Application of automation and robotics in undustry

ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ВСЕХ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ (ГРУППЫ 102, 108 – 113, 116 – 119, 120 – 123, ЭТз – 11, ЭЭз – 11, ЭТз – 11, 12, 13) НА III СЕМЕСТР

Для сдачи экзамена студентам ЗФ технических специальностей предлагается выполнение следующих заданий:

1) Контрольная работа №3 – выполнение одного из пяти вариантов; первый текст не переводится - по тексту выполняются задания со II-V, задания с VI-VIII – грамматические, письменный перевод текста в задании X. Вариант выбирается по последней цифре шифра студента.

(1, 2 – вариант № 1; 3,4 - вариант № 2; 5, 6 - вариант № 3; 7, 8 – вариант № 4; 9,0 – вариант № 5)

2) Перевод пяти предлагаемых текстов с листа.

3) Тема: “Company’s Profile” – “Компания, в которой я работаю”

4) Перевод текста, предлагаемого экзаменатором.

Защита контрольных работ и перевода технических текстов проводится по расписанию во время сессии и в течение семестра по четвергам с 17.05 - 20.00. Тексты переводятся с листа: a) Вы читаете текст на английском языке, затем его переводите, глядя на английский вариант текста. Разрешается пользоваться, составленным вами словарем по предложенным текстам.

N.B. Просьба распечатать контрольные работы и тексты, помещенные в личные кабинеты и принести их на зачет.

1) 5 текстов на перевод с листа:

TEXT 1 CARBON NANOTUBES

In the last years there has been an increasing interest in nanoscience, basically to understand the behavior of structures with sizes close to atomic dimensions. Even when many nanostructures are currently under investigation, the area of nanotubes is one of the most active. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) present one of the simplest chemical composition and atomic bonding configuration. Since their discovery in 1991 by Jijima, carbon nanotubes have been the target of numerous investigations due to their unique structural, electronic and mechanical properties.

There are two groups of nanotubes, multi-wall (MWCNTs) and single-wall (SWCNTs) carbon nanotubes. MWCNTs can be visualized as closed graphite tubules with multiple layers of graphite sheet defining a hole typically from 2 to 25 nm separated by a distance of approximately 0.34 nm. SWCNTs are real single large molecules.

It is important to define the chiral vector of nanotubes C_h, which is given by C_h =na₁=5 a_2, where a₁ and a₂ are unit vectors in the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice, and n and m are integers. The ends of the chiral vector meet each other when the graphene sheet is rolled up to form the cylinder. According to this, tubes of different diameters and helical arrangements of hexagons can arise by changing the values of n and m. In other words, depending on the values of n and m it is possible to have different nanotube structures. In fact, depending on how the two-dimensional grapheme sheet is rolled up, there are three types of carbon nanotubes, armchair, zigzag and chiral. Armchair nanotubes are formed when n=m, and the chiral angle is 30^0. Zigzag nanotubes are formed when either n or m is zero and the chiral angle is 0^0. The combination of size, structure and topology give CNTs important mechanical properties such as high stability, strength and stiffness, low density and elastic deformability with interesting surface properties. These electronic properties open the doors to a wide range of fascinating electronic applications.

 

dimension – размер

carbon nanotubes (CNT) – углеродные нанотрубки

atomic bonding – атомные связи

multi-wall (MWCNTs) carbon nanotubes – многостенные углеродные нанотрубки

single-wall (SWCNTs) carbon nanotubes – одностенные углеродные нанотрубки

approximately – приблизительно

two-dimensional hexagonal lattice – двумерная гексагональная (шестиугольная) кристаллическая решетка

helical – спиралевидный, винтовой

chiral vector – киральный вектор (вектор скручивания)

 

 

TEXT II

TEXT III

 

TEXT IV

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Density is the amount of mass per unit volume. It is measured in kilograms per cubic meter. The density of water is 1000 kg/m³, but most material have higher density and sink in water. Aluminium alloys, with typical densities around 2800 kg/m³, are considerably less dense than steel, which has typical density around 7800 kg/m³. Density is important in any application where the material must not be heavy.

Stiffness (rigidity) is a measure of resistance to deformation such as stretching or bending. The Young modulus is a measure of resistance to simple stretching or compression. It is the ratio of the applied force per unit area (stress) to the fractional elastic deformation (strain). Stiffness is important when a rigid structure is to be made.

Strength is the force per unit area (stress) that a material can support without failing. The units are the same as those of stiffness, MN/m^{2, but} in this case deformation is irreversible. The yield strength is the stress at which a material deforms plastically. For a metal the yield strength may be less than the fracture strength, which is the stress at which it breaks. Many materials have a higher strength in compression than tension.

Ductility is the ability of the material to deform without breaking. One of the great advantages of metals is their property to be formed into the shape that is needed, such as car body parts. Materials that are not ductile are brittle.

Toughness is the resistance of the material to breaking when there is a crack in it. For a material of given toughness, the stress at which it will fail is inversely proportional to the square root of the size of the largest defect. Brittle materials have low toughness: glass can be broken along a chosen line by first scratching it with diamond. Composites have considerably greater toughness than their constituent materials. The example of a very tough composite is a fiberglass that is very flexible and strong.

density – плотность

amount – количество

resistance to – устойчивость к

stiffness (rigidity) – жесткость

irreversible – необратимый

yield strength – предел текучести

stress – напряжение, давление

fracture strength – сопротивление излому/разрушению

ductility – ковкость

brittle – ломкий, хрупкий

toughness – прочность, стойкость

constituent – компонент, составляющая часть, элемент

 

TEXT V

Текст А

Vocabulary

to be involved in – участвовать

to operate in – работать, функционировать

a range – ряд, диапазон, ассортимент

manufacture/ manufacturer/ to manufacture – производство, производитель, производить

production/producer/ to produce – производство, производитель, производить

primary industry – добывающая промышленность

secondary industry – производственный сектор

tertiary industry – непроизводственный сектор экономики, предоставляющий услуги

mining companies – добывающие компании

provide services - предоставлять услуги

multinationals – международные, транснациональные компании

subsidiary – дочерняя компания

Companies are involved in many activities for example buying, selling, marketing and production. They operate in a range of different industries such as information technology, telecommunication, film and car manufacture.

There are 3 main types or groups of companies belonging to three different sectors of economy: primary, secondary and tertiary industry. The companies which belong to the primary sector of industry are mining companies they only collect or extract raw materials that exist in nature, for example oil/gas/coal/gold extracting companies. The companies belonging to the secondary sector of industry are manufacturers producing goods, for example automobiles, computers, clothes, food products. The companies which don’t produce goods but provide services (such as: trade, banking, insurance, traveling, educational institutions) belong to the tertiary sector of industry.)

Many well- known companies are multinationals which operate in a number of countries and have a complicated structure. They are usually parent or holding companies which own other companies or parts of companies. These companies are called subsidiaries.

 

II a) Прочитайте краткие сообщения о деятельности компании.

 

1. DHL is an international air-express carrier. It delivers packages and documents round the world.

2 British Airways is an international airline which carries over 28 million passengers each year.

3 Sony is a Japanese company, specializing in producing consumer electronics.

4 Shell Oil is an oil drilling company.

 

b) Дайте письменные ответы на поставленные вопросы.

1. Is the company multinational?

2 Does it have any subsidiaries abroad? If you know, say how many.

3. What sector of industry does the company refer to?

 

c) Пользуйтесь следующими фразами-клише для описания деятельности компании:

1 The company is multinational. It operates in 20 countries.

2. The company specializes in/ concentrates on producing cars.

3 The company started/set up subsidiaries in China and India.

4. Mining/oil drilling/ oil extracting company

5. The company provides/offers services such as…….

 

ТЕКСТ В

a) Прочитайте и переведите тексты (устно), содержащие информацию об истории развития компании. Выучите слова, выделенные жирным шрифтом и используемые для описания ключевых событий. В данном случае используются “sequencers” т.е. слова, указывающие на последовательность событий:

first first of all firstly

second secondly

then after that afterwards next

lastly finally now/ today

Vocabulary

experience – опыт

the key dates – ключевые/основные даты

events - события

own – владеть

to merge/ merger – образовывать путем слияния/ слияние

to take over – захватывать, вступать во владение чужим имуществом

headquarters – головной офис

to launch – запускать, начинать производить

to expand – расширяться

to run the company/monitor – управлять компанией

competition/competitors/ competes with – конкуренция/ кокурент/конкурировать

Personnel or Human Resources Department – отдел кадров

Research and Development (R&D) – научно-исследовательский отдел

established – авторитетный, заслуживший доверие

the Board of Directors – совет директоров

 

Company History

Companies often include details about their history in order to show that they are established and have experience in their field. In their marketing literature and reports the include information about the founder, the key dates and events

Skoda

First of all Vaclav Laurin and Vaclav Klement produced bicycles and then small motorcycles.

Then, in 1905, Laurin and Klement’s company started to produce motor vehicles. They merged with Skoda in 1925. Afterwards Skoda produced quality and famous motor vehicles, including the “Hispano-Suiza”. Then, after the war, when communists took control over Czechoslovakia, Scoda launched into production basic and functional vehicles. Next Volkswagen obtained a 30% share in Skoda and full management control of the company. Skoda was taken over by Volkswagen. Now Skoda is 70% owned by Volkswagen.

 

c) Пользуйтесь следующими фразами-клише для описания основных моментов в деятельности компании, определивших ее рост и развитие (задание III):

1 The founder of the company was ….

2. The company was founded/established/set up/ started ……..

3. The company set up new divisions/ department/ subsidiaries/ research laboratories…..

4. The company is located in China. The company’s headquarters are located in Moscow, Russia

5. The company launched a new product…..

6. to expand production, market, the range of products

7. The president runs the company. The company is run/headed by the Board of Directors ….

8 The companies merged

9 One company took over/acquired another company

10 The company has many competitors/ competes with …….

11. The company usually consists of seven departments: a. Marketing b. Public Relations

Вариант 1

III семестр

 

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно).

What is Nanotechnology?

Over the past few decades, the development of new and more advanced energy technologies with the capability of improving life all over the world have been sought in the field of science and engineering. In order to make the next leap forward from the current generation of technology, scientists and engineers have been developing the new field of science called Nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology is defined as the science and technology of building electronic circuits and devices from single atoms and molecules, or the branch of engineering that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers. A nanometer (nm) is one billionth of a meter, roughly the width of three or four atoms. For scale comparison, the average human hair is about 80,000 nanometers wide, and a single virus particle is about 100 nanometers in width. The prefix nano- comes from the Greek words nanos, meaning “dwarf.” The term Nanotechnology is also often used to describe the interdisciplinary fields of science devoted to study and use of nanoscale phenomena.

The story of nanotechnology began in the 1950s and 1960s, when the most engineers were thinking big not small. This was era of big cars, big jets, the world’s largest oil tankers, huge skyscrapers and big plans for sending people into outer space. Other researchers, however, focused on making things small. The invention of the transistor in 1947 and the first integrated circuit(IC) in 1959 launched an era of electronics miniaturization. It was these small devices that made large devices, such as spaceships, possible. After successfully splitting the atom in the years before World War II, physicist tried to understand about the particles from which atoms are made, and the forces that bind them together. At the same time, chemists worked to combine atoms into new kinds of molecules, and had great success in converting the complex molecules of petroleum into all sorts of useful plastic.

II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту.

1. What definition is given to nanotechnology as a field of science?

a) thetechnology aimed at producing ICs of micrometer dimensions

b) a link between science and technology

c) engineering dealing with things smaller than 100 nanometers

2. What inventions started a trend of miniaturization?

a)cars and jets b)transistors and integrated circuits c)capacitors and inductors

b) 25 – 30

3. What language was the prefix nano borrowed from?

a) Latin

b) German

c) Greek

III. Закончите предложения по содержанию прочитанного текста.

4. The era of nanotechnology began in________.

a) the 1950s

b) the past few years

c) the early 1980s

5. Nanotechnology deals with fabrication of electronic devices from________.

a) decayed atoms

b) single atoms and molecules

c) nucleus

6. Before the World War II scientist managed ________.

a) to split the atom

b) to launch cell phones

c) to send astronauts into space

IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию.

7 преобразование, превращение, получение

a) converting

b) convert

c) converted

8. сосредотачиваться, обращать внимание

a) attention	b) distract attention	c) focus on
9. область инженерии, техники a) engineering region	b)area of development	c) field of engineering

10 размер, масштаб

a) capacity

b) scale

c) ratio

11. интегральная схема

a) integrated circuit

b) coupling scheme

c) integrating network

12. передовые/новейшие технологии, методы

a)achievements

b) new ways

c) advanced technologies

13. электронный прибор, устройство

a) tool

b) device

c) appliance

V. Выберите соответствующее определение данным словам и терминам.

a) interdisciplinary fields of science b) launch c) complex molecules d) outer space e) electronics miniaturization f) current technologies g) decade h) nanometer

 

14. a period of ten years

15. the creation of ever smaller scales for electronic devices

16. involving different subjects of study

17. the area beyond the Earth’s atmosphere, where the stars and planets are

18. one billionth of a meter

19. to start a major activity

20. technologies being developed and used at present time

21. molecule with a more complicated structure

VI. Прочитайте предложения и укажите соответствует ли данное утверждение действительности: если соответствует напишите после предложения T- true, если не соответствует то F- false, при этом письменно подтвердите ваш ответ примером из текста.

22. Nanotechnology deals with large-sized objects.

23. Nanotechnology will affect industry dealing with materials such as aerospace, automobiles, coating, construction, cosmetics, agriculture, drug delivery, food and etc.

24. Engineering at nanoscale has drawn the attention of industry leaders.

VII. Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола.

25. The first integrated circuit ………… in 1959.

a) had been invented

b) was invented

c) invented

26. Nanotechnology ……..rapidly …………… over the past few decades.

a) has been developing

b) developed

c) was developing

27. In Japan the Second Science and Technology Plan …… a part of the national strategy since 2001.

a) is

b) has been

c) be

28. Next year the necessary instruments ………… by the centre.

a) are bought

b) is bought

c) will be bought

29. Nano-Tex …….. …….. its water- and oil-repellent copolymer.

a) is continually improving

b) continually improves

c) is continually improved

VIII. Заполните пропуски предлогами.

30. Nanotechnology has been developed ……… cover a wide range of industrial fields such as IT, electronics, energy, biotechnology, and medicine.

a) because to

b) however to

c) in order to

31. Nanomedicine focuses … broadening a drug’s potential.

a) at

b) on

c) of

32. Many scientists devote their lives ….researching nanophysics and nanochemistry.

a) by b) on c) to

 

IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательным или наречием в нужной форме.

33. Private funding of nanotechnology is estimated to be ………than government funding.

a) the largest

b) larger

c) more larger

34. Scientists work ……..to improve security and quality of life.

a) hard

b) hardly

c) more harder

35. Nanotechnology is aimed to produce …………. gadgets than ones we have just bought.

a) more versatile

b) versatile

c) the most versatile

X. Переведите текст письменно.

Nanomedicine

Nanomedicine is an area of biomedical research that seeks to use tools from the field of nanotechnology to improve health. Scientists say that physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials at the nanoscale differ in fundamental way from the properties of large –sized matter. For example, nanotechnology could provide new formulations and new routes to deliver drugs to previously inaccessible sites in the body, thereby broadening a drug’s potential. Tiny sensors, that detect diseases in the body far earlier than existing diagnostic tools, are among the promising areas of research. In today’s world of biomedical tools and therapies, pocket –sized electrocardiographs for monitoring the heart have appeared, and diagnostic cameras the size of a vitamin can travel the length of a digestive tract. The extremely small size of nanomaterials also means that they are much more readily absorbed by a human body than large-sized particles.

 

 

 

Контрольная работа №3

по английскому языку для студентов всех технических специальностей

заочного отделения

Вариант 2

III семестр

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно).

SOLAR ENERGY

Solar power, also known as solar energy, is the technology of obtaining usable energy from the light of the sun. Solar energy has been used in many traditional ways for centuries, and has come into widespread use where other power supplies are absent, such as in remote locations and space. Solar energy has a number of applications including

· Heat (hot water, heating building, cooking)

· Electricity generation (photovoltaic, heat engines)

· Desalination of sea water

Solar power is an extremely clean way to generate electricity. There are no air emissions associated with operation of solar modules. Photovoltaic, solar water heating systems reduce power generation from traditional sources and associated environmental impacts. Solar thermal energy is one of the best ways to lower carbon dioxide content and to protect the environment. Typically, greenhouse gas emissions from heating water account for over 70%. A solar water heater is one of the most influential and economical ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There are a few of the environmental reasons to install a solar thermal system:

· To reduce greenhouse gas emission.

· Two-collector domestic hot water systems can offset over 2 tons of CO₂ per year or 50 tons over life of the system.

· On-site generation, that is to reduce the need to mine and transport fossil fuel energy.

· Increased water heater life expectancy.

When comparing the merits of water heating systems, it is important to differentiate between capital and running costs. Conventional water heating systems tend to be cheap to install, but require the purchase of fuel. Fuel prices are currently low, but will rise in future. Solar thermal heating systems seem to be more expensive to install, but don’t need any fuel. A solar thermal system will incur very low running costs, and the payback on the capital costs will be better, because fuel costs of oil or gas systems go up over the time.

 

II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту.

1. How could “solar power” be defined?

a) “non-renewable” source of energy

b) the technology of producing energy from the sun light

c) powerengineering dealing with conventional systems consuming fuel

2. What is solar power used for?

a)heating buildings and generating electricity b)only for heating domestic water c)electricity production in the northern countries with long-lasting winters

b) 25 – 30

3. What advantage can be taken of the solar energy application?

a) to reduce the expenditures on fossil fuels extraction

b) to be a good alternative to a wind power

c) to have a bad impact on the environment

III. Закончите предложения по содержанию прочитанного текста.

4. One of the reasons to install a solar thermal system is________.

a) to cut the installation costs

b) to decrease the service life of the heating system

c) to increase water heater operation life

5. Solar power is the best way ________.

a) to solve health problems

b) to reduce CO2 emission

c) to generate electricity worldwide

6. The prices of fossil fuels are expected ________ in the nearest future.

a) level off

b) to fluctuate

c) to go up sharply

IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию.

7. достоинство, преимущество, заслуга

a) merit

b) quality

c) guaranty

8. выработка/производство энергии

a) electricity transportation	b) energy distribution	c) power generation
9. насчитывать, составлять a) to average	b)to take into account	c) to account for

10. уменьшать, понижать

a)lower

b)low

c)low-down

11. текущие расходы, эксплуатационные издержки

a) business expenditures

b) running costs

c) labour costs

12. связано с, требует

a)to incur

b) to occur

c) to want

13. ископаемое топливо

a) nuclear fuel

b) fossil fuel

c) liquid fuel

V. Выберите соответствующее определение данным словам и терминам.

a) impact b) conventional systems c) capital costs d) to mine e) the heater life expectancy f) on-site energy generation g) widespread h) greenhouse gas

14. gas that stops heat from escaping into atmosphere an causes global warming

15. the production of electricity in a particular area or place

16. aneffect or influence

17. equipment that is usually used or has been in use for along time

18. the period of time the heater is likely to operate

19. something that exists or happens over a large area, or to a great extent

20. to extract or obtain minerals from the ground by digging deep holes or tunnels

21. money spent by a business on buying equipment, buildings and etc.

VI. Прочитайте предложения и укажите соответствует ли данное утверждение действительности: если соответствует напишите после предложения T- true, если не соответствует то F- false, при этом письменно подтвердите ваш ответ примером из текста.

22. Solar cells can be used in remote areas where there are no power transmission lines.

23. Solar energy can be applied for sea water desalination.

24. It costs too much to maintain solar collectors, so it takes a long time to make profits from investments.

VII. Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола.

25. Britain ………… for a new form of energy in recent years.

a) has been looking for

b) were risen

c) raised

26. The British usually ……… fossil fuels and ……… nuclear stations.

a) are burning and building

b) burns and builds

c) burn and build

27. Wind power ………… as an alternative source of energy in Holland for many years.

a) has been used

b) is used

c) is being used

28. In a few years Britain ……completely ……. the advantage of wind power.

a) don’t take

b) won’t take

c) not take

29. At present they ………… two wind turbines.

a) install

b) will have installed

c) are installing

VIII. Заполните пропуски предлогами.

30. Since conventional water heaters are in use, greenhouse gas emissions account.... 70%.

a) on

b) from

c) for

31. Alternative energy sources are coming ….. everyday use.

a) to

b) into

c) back to

32. It is important to differentiate …… renewable and non-renewable sources of power.

a) from b) between c) among

 

IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательным или наречием в нужной форме.

33. How ……..power is supplied by nuclear plants in your country?

a) many

b) big

c) much

34. Britain is one of ……… countries in Europe.

a) the windiest

b) the most windy

c) windiest

35. There are ……. wind farms in Britain than in Denmark.

a) less

b) more little

c) fewer

X. Переведите текст письменно.

SOLLAR COLLECTORS

A solar collector is a device which collects sunlight and converts it into a heat. It consists of the following parts: 1. A glass cover made of either a single a double sheet of glass. 2. Water tubes. These are usually made of aluminium or steel. 3. A flat metal plate. This is painted black and usually made of aluminium, steel or copper. 4. Insulation. This can be any insulating material which can withstand temperatures up to 200^oC. In India, for example, dried palm leaves have been used. 5. A casing that can be made of wood or metal.

The solar collector works in the following way:

1. It is fixed on the roof of the building.

2. The sunlight passes through the glass cover and strikes the black plate.

3. About 50% of energy is reflected back onto the glass.

4. The glass then reflects it back onto the plate.

5. This heats the water in the tubes.

6. The heated water in the tubes is fed into the heating system of the building.

Since they can still supply heat even when it is already colder outside, flat plate collector are preferred choice today for solar water heating in households.

 

Контрольная работа №3

по английскому языку для студентов всех технических специальностей

заочного отделения

Вариант 3

III семестр

 

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно).

 

What is a Computer?

Computers are electronic machines which can accept data in a certain form, process the data and give the results of the processing in a specified format as information.

Three basic steps are involved in the process. First, data is fed into the computer’s memory. Then, when the program is run, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data. Finally, we can see the results (the output) on the screen or in printed form.

Information in the form of data and programs is known as software, and the electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer system are called hardware. A standard computer system consists of three main sections: the central processing unit (CPU), the main memory and peripherals.

Perhaps the most influential component is the central processing unit. Its function is to execute program instructions and coordinate the activities of all the other units. In a way, it is the ‘brain’ of the computer. The main memory holds the instructions and data which are currently being processed by the CPU. The peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer. They include storage devices and input/output devices.

Storage devices (floppy, hard or optical disks) provide a permanent storage of both data and programs. Disk drives are used to handle one or more floppy disks. Input devices enable data to go into the computer’s memory. The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard. Output devices enable us to extract the finished product from the system. For example, the computer shows the output on the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of a printer.

On the rear panel of the computer there are several ports into which we can plug a wide range of peripherals – modems, fax machines, optical drives and scanners. These are the main physical units of a computer system, generally known as the configuration.

 

II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту.

1. What three basic steps are involved in the process?

a) programming, deleting and storing data

b) generating a set of instructions, performing the instructions and outputting data

c) data input, instructions execution, data processing and data output

2. What are the main physical parts of the computer system?

a)CPU, main memory, periphhhphpherals b)ROM, monitor, operating system c)CPU, hard disk, software

pherals b) 25

3. What do the peripherals include?

a) main memory

b) storage, input/output devices

c) central processing unit

III. Закончите предложения по содержанию прочитанного текста.

4. The CPU function is to execute program instructions and coordinate the activities of all ________.

a) the other providers

b) the other units

c) the other disk drives

5. _________ enable us to retrieve the finished product from the system.

a) Input devices

b) Output devices

c) CPU

6. The main physical units of a computer system ________.

a) is known as the configuration

b) are known as the topology

c) are generally known as the configuration

IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию.

7. программное обеспечение

a) hardware

b) program

c) software

8. клавиатура

a) mouse	b) keyboard	c) configuration
9. гибкий диск a) hard disk	b) optical disk	c) floppy disk

10. выполнять

a) to handle

b)to monitor

c) to manage

11. данные /банк данных

a) dates

b) data

c) units

12. информировать

a)notify

b) information

c) informational

13. состоять из

a)to include

b) to consist of

c) to contain

V. Выберите соответствующее определение данным терминам.

 

a)software b) peripheral devices c) monitor d) floppy disk e) hardware f) input g) output h) central processing unit

 

14. the brain of the computer

15. physical parts that make up a computer system

16. programs which can be used on a particular computer system

17. the information which is presented to the computer

18. results produced by a computer

19. equipment attached to the CPU

20. visual display unit

21. small device used to store information

VI. Прочитайте предложения и укажите соответствует ли данное утверждение действительности: если соответствует напишите после предложения T- true, если не соответствует то F- false, при этом письменно подтвердите ваш ответ примером из текста.

22. Computer can perform many functions

23. Personal computers cannot perform logical operations.

24. Floppy disks are used to store information.

 

VII. Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола.

25. We usually ……. to the users.

a) spoke

b) tell

c) speak

26. BASIC ……….. in 1964.

a) was devised

b) is devised

c) has devised

27. We ……. sometimes …… a full day on programming.

a) didn’t spend

b) don’t spend

c) haven’t spent

28. The spelling of this task … already ……..

a) is checking

b) has been checked

c) has checked

29. At present we …. ….. a system called Visual Failsafe.

a) is using

b) are using

c) are used

VIII. Заполните пропуски предлогами.

30. We can see the results ………. the screen.

a) at

b)on

c) in

31. A standard computer system consists …….. three main sections.

a) in

b) in

c) of

32. Input devices enable data to go ……… the computer’s memory.

a) into b) in c) onto

 

IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательным или наречием в нужной форме.

33. ……… common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.

a) most

b) more

c) the most

34. Handheld/mini computers are …….. than microcomputers

a) more smaller

b) the smallest

c) smaller

35. How ………… types of computers do you know?

a) many

b) much

c) big

 

X. Переведите текст письменно.

 

The main memory of a computer is also called ‘internal memory’, as distinct from any storage

available on disks. PCs make use of two types of main memory: RAM and ROM.

RAM stands for ‘ Random Access Memory’. It is called, that because the processor can find data in any cell or memory address with equal speed, instead of looking for the data in a sequential order.

The data in the RAM is volatile, so it is lost when the power is switched off. Therefore, if we want to use this data later on, we have to save it on disk. When running an application, the CPU finds its location in the storage device (e.g. hard disk) and transfers a temporary copy of the application to the RAM area.

ROM is an acronym for ‘Read Only Memory’, which implies that the processor can read and use the data stored in the ROM chip, but cannot put data into it. For this reason, it is also referred to as ‘firmware’. ROM chips have ‘constant’ information, including instructions and routines for the basic operations of the CPU. These are used to start up the computer, to read the data from the keyboard or to send characters to the screen.

 

Контрольная работа № 3

по английскому языку для студентов всех технических специальностей

заочного отделения

Вариант 4

III семестр

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно).

Контрольная работа № 3

по английскому языку для студентов всех технических специальностей ЗФ

Вариант 5

Ш семестр

SMART MATERIALS

Smart – or shape memory – materials are an invention that has changed the world of engineering. There are two types of such materials: metal alloys and plastic polymers. The metal alloys were made first and they are usually an expensive mixture of titanium and nickel.

Shape memory materials are called 'smart' because they react to changes in their environment, for example:

• plastics that return to their original shape when the temperature changes; One use is in
surgery where plastic threads 'remember' the shape of a knot, react to the patient's body
temperature and make themselves into stitches.

• metal alloys that have a 'memory' and can return to their original shape. They are used in medical implants that are compressed so they can be put inside the patient's body through a small cut. The implant then expands back to its original shape. More everyday uses are for flexible spectacle frames and teeth braces, solids that darken in sunlight, like the lenses in some sunglasses.

• liquid crystals that change shape and colour. These have been used in climbing ropes that
change colour if there is too much strain and weight on them.

The future of these materials and their possible uses is limited only by human imagination. One clever idea is that if cars were made of smart metal, a minor accident could be repaired by leaving the car in the sun!

The first reported steps towards the discovery of the shape-memory effect were taken in the 1930s. The nickel-titanium alloys were first developed in 1962–1963 by the United States Naval Ordnance Laboratory. Their remarkable properties were discovered by accident. A sample that was bent out of shape many times was presented at a laboratory management meeting. One of the technical directors decided to see what would happen if the sample was subjected to heat and held his pipe lighter underneath it. To everyone's amazement the sample stretched back to its original shape.

II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы по тексту.

1. What time could smart materials be referred to?

a) the invention of the 19^th century

b) the invention of our time

c) the old Persian technology

2. What characteristics do the smart materials exhibit?

a) dissipating after heating

b) changing the melting point

c) returning to their original form

3. When were the first nickel-titanium alloys developed?

a) 1930s

b) 1962-1963

c) the 21^st century

ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ВСЕХ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ (ГРУППЫ 102, 108 – 113, 116 – 119, 120 – 123, ЭТз – 11, ЭЭз – 11, ЭТз – 11, 12, 13) НА III СЕМЕСТР

Для сдачи экзамена студентам ЗФ технических специальностей предлагается выполнение следующих заданий:

1) Контрольная работа №3 – выполнение одного из пяти вариантов; первый текст не переводится - по тексту выполняются задания со II-V, задания с VI-VIII – грамматические, письменный перевод текста в задании X. Вариант выбирается по последней цифре шифра студента.

(1, 2 – вариант № 1; 3,4 - вариант № 2; 5, 6 - вариант № 3; 7, 8 – вариант № 4; 9,0 – вариант № 5)

2) Перевод пяти предлагаемых текстов с листа.

3) Тема: “Company’s Profile” – “Компания, в которой я работаю”

4) Перевод текста, предлагаемого экзаменатором.

Защита контрольных работ и перевода технических текстов проводится по расписанию во время сессии и в течение семестра по четвергам с 17.05 - 20.00. Тексты переводятся с листа: a) Вы читаете текст на английском языке, затем его переводите, глядя на английский вариант текста. Разрешается пользоваться, составленным вами словарем по предложенным текстам.

N.B. Просьба распечатать контрольные работы и тексты, помещенные в личные кабинеты и принести их на зачет.

1) 5 текстов на перевод с листа:

TEXT 1 CARBON NANOTUBES

In the last years there has been an increasing interest in nanoscience, basically to understand the behavior of structures with sizes close to atomic dimensions. Even when many nanostructures are currently under investigation, the area of nanotubes is one of the most active. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) present one of the simplest chemical composition and atomic bonding configuration. Since their discovery in 1991 by Jijima, carbon nanotubes have been the target of numerous investigations due to their unique structural, electronic and mechanical properties.

There are two groups of nanotubes, multi-wall (MWCNTs) and single-wall (SWCNTs) carbon nanotubes. MWCNTs can be visualized as closed graphite tubules with multiple layers of graphite sheet defining a hole typically from 2 to 25 nm separated by a distance of approximately 0.34 nm. SWCNTs are real single large molecules.

It is important to define the chiral vector of nanotubes C_h, which is given by C_h =na₁=5 a_2, where a₁ and a₂ are unit vectors in the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice, and n and m are integers. The ends of the chiral vector meet each other when the graphene sheet is rolled up to form the cylinder. According to this, tubes of different diameters and helical arrangements of hexagons can arise by changing the values of n and m. In other words, depending on the values of n and m it is possible to have different nanotube structures. In fact, depending on how the two-dimensional grapheme sheet is rolled up, there are three types of carbon nanotubes, armchair, zigzag and chiral. Armchair nanotubes are formed when n=m, and the chiral angle is 30^0. Zigzag nanotubes are formed when either n or m is zero and the chiral angle is 0^0. The combination of size, structure and topology give CNTs important mechanical properties such as high stability, strength and stiffness, low density and elastic deformability with interesting surface properties. These electronic properties open the doors to a wide range of fascinating electronic applications.

 

dimension – размер

carbon nanotubes (CNT) – углеродные нанотрубки

atomic bonding – атомные связи

multi-wall (MWCNTs) carbon nanotubes – многостенные углеродные нанотрубки

single-wall (SWCNTs) carbon nanotubes – одностенные углеродные нанотрубки

approximately – приблизительно

two-dimensional hexagonal lattice – двумерная гексагональная (шестиугольная) кристаллическая решетка

helical – спиралевидный, винтовой

chiral vector – киральный вектор (вектор скручивания)

 

 

TEXT II

APPLICATION OF AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS IN UNDUSTRY

Manufacturing is one of the most important application areas for automation technology. There are several types of automation in manufacturing.

1. Fixed automation, refers to automated machines in which the equipment configuration allows fixed sequence of processing operations. These machines are programmed to make only certain processing operations. They can’t easily switch from one product type to another. This form of automation needs high initial investments and high production rates. That’s why it is suitable for products that are made in large volumes. Examples of fixed automation are machining transfer lines in automobile industry, automatic assembly machines and certain chemical processes.

2. Programmable automation is a form of automation for producing products in large quantities ranging from several dozen to several thousand units at a time. For each new product the production equipment must be reprogrammed and changed over. This reprogramming and changeover take a period of non-productive time. Production rates in programmable automation are generally lower than in fixed automation, because the equipment is designed to facilitate product changeover rather than for product specialization. A numerical-control machine tool is a good example of programmable automation. The program is coded in computer memory for each different product type and the machine tool is also controlled by the computer program.

3. Flexible automation is a kind of programmable automation. Programmable automation requires time to reprogram and change over the production equipment for each series of a new product. This is lost production time, which is expensive. In flexible automation the number of products is limited, so the changeover of the equipment can be done very quickly and automatically by means of the computer. Flexible automation allows different products to be produced one right after another.

fixed automation – жесткая автоматизация, предполагающая выполнение операций в фиксированной/заданной последовательности

fixed sequence – заданная последовательность

initial investments – начальные инвестиции, вклады

production rate – темп производства

transfer lines – передаточные/транспортные производственные линии

assembly line – сборочный конвейер/линия

changeover – переключение, перенастройка

a numerical-control machine – станок с числовым программным управлением/станок с ЧПУ

flexible automation – гибкая автоматизация

 

 

TEXT III