Act out conversations making use of the words from the focus vocabulary.

FINE ARTS

Fine Arts

Focus Vocabulary

Paintings. Genres

oil painting

canvas

water-colour

pastel picture

engraving

fresco painting

sketch/study

family group

ceremonial/self-portrait

full-length/half-length/shoulder-length portrait

landscape

seascape

genre painting

still life

battle piece

masterpiece

 

Composition and Drawing

 

 

in the foreground

in the background

at the top/bottom

in the left/right-hand corner

place the figures against the landscape background

 

 

Colouring. Light and Shade

subtle/brilliant/restful/soft /delicate/harmonious colours

gaudy/agitated/dull/oppressive /harsh colours

warm/cool colours

 

 

Impression. Judgment

moving/lyrical/romantic/original/poetic painting

exquisite/cheap/vulgar piece of painting

unsurpassed masterpiece

 

Act out conversations making use of the words from the focus vocabulary.

1.

– I’d like to draw your attention to this still-life

• water-colour picture

• sculpture

• drawing

• portrait

 

– Oh, it’s wonderful!

• impressive

• too lovely for words!

 

2.

– Who painted this picture?

• seascape

• landscape

• pastel picture

 

– It belongs to the brush of a famous English painter.

• an unknown Dutch portrait painter

• a world-known landscapist

• French animal painter

 

3.

– I can’t make out what’s depicted in the foreground.

• in the middleground

• in the background

• in the distance

- It’s obviously a horseman.

· a rock

· a sail

· a haystack

4.

– What colours does this painter prefer!

• tones

• shades

 

– He executes his pictures mostly in bright colours.

• dark tones

• warm shades

 

5.

– What does this artist generally depict in his pictures?

• canvases

• works

 

– Different things. In this one for example he depicts a genre scene.

• a busy street

• an oriental market

• an evening in autumn

• the stormy sea

• a caravan in the desert

 

 

Word Formation

I. Translate the sentences. Keep in mind that the underlined words belong to different parts of speech.

 

1. The painter has used bright colour to make the landscape more picturesque.

 

Since I have no colour film, the photos are black-and-white.

 

2. This kind of art became known through the canvas of the American artist Andy Warhol.

 

A canvas cloth on the table made the room cosy.

 

3. Most oil wells are situated in the North Sea.

 

Many artists begin their career with drawing and then turn to painting with oil.

 

4. The museum features one of the world’s largest collections of fine and applied arts.

 

He prefers feature films to news reels.

 

II. Complete the chart

Verb	Noun	Adjective	Past Participle
combine
	specialist
	myth
		harmonious
			arranged
paint
	history
	emotion
	lyre
move
oppress
agitate

 

    Word Meaning

 

I. Match the following words with their definitions:

 

1. fresco     2. sketch   3. canvas     4. illustration     5. in the background   6. collage   7. masterpiece     8. portrait     9. the foreground     10. still life

a) a painting done with oil paints or a piece of cloth it is painted on   b) a painting made on a wall by using watercolour paint on a surface of wet plaster   c) a simple quickly-made drawing that does not show much detail   d) a picture of an arrangement of objects, especially flowers and fruit   e) a painting, drawing of a person   f) a work of art that is of a very high quality or that is the best that a particular artist has produced   g) behind the main thing that you’re looking at   h) the nearest part of a scene in the picture   i) a picture to go with the words of a book   j) a picture made by an unusual combination of bits of paper, cloth, metal, etc.

 

 

II. What do they call:

1. a picture painted with oil paints.

2. a picture painted with watercolours.

3. a picture drawn with pastels (coloured sticks for drawing pictures which are made of a substance like chalk).

4. a picture printed from an engraved metal plate.

5. a picture showing an area of countryside or land.

6. a picture or painting of the sea.

 

The Craft of the Painters

Focus Vocabulary

 

fashionable/self-taught/mature artist

portrait/landscape/animal painter

paint from nature/memory

paint mythological/historical subjects

specialize in portraiture/still life

portray people/emotions

depict a person/a scene of common life/the mood of

render/interpret the personality of

reveal the person’s nature

develop one’s own style of painting

become famous overnight

die forgotten and penniless

 

Word Use

I. Choose the right word:

 

draw/paint

 

1. She placed the paper and pencil before me and told me I could … anything I liked. 2. The picture was… so that the eyes seem to follow you no matter where you are.

 

colours/paints

 

1. If you want cornflower be blue you’d better mix these two ….

2. The warm … are red, yellow and orange.

 

picture/portray/represent

 

1. Roerich’s paintings for the Kazan railway station in Moscow … combats between Russians and Tatars.

2. I could hardly … Charlie in this role.

3. The great tragic actress is … in her day dress.

4. The artist was concerned more with re-creating the radiance of Venice than with … the solid structure of its monuments.

 

II.Choose the proper words to complete the sentences:

1. “Lady Elizabeth Delme and Her Children” by Reynolds is a typical (still life / family group) painting.

2. The painting is an (exquisite / exclusive) full-length portrait.

3. The boy’s figure stands out against the (ground / background) of a river-bank.

4. This painter raised British (pictorial / picturesque) art to a high level of importance.

5. (Ceremonial / parade) portraits of representatives of the ruling classes became the most popular form of painting.

6. The painter managed to create a true (impression / sensation) of the sitter.

7. Every painter should make his (draughts / sketches) direct from nature.

8. The prevailing (tones / shades) are red, golden and brown.

9. All the objects in pictures are depicted so vividly, so life-like, that it is almost impossible to notice the painter’s (technology / technique).

 

 

III. Choose the right word:

1) A sculpture by Rodin fetched more than $2 million at the … last month.

a. auction    b. gallery      c. museum       d. sale

 

2) They thought the painting was genuine but it turned out to be a …

a. facsimile      b. imitation     c. replica         d. reproduction

 

3) The self-portrait did not come to … until after the artist’s death.

a. light            b. range           c. sight            d. view

 

4) He is sometimes considered to be an outstanding artist, but I consider his work to be quite …

a. common      b. intermediate c. mediocre     d. moderate

 

5) The paintings are hung in heavy gold …

a. easels          b. frames         c. fringes         d. rims

 

6) The beautiful portrait is … to Rubens.

a. assigned      b. attached      c. attributed              d. prescribed

 

7) He earns his living by … works of art.

a. recovering   b. renewing     c. restoring      d. reviving

 

 

 

 

IV. Give English equivalents of the following words:

 

портретист, пейзажист, морской пейзаж, автопортрет, историческое полотно, натюрморт, писать с натуры, писать на мифологические сюжеты, изображать сцену повседневной жизни, показывать природу человека, располагать фигуры на фоне пейзажа, непревзойденный шедевр, стать известным за одну ночь, умереть забытым и без гроша, развить свой собственный стиль письма.

 

Skill Developing

Text “English Painting”.

 

 Read the text and do the exercises:

Painting in England in the 17^th-19^th centuries is represented by a number of great artists and during that period it was greatly influenced by foreign painters. The Flemish painter Van Dyck was really the father of English portrait school. The English king personally invited Van Dyck to London and during his first year in England the painter spent most of his time painting the King and the Queen. Van Dyck created the impressive, formal type of portrait and such masters as Reynolds and Gainsborough owed much to their study of his works. He created a genre of aristocratic and intellectual portrait which influenced much the development of English painting. Van Dyck created the type of portrait which helped him to convey the sitter’s individual psychology.

    During the 18^th century the truly national school of painting was created. William Hogarth was the first great English painter who raised British pictorial art to a high level of importance. Hogarth (1697-1764) wasn’t a success as a portrait painter. But his pictures of social life which he called “modern moral subjects” brought him fame and position. Among his favourite works are six pictures united under the title “Marriage a la Mode”. This famous series is really a novel in paint telling the story of the marriage of an earl’s son and city merchant’s daughter, a marriage made for reasons of vanity and money. Despite the satirical, often amusing details, the painter’s purpose is serious. He expects his pictures to be read and they are perhaps full of allusions. At the same time Hogarth remained an artist and passages especially in “Shortly after the Marriage” showed how attractively he could paint. The free handing of the “Shrimp Girl” is combined with cockney vivacity. The girl is brushed onto the canvas in a vigorous impressive style. As a painter Hogarth was harmonious in his colouring, very capable and direct in his theme and composition. He painted many pictures. He is well known as a humorist and satirist on canvas.

 

In the second half of the 18^th century narrative and satirical themes lost their leading role in the English art. The ruling classes tried to show in art a confirmation and glorification of their social position. The most popular form of painting became ceremonial portraits of representatives of the ruling class. Sir Joshua Reynolds was the most outstanding portraitist of the period. In December 1768 the Royal Academy was founded and Reynolds became its first president. He created a whole gallery of portraits of the most famous of his contemporaries. He usually painted his characters in heroic style and showed them as the best people of the nation. As a result his paintings are not free of a certain idealization of the characters. Reynolds was greatly influenced as a painter by the old masters. This influence can be seen in his “Cupid Untying the Zone of Venus”. The picture is close to Titian’s style in the use of colour, but it is typical of the 18^th century English school of its approach to subject-matter. He often included real personages in his mythological works. Reynolds did not want British art to be provincial and isolated. It was he who insisted that artists should be brought up in line with European art and that they should develop the Grand style of painting. As a president of the Royal Academy Reynolds delivered lectures. These lectures were regarded as the most sensible exposition of the Academic view that by well-directed work it was possible to learn the rules of art and use discoveries and ideas of the old masters to create a new style of one’s own. He recommended that a would-be painter should put his faith in old masters from whom he should be ready to borrow. He suggested that the proportions of a sitter’s figure should be altered in accordance with a fixed ideal.

 

Thomas Gainsborough, one of the greatest masters of the English school, was a portraitist and a landscape painter. His portraits are painted in clear tones. Blue and green are predominant colours. One of the most famous works is the portrait of the Duchess of Beufort. He managed to create a true impression of the sitter. Gainsborough greatly influenced the English school of landscape painting. He was one of the first English artists to paint his native land (“Sunset”, “The Bridge”) and others. He was the first English artist to pain his native countryside so sincerely. His works contain much poetry and music. He is sometimes considered the forerunner of the impressionists. Gainsborough was the antithesis of the businesslike Reynolds. He was very poetic by his nature, he abhored rules and cares little about the old masters. By necessity a portraitist he was by inclination a landscapist.

John Constable an English landscape painter painted many well-known works (“A Cottage in a Cornfield”, “The Loch”). He is the first landscape painter who considered that every painter should make his sketches direct from nature that is working in the open air. His technique and colouring are very close to the impressionists. Constable ignored the rules established by Reynolds. He insisted that art should be based on observation of nature and feeling. He was the herald of romanticism. But the realistic qualities of his art are sensed very strongly.

A complete expression of romantic ideal can find itself in the pictures of Turner. Joseph Turner was an outstanding painter whose most favourite topic was to paint sea (“The Shipwreck”). He painted waves and storms, clouds and mists with a great skill. Although his talent was recognized immediately he deliberately turned his back to the glittering social world of London. Victorian England which found it more important that a man should be a gentleman in the first place and only in the second a genius, never forgave him.

 

I. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following word combinations

Отец английской школы портрета; аристократический и интеллектуальный портрет; принести славу и положение в обществе; тщеславие и деньги; полный намеков; гармоничный в цветовом решении; его наиболее знаменитые современники; несвободный от идеализирования; использовать открытия и идеи старых мастеров; художник-пейзажист; наблюдения за природой; будущий художник.

 

 

II. Complete the sentences according to the text

1. During his first year in England Van Dyck painted…

2. Van Dyck created the genre…

3. …raised British pastoral art to a high level of importance.

4. As the President of the Royal Academy Reynolds…

5. Victorian England where “a gentleman” was in the first place and “a genius” in the second…

 

III. Put the sentences and the names of the paintings into the proper columns

Sir Joshua Reynolds	William Hogarth	Thomas Gainsborough	John Constable
1	2	3	4

 

1. He was the herald of romanticism.

2. He painted in clear tones.

3. The realistic qualities of his art are sensed very strongly.

4. He created a whole gallery of portraits of his famous contemporaries.

5. His famous paintings may be called a novel in paint.

6. He liked heroic style.

7. His works contain much poetry and music.

8. By necessity a portraitist he was by inclination a landscapist.

9. He was very direct in his composition.

 

a) “The Loch”

b) “Sunset”

c) “Shortly after the Marriage”

d) “A Cottage in a Cornfield”

e) “Cupid Untying the Zone of Venus”

f) “The Bridge”

g) “Shrimp Girl”

 

IV. Answer the questions

1. Who influenced the British painting in the 17^th-19^th centuries?

2. What famous English painters felt the influence of Van Dyck in the genre of portrait?

3. How did William Hogarth call his pictures of social life?

4. William Hogarth is known as a very gloomy artist, isn’t he?

5. When did ceremonial portraits become very popular in England?

6. Whose painting is very close to Titian’s style?

7. What did Reynolds recommend to a would be painter?

8. Whose most favorite topic was to paint sea?

 

 

Class Discussion

1. Do you think that Hogarth’s “Marriage a la Mode” is interesting and actual for our contemporaries? Why? Express your opinion about the subject.

2. If you were an artist what would you paint in the picture “ Marriage a la Mode of the XXI Century”.

 

 

 

Skill Developing

 

 Work in small groups. Read the descriptions of various art styles / periods. Match the descriptions with the terms (a – h). There are more terms than descriptions.

r) abstractionism                                 e) realism

s) impressionism                        f) parallelism

t) cubism                                   g) imagism

u) pop art                                   h) surrealism

 

 

1) The 20^th century art movement in which an artist depicts realistic objects in an unreal environment, emphasizing the meaning he sees beyond reality.

2) Many representatives of this school believed that the artist should be realistic and paint everyday events involving ordinary people. Painters began to show scenes of domestic life, labourers building a road, or men sitting around the dinner table listening to music and smoking.

3) The artist of this school were major innovators. They borrowed themes and compositions from earlier masters and reworked them in accordance with contemporary life, in their own style. They used free, sketchy brushwork and broad patches of colour.

4) Inspired by the dynamic shapes of African sculpture, the style was developed by Pablo Picasso in Paris between 1907 and 1914. It became the most influential of all the 20^th century art styles. It emphasizes the flatness of the traditional perspective.

5) This style involves not one but several distinct styles. The art began developing in Germany, the United States, Russia and the Netherlands in the 20^th century. Artists like Kasimir Malevich began to create geometrically constructed paintings. There were many other varieties of this type of art too.

6) In the 1960s a new style appeared. The artists drew their imagery from advertising billboards, movies, comic strips and ordinary everyday objects. This kind of art became world known through the works of American artists, Andy Warhol among them.

 

 

 

 

Describing the Paintings.

I. Read the texts

“The Morning Walk” by Th. Gainsborough

Gainsborough is famous for his brilliant sense of composition, harmony and form. In the foreground of the picture you see a pretty slim young woman of about 25 and an elegant young man. The woman has a very fashionable long dress on, her face is attractive. She has dreamy blue eyes, and thick curly golden hair. As for the man, he is tall and handsome, the features of his face are pleasant and expressive. His eyes are dark, his look is proud, his mouth is rather large, his nose is straight, and he has a classical strong figure. I am sure that the young people are happy because they are young, they are in love, because the day is fine, and the life is beautiful. It is an idyllic scene in a romantic landscape. Thanks to the soft colour treatment the picture has a lyrical and poetic atmosphere.

 

 

My Favourite Artist

 

Art Galleries

London Art Galleries

London is visited by millions of tourists every year. They come there to see the sights of London and to visit London’s museums. There is a quite a number of museums and art galleries in London which are world-famous.

The national Gallery is situated in Trafalgar Square and one of the best-known art galleries in the world. It was founded in 1824 and houses one of the most important collections of Italian paintings outside Italy. It is also famous for its Dutch collection, particularly for paintings by Rembrandt.

The National Portrait Gallery is situated near the National Gallery. It is Britain’s leading art gallery of portraits of famous people in British history. The National Portrait Gallery is noted for representing various kinds of portraits – from traditional oil paintings to photographs. Founded in 1856, in 1984 it contained over 8 000 original portraits and more than 500 000 photographs. The famous Tate Gallery was opened in 1987 with the financial support of Sir Henry Tate. He also gave a collection of 65 paintings. The Gallery contains a unique collection of British paintings from the 16^th century to the present day. Turner and Blake are particularly well represented in the collections. The Gallery also has many drawings and modern sculpture. Victoria and Albert Museum is a collection of fine and applied arts. It contains a great collection of miniature too. It was opened in 1857 and was named after Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert.

In other word, any visitor can find a museum to his taste in London.

 

1. Which is the oldest art gallery in London?

2. Where can you see the paintings by Rembrandt?

3. Which gallery is famous for its collection of portraits?

4. Why was the Tate Gallery named so?

5. Which gallery contains the collection of modern sculpture?

6. Which gallery is noted for its collection of miniatures?

 

Group Discussion

Topic I. Is the appreciation of pictures a special faculty which only a few can possess?

         Taking points:

1) The habit of looking at good pictures is in itself a means by which taste can be formed and the scope of one’s enjoyment widened and developed.

2) The acquisition of good taste is a matter of time. Painting in this respect does not differ from other arts (poetry, music)

 

Topic II. A great painting enriches our experience of life, just as a great poem does or a great  musical composition.

          Taking points:

1) Great painters make us see and think a great deal more than the objects before us, they teach us to look at a scene through their eyes.

2) The masterpieces of painting, like the masterpieces of music and poetry transform experience; they are an inexhaustible source of beauty which derives from the originality of the artist’s outlook, his capacity for combining form and colour into a harmonious unity.

 

 

Reading Comprehension Test

 

 

Marc Chagall

Marc Chagall, the oldest of nine children, was born on July 7, 1887 in Vitebsk. Thanks to his mother, Marc was enabled to go to an official state school after he had finished the Jewish elementary one. Jews were not admitted to state schools, but Marc’s mother bribed the teacher. So, instead of remaining within the limits of his Jewish background, Marc took violin and singing lessons, began to draw, and spoke Russian rather than Yiddish. He was able to enter the world where cosmopolitan and cultural interests were valued.

In the winter of 1906 – 1907 Chagall moved to St. Petersburg for a thorough artistic training in the cultural heart of Russia. The young man won a scholarship to the celebrated art school. Through his training there, Chagall acquired a sense of his role as an artist. At 22, he was no longer a naive lad. In the capital, away from his origin, he turned to the subjects and motifs that were typical of his future work: village scenes, peasant life. At that time he became acquainted with Bella Rosenfeld, the daughter of a Jewish jeweler, who also came from Vitebsk and who studied in Moscow. Later, in 1915 they got married. Many of his paintings of the period were dedicated to her.

Russian artists were to be better received in Paris than in their own country. That’s why the only place for Chagall to go was Paris. He moved into one of the studious there in the winter of 1911-1912. “Once in Paris I was finally able to express the joy of my childhood memories of Vitebsk”, Chagall wrote later. His work was called “surreal”. This concept, surrealism, gave a name to an era. The inventor of the term, the poet Appolinaire, tirelessly tried to organize exhibition space for him. In the spring of 1914 the painter got his chance; his major solo exhibition was arranged in Berlin.

But the new event came soon. It was the Russian revolution. The early days were marked by untroubled optimism. Lunacharsky was appointed head of the Ministry of Culture. Marc Chagall had known Lunacharsky in Paris, so their acquaintanceship resulted in an official position for the artist: he was made Fine Arts Commissar in Vitebsk. Art was highly valued in the opening days of the Revolution, and it was hoped that art and politics would inspire each other. Chagall, full of enthusiasm, dedicated himself to his new position. He organized exhibitions, opened museums, and restarted classes at the Vitebsk Academy of Art. Yet in May 1920 he moved with his family to Moscow.

His mood began to change gradually. “I think the Revolution could be a great thing if it preserved respect for what is other and different”, wrote Chagall in his autobiography. With neither money nor prospects, he had no reason to stay in the Soviet Union. For the next twenty-five years the painter lived in France and America. Curiously enough, in Paris the family lived in the apartment were Lenin had stayed before them. The early 1930s saw the triumph of the ideology of National Socialism in Germany.

He had to leave the Continent and arrived in New York in June 1941. After the liberation of Europe, the artist returned to the Old World. He stayed in France till his death in 1985.

After the war Chagall undertook many monumental commissions including the windows in the United Nations building in New York, and ceiling paintings in the Paris Opera House, murals for the Metropolitan Opera in New York, and many others. These masterpieces made him a world known contemporary artist whose work was appreciated and judged very highly.

No other 20^th century artist had such a gift for harmonizing the contradictions of life. He bridged gaps that had been widening for centuries between different religious communities and different ideologies. It was his dream to create one world of brotherly peace.

 

 

* bribe – v. to influence the judgment by offering gifts or money

** murals – n. a painting that is painted on the wall

 

 

I.Choose the meaning in which the word is used in the text:

1. admit:

a) to agree to the truth;

b) to let in;

c) to leave a chance for being possible.

2. background:

a) the scenery or the space behind the main objects or people;

b) the conditions that exist;

c) a person’s family, social class, experience and education.

3. cosmopolitan:

a) consisting of people from many different parts of the world;

b) not narrow-minded, showing wide experience of different people and places;

c) existing in most parts of the world.

4. position:

a) employment;

b) a place where someone or something is or stands;

c) a particular place or rank in competition.

5. commission:

a) a group of people appointed at a high level to find out facts and write a report;

b) money related to the value of goods sold, paid to the person who sold them;

c) a special job, duty given to a person or group of people.

 

 

II.Choose the best corresponding variant of translation:

1. …Chagall acquired a sense of his role as an artist.

a) … Шагал почувствовал свою роль художника.

b) … Шагал осознал свою роль как художника.

 

2. … restarted classes at the Vitebsk Academy of Art.

a) реставрировал классы в Витебской Художественной академии.

b) возобновил занятия в Витебской Художественной академии.

 

3. The early days were marked by untroubled optimism.

a) Первые дни были отмечены спокойным оптимизмом.

b) В ранние дни был отмечен тихий оптимизм.

 

4. No other 20^th century artist had such a gift…

a) Ни в одном, кроме 20-го, веке у художника не было такого дара…

b) Ни у одного художника 20-го века не было такого дара…

 

III.Complete the sentences according to the contents of the text;

1. … could prevent Chagall from getting a good education.

2. Besides taking violin classes…

3. Chagall first turned to the village scenes and peasant life…

4. Chagall moved to Paris in 1911 because…

5. The poet Appolinaire helped Chagall with …

6. Being appointed Fine Arts Commissar in Vitebsk Chagall…

 

IV.Mark the following statements as “True” or “False”

1. Being born into a Jewish family Chagall had good prospects in getting education.

2. To play the violin remained his vain dream.

3. In his early 20s Chagall was a naive and dreamy youth.

4. The main subject of his paintings in St. Petersburg art school was country life.

5. Bella Rosenfeld was born in Moscow.

6. The early days of Russian revolution inspired Chagall greatly.

7. Chagall left the Soviet Union because he needed new impressions.

8. Chagall’s work was appreciated highly only after his death.

 

V. Answer the questions:

1. What family was Chagall born into?

2. How did he manage to get secondary education?

3. Why was he admitted to a celebrated art school in St. Petersburg?

4. Who was Chagall’s muse at that period?

5. Why did Chagall move to Paris?

6. What genre of painting became typical of Chagall in Paris?

7. What position did Chagall occupy in Vitebsk after the October Revolution?

8. What made Chagall leave Vitebsk again?

9. What masterpieces made him world known?

10. What was the main message of all his paintings? (“One ”)

 

FINE ARTS

Fine Arts

Focus Vocabulary

Paintings. Genres

oil painting

canvas

water-colour

pastel picture

engraving

fresco painting

sketch/study

family group

ceremonial/self-portrait

full-length/half-length/shoulder-length portrait

landscape

seascape

genre painting

still life

battle piece

masterpiece

 

Composition and Drawing

 

 

in the foreground

in the background

at the top/bottom

in the left/right-hand corner

place the figures against the landscape background

 

 

Colouring. Light and Shade

subtle/brilliant/restful/soft /delicate/harmonious colours

gaudy/agitated/dull/oppressive /harsh colours

warm/cool colours

 

 

Impression. Judgment

moving/lyrical/romantic/original/poetic painting

exquisite/cheap/vulgar piece of painting

unsurpassed masterpiece

 

Act out conversations making use of the words from the focus vocabulary.

1.

– I’d like to draw your attention to this still-life

• water-colour picture

• sculpture

• drawing

• portrait

 

– Oh, it’s wonderful!

• impressive

• too lovely for words!

 

2.

– Who painted this picture?

• seascape

• landscape

• pastel picture

 

– It belongs to the brush of a famous English painter.

• an unknown Dutch portrait painter

• a world-known landscapist

• French animal painter

 

3.

– I can’t make out what’s depicted in the foreground.

• in the middleground

• in the background

• in the distance

- It’s obviously a horseman.

· a rock

· a sail

· a haystack

4.

– What colours does this painter prefer!

• tones

• shades

 

– He executes his pictures mostly in bright colours.

• dark tones

• warm shades

 

5.

– What does this artist generally depict in his pictures?

• canvases

• works

 

– Different things. In this one for example he depicts a genre scene.

• a busy street

• an oriental market

• an evening in autumn

• the stormy sea

• a caravan in the desert

 

 

Word Formation