Enlarge you business vocabulary

Bill of lading                                            Коносамент, транспортная на­

кладная

Cargo                                                       Груз

~ movement                                             Передвижение грузов

Certificate of origin                                  Свидетельство о происхож­

дении

Currency                                                 Валюта

Customs entry                                         Таможенная декларация

Delivery instructions                                Инструкция по отправке то­

вара

Examine v.                                               Проверять

Export control regulations                        Таможенные правила

Forwarder                                                Экспедитор, транспортно-экс­

педиционная организация

lnsurance certificate Страховое свидетельство

Invoice                                                     Счет-фактура

(Shipper's) letter of instruction                 Письмо, содержащее указания

грузоотправителя

License                                                     Лицензия

Packing list                                              Упаковочный лист

Port of entry                                             Порт назначения

Pro-forma invoice                                    Примерная, предварительНая фактура

Purchase order                 Заказ на поставку

set of documents                   Набор докуметов

Shipping terms                       Условия отгрузки

Transaction                                              Сделка

Validated                                                  Утвержденный, ратифициро­ванный

Value                                                       Ценность, стоимость

Violation                                                  Нарушение

Look at the following commercial documents, i.e. request for payment and request for an extension. Pay attention to the style of  documents. Both are made in the form of а polite inquiry and are as impersonal as possible. 1f you are unable to pay, offer an apology and give а clear explanation of what has happened.

 

 

Requestforpayment

ZZZ Inc. 4 3`д Avenue Portland Ore. 97207 Dear Mr. Shortt, We think you may have overlooked Invoice No. 61 1418 for $ 2000.00 (see attached сору), which was due two weeks ago. We have been trading with you for five years and you have always cleared your accounts regularly on the due dates. Would you please either let us have your check, or an explanation of why the invoice is still outstanding.          If, however, you have already sent а remittance, then please disregard this letter. Yours sincerely, Terrence O'Connor sales Manager Enc. Invoice No. 61 1418

Request for an extension

Т. O'Connor  Dynateam Innovations 55 Erieview Plaza Cleveland Ohio 44114 Dear Mr. O'Connor, I am sorry that we were not able to clear your Invoice No. 61 1418. We presume that this delay was caused by the introduction of а new program of handling commercial documentation. Our staff needed some time to get used to new procedures. You will be pleased to hear that we have now settled а11 the problems and the staff has been fully trained to use this program. Meanwhile I am enclosing а check for $ 2000.00.     Your sincerely, , Leo shortt Accountant

More business words

 

Clear an account v.                            Оплатить счет

On the due date                                                             В срок

Enclose v.                                          Прикладывать, вкладывать

Offer an apology v.                           Извиниться

Outstanding                                       Просроченный, неоплаченный

Remittance                                         Уплата, денежный перевод

Request                                              Просьба

', ~ for an extension                             ~ об отсрочКе платежа

~ for payment                                  ~ заплатить

 

 

MODERN BUSINESS USAGE
Jargon

C-note - а one hundred dollar bill

Dime - а ten cent coin

Nickel - а five cent coin

Quarter - а twenty-five cent coin

Peanuts - practically no money at а11

е. g. I won't work there any longer. They only pay peanuts.

BUSINESS READING
Importing and Exporting: Methods of Payment

The most popular methods of payment are in international trade are:

· Open account

· Documents against acceptance

· Documents against payment

· Letter of Credit

· Prepayment

 

For exporters, prepayment seems to be the most preferable method of payment, for in this situation his risk is minimal. For importers, the situation is just the opposite. Since the interests of the parties are contradictory, methods of payments are usually the results of rather long and difficult negotiations.

 

Art open account implies that the exporter sends goods to the buyer and after doing that or at the end of а certain period agreed upon in а supply contract, sends the buyer an invoice. This method of payment is cheap, but it's rather risky for the exporter who hasn't got any protection, but the importer's promise, honesty and reputation. This method of payment is preferable when а transaction is performed between affiliated companies, since such companies до not have any grounds to doubt each other's reliability.

small exporters are often asked to conclude an open account transaction. If asked for that, they should decide very carefully whether their partner is creditworthy.

Documents against acceptance

Documents against payment

In both these payments documentary drafts are used. These methods of payment are known to be rather risky for the exporters. They imply that the exporter agrees to sell his goods and to ship them without getting money first. His bank prepares а draft and sends it to the importer's bank. The importer's bank informs the importer that such document has been received. Under ideal circumstances, an honest importer signs the draft and returns it to his bank. The bank withdraws the money from the importer's account and transfers it to the exporter's bank account in the exporter's bank.

The first time you see the draft sent to you by your bank is called first presentation. When you sign the draft you also write the word "accepted". This action is known as `acceptance of the draft'. If you are presented a 'sight draft', that means that you have to pay as soon as you see it. If you are presented a 'time draft', that means that you сап pay without а certain period of time (up to 180 days) after the sight or after the date of the draft.

 

То protect themselves, some exporters try to arrange things in such а way that the importer can not get hold of the shipped goods until he accepts the draft. The exporter places his goods on а ship (or on а plane) and the ship's captain or his mate gives the exporter а document called `а bill of lading' (an `airway bill', if the goods are transported by plane). Without this document the buyer can not claim the merchandize.

 

1n case of а sight draft, both the exporter and the importer bear the risk. The buyer might refuse to pay or to accept the draft        I and refuse to claim the goods. He might have changed his mind, lost his business or might have received а better offer from а competitive company. The buyer is also in а vulnerable position because he has already paid the money but the merchandize he receives might not be the one he has ordered. The time draft lessens his risks.

Letter of Credit (commercial documentary letter of credit) is widely used in international trade. `Commercial' here means that

it is used in а business deal and `documentary' means that it is payable upon presentation of specified documents. The abbreviation

LC stands for `Letter of Credit'. If this term of payment is agreed upon, the importer applies for LC from his bank. He fills out a

form indicating the type of credit (revocable/irrevocable), the be­neficiary, the amount, the documents involved (bill of lading,

invoice, insurance, etc.), а brief description of the goods covered by the credit. The money will be credited to the exporter's account

as soon as confirmation of shipment is made. In the end the importer's bank sends the documents the importer, so that the

importer сап claim the goods.

BUSINESS VOCABULARY

Accept v.                                           Акцептовать, принимать

Acceptance                                        Акцепт, принятие

Beneficiary                                        Бенефициар

Claim goods v.                                  требовать товары

Competitive company                        Компания-конкурент

Confirmation                                     Подтверждение

Credit an account v.                           Кредитовать счет

Documents against payment              Документы за наличный расчет

(Documentary) draft                          Документарная тратга (с при­

ложением товарораспоряди­

тельных документов)

(Time) draft                                       Срочная тратта (с платежом

                                           через определенный срок после

предъявления)

Mate                                                  Помощник (капитана)

Payable                                              Подлежащий оплате

Presentation                                       Представление, предъявление

Revocable/irrevocable                       Отзывной/безотзывный

Risk                                                   Риск

Bear a v.                                                                      Рисковать, подвергаться риску

Lessen а - v.                                     Уменьшать ~

Risky                                                 Рискованный

Transfer money v.                             Переводить деньги

Withdraw money v.                     Снимать деньги

 

 

FACTS AND FIGURES
Do you know that

The world's priciest major cities based on cost-of-living index for 2000. (Index accords New York а value of 100.)

1. Tokyo 164.9

2. Osaka 143.6

3. Hong Kong 141.5

4. Beijing 138.3

5. Moscow 136.1

 6 Shanghai                                                                 128.0

7. Seoul                                                                        111.1                          '

8. St. Petersburg 109.7

 9. Guangzhou 107.9

10. London                                      106.9

ON BUSINESS 1N RUSSIAN

Открытие компаниями-производителями своих фирменных магазинов давно стало делом привычным. Однако, отхошение

к этому далеко не однозначное. Розничные торговцы, обес­

покоенные за судьбу своего бизнеса, в большинстве своем не приветствуют те фирмы-лроизводители, которые повсеместно открывают фирменные магазины, автоматически становясь ро­зничными продавцами. Налицо конфликт. Борьба на рынке

розничной торговли становится все более ожесточенной. Тем

не менее, это не мешает крупнейшим мировым производите­

лям электроники, спортивных товаров и некоторых других групп товаров открывать в крупных мегаполисах сети фир-;

менных магазинов, арендуя для этих целей дорогостоящие торговые площади.

Фирмы-производители также ведут активную работу по созданию собственных вэб сайтов, предлагая потенциальным

покупателям товары в режиме 'on-line', в обход розничных торговцев.

Представители фирм-производителей не разделяют беспо­

койства со стороны розничных лродавцов, убежденно дока­зывая, что отнюдь не стремятся отобрать у дилеров их долю,

на рынке. Фирменные магазины - это не более чем совре­менные, прекрасно оснащенные выставочные площади, необ­ходимые для проведения рекламных кампаний, служащих делу продвижения товаров на рынке. Более того, цены на товары, представленные в фирменных магазинах-салонах, не ниже, чем у дилеров, а на популярную в розничной торговле систему скидок вообще наложено табу. Эти и другие доводы не делают

противостояние между фирмами-производителями и рознич­ными продавцами менее болезненным. Во избежание откры­

того конфликта прогрессивно мыслящие дилеры пытаются найти позитивное даже в казалось бы безнадежной ситуации. Фирмы-производители тратят огромные деньги на то, чтобы максимально выигрышно представить новые товары, превра­щая, таким образом, фирменные магазины в суперсовремен­ные выставочные залы. Результатами этой рекламной кампа­нии пользуются и розничные торговцы, стремясь извлечь из нее выгоду для своего бизнеса. Регулярно посещая проводя­щиеся в фирменных магазинах презентации, дилер учится приемам и методам рекламного бизнеса, овладевает наукой того, как наиболее выгодно представить товар, оформить стенд.

 

_MAKING INFORMATION WORK

Test Yourself

 

Match the following words with their Russian equivalents.

1. Advertising methods   а) Товары

2. Advertising campaign  b) Рынок

3. Market share                               с) Розничный торговец

4. Goods                                         д) Презентация

5. Retail chain                                 е) Выставочный зал

б. Outlet                                          О Арендовать помещение

7. Presentation                                g) Магазин

8. Promotion                                   h) Приемы и методы реклам­ного бизнеса

9. Dealer                                          i) Дилер

10. Market                                                                    j) Покупатель

11. Retailer                                       k) Рекламная кампания

12. Discount plan                             1) Доля рынка

13. Buyer                                                                      т) Система скидок

14. Producer                                                                 n) Производитель

15. Competition                                                          о) Сеть магазинов одной фир­

мы

16. Rent premises v.                         р) Конкуренция

17. Exhibition hа11                      q) Продвижение товаров на рынке

 

 

Key Answer

1. (h) 2. (k) 3. (1) 4. (а) 5. (о) 6. (g) 7. (д) 8. (9) 9. (i) 10. (b)

11. ^(с) 12. (т) 13. (j) 14. (n) 15. (Р) ^16. (f) 17. (е)

 

 

NOTES ON ENGLISH GRAMMAR

В этом уроке Вам встретилось время Present Perfect Con­tinuous. Это время наряду со временами Past Perfect Continuous и Future Perfect Continuous составляет группу времен Perfect Continuous.