B.job	C.occupation	D.position
4. A. pays	B. funds	C.reward	D.earns
5. A. undertakes	B.engages	C.commits	D.enters
6. A. accepts	B. depends	C.holds	D.believes
7. A. draw	B. pay	C.get	D.take
8. A. instant	B. current	C.immediate	D.next
9. A. ruin	B. extinction	C.destruction	D.downfall
10. A. waste	B. litter	C. rubbish	D. leftovers
11. A.warnings	B. threats	C. promises	D. difficulties
12.A.find	B. make	C. set	D.sort

PART II

Exercise 1. For questions 1-13, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

EXAMPLE: 0 of

The flu pandemic of 1918-19

The influenza pandemic of 1918-19 killed millions (0) of people at the end of World War One. As (1)….. as 40 million people are believed to have died and more or less (2)….. part of the world was affected. As might be expected, a (3)….. number of the victims were soldiers. In fact, in some parts of the war zone, (4)….. many soldiers died of influenza as died in the fighting. In the US army at home and abroad ten (5)….. as many soldiers died of influenza. Unusually, in the civilian population there were relatively (6)….. victims among the young and elderly, the usual victims of influenza. Instead, most of the (7)….. millions who died were the strongest members of the population, between the ages of 20 and 40. Doctors at the time had (8)….. little idea of how to treat the disease and it spread rapidly as the war ended and (9)….. numbers of people returned home. At the time, (10)….. of people believed that the epidemic was caused by biological warfare. However there is (11)….. evidence to support this suspicion. Scientists now believe that a pandemic occurs (12)….. time the influenza virus changes its genetic composition. This pandemic is sometimes known as the Spanish Flu because it was believed to have caused as many (13)….. 8 million deaths in Spain in 1918. However the outbreak is now believed to have originated in China.

Exercise 2. For questions 1-10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

EXAMPLE: 0 many

Salt consumption and health

Health experts believe that (0)… many people are consuming far too (1)…..salt, and that this is a health risk. There are plenty (2)….. studies which show that increased salt consumption raises blood pressure and can cause heart problems, and the recommendation is that we should all be consuming (3) ….. salt. Even if we add (4)….. any salt to our food at the table, we may be consuming a (5)….. of salt without realizing. The daily recommended amount is 6 grams, but many people are consuming twice as much (6)….. this and the average daily consumption in the UK is over 9 g per day. Bread, biscuits, ketchup and ready made meals all contain (7)…. a lot of salt, so each time we eat a slice of bread, for example, we are adding to our daily intake. So what is the solution? We all need to be more aware of (8)….. much salt we are consuming, and try to limit our intake. Governments are encouraging food manufacturers to cut down on the (9)….. of salt they put into food, and every food product should state clearly on the wrapper how (10)….. salt it contains.

Exercise 3. For questions 1-9, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

EXAMPLE: 0 unless

Environmental issues

Everyone agrees that (0) unless the world's tiger population is protected, tigers (1)…..eventually become extinct. If it (2)..…not for the efforts made by international campaigns over past decades, the extinction (3)..…already have become a fact. Tigers can coexist with human beings, (4)..…local people are involved in conservation. However, (5)…..if tiger habitats are redeveloped there is no guarantee of success. Government agencies must be involved, and there must be adequate finance: (6)..…conservation projects are neglected. An organized programme with safeguards must be introduced. If (7)….. the illegal hunters quickly move back in. (8)…..there were no tigers left in the world: how (9)…..we all feel? According to some environmentalists, that day may be coming sooner rather than later.

Exercise 4. For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

EXAMPLE: 0 one

Kangaroos

The kangaroo is (0) … of Australia's most iconic animals. Kangaroos of different types live in all areas of Australia, (1) … cold-climate areas and desert plains to tropical rainforests and beaches.

Kangaroos are herbivorous, eating a range of plants and, (2) … some cases, fungi. Different kangaroo species inhabit different habitats. Some, for example, make nests on the ground while tree-kangaroos live (3) … the ground. Larger species of kangaroo tend (4) … shelter under trees or in caves. Most kangaroos are distinguished from (5) … animals by the way they hop on their strong back legs. A kangaroo's tail is used to balance while hopping and (6) … a fifth limb when moving slowly. All female kangaroos have front-opening pouches that contain four teats. (7) … is in here that the 'joey' (8) … baby kangaroo is raised (9) … it can survive outside the pouch. Most kangaroos have no set breeding cycle and are able to breed all year round. (10) … they are such prolific breeders, a kangaroo population can increase fourfold in five years.

Kangaroos have long been important to the survival of Australia's indigenous people, (11) … have hunted them for tens of thousands of years, using both the meat and the skins. (12) … Europeans arrived in Australia in the late eighteenth century, they too hunted kangaroos (13) … survival. Kangaroos continue to be used as a resource, but only under strict government controls. Nowadays only the four most abundant species of kangaroo may (14) … commercially harvested for export, and then only by licensed hunters in accordance (15) … an approved management plan.

Exercise 5. For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

EXAMPLE: 0 out

Flamingos

Flamingos, those beautiful long-legged pink birds, rub the reddish pigments, released in oil from a gland near their tail, into their feathers to bring (0) … their vibrant colour. The result, according to researchers studying the birds in Spain, (1) … that the birds seem to become far (2) … likely to find themselves a mate.

Scientists Noticed that, (3) … they were arranging their feathers, many flamingos scraped their cheeks across the gland before rubbing their face against their breast, back and neck (4) … the aim of spreading the colour.

In a journal article, the experts explained that (5) … so helped the birds appear extra attractive to potential mates - not so (6) … because of their eye-catching colour, but because other flamingos could tell they had (7) … an effort with their appearance.

One of the researchers says: 'The rubbing is time-consuming. And (8) … more frequently the birds practise it, the pinker they become.

'If the birds stop rubbing, their colour fades in a (9) … days because the pigments bleach quickly in the sunlight.'

Rubbing the pigment into the feathers takes time and effort, and, (1 0) … a result, colourful feathers are a sign to the opposite sex that a flamingo is healthy and well-fed, because it (11) … afford to spend time on (12) … it looks.

The behaviour is more common in female flamingos (13) … in males, the researchers said.

They added that the brightest coloured birds also took the best breeding sites, (14) … gives them a reproductive advantage (15) … their paler rivals.

 

Part III

Exercise 1. For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example: 0 exceptional

Genius

We all know stories about people with (0) …memories who have the (1) … to remember hundreds of numbers after hearing them only once. Now experts are saying that such feats can be taught. For example, most people can (2) …about nine numbers if they are read out one a second. In one experiment, ten hours' training (3)... only a small (4)...,but the results after practising for a thousand hours were (5) …some people remembered 80 or even 100 numbers. Similarly, most adults can (6) …only about five out of a set of 21 colours that are only (7) …different. But after 80 training hours one person could recognise 18 of them. Studies of 76 major (8) …show that it took at least ten years of (9) … training before any of them wrote a major work. Psychologists are therefore raising the (10) … that genius is the product of teaching.

0 - EXCEPTION 1 - ABLE 2 -REPETITION 3 - PRODUCT 4 - IMPROVE 5 - AMAZE 6 - IDENTITY 7 - SLIGHT 8 - COMPOSE 9 -MUSIC 10 - POSSIBLE

Exercise 2. For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example: 0 usually

An unusual park

Parks in large cities are (0) …thought of as refuges, as islands of green in seas of concrete. Yet the High Line Park in the (1) … of Chelsea in New York looks on first (2) … like something that urban parks were created to get away from. It's an (3) …steel structure supporting an (4) … rail line that once brought freight cars right into the city's factories. Now the structure has been turned into an (5) …and inviting public park. Walking on the High Line is (6) … any other experience in the city. You can sit surrounded by (7)... tended plants taking (8) … from the views, or you can walk the line as it slices between old buildings and past (9) … new ones. I have walked the High Line dozens of times, and the (10) … thing is that its vantage point, different from that of any ordinary street, or park, never ceases to surprise and delight.

0 - USUAL 1 - NEIGHBOUR 2 - SEE 3 - ATTRACT 4 - ELEVATE 5 - INNOVATE 6 - LIKE 7 – CARE, 8 - ENJOY 9 - STRIKE 10 - REMARK

Exercise 3. For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example: 0 extremely

THE IMPORTANCE OF PETS

Having friends is (0) … important, and most people spend a lot of time with them. But is there another important type of (1) … that they may be missing out on? Would having a pet be just as good? There is some (2) … to support this interesting (3) ….It is well-known that dogs can form strong bonds with people, and can show signs of (4) … if their owner suddenly leaves (5) …. In the same way, some people feel as close to their pets as to their human friends, gaining (6) … and comfort from their animals. It seems that the (7) … between animals and people goes deeper than might be expected. Studies into the (8) …of gorillas show that these creatures have (9)… relationships that are not so different from our own. So although a pet may never (10) … replace a friend, there is clearly a place for both.

0 - EXTREME 1 - FRIEND 2 - EVIDENT 3 - SUGGEST 4 - HAPPY 5 - EXPECTED 6 STRONG 7 - CONNECT 8 - BEHAVE 9 – EMOTION 10 - COMPLETE

Exercise 4. For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example: 0 presence