Translate into English. Determine the Tense and Voice of the verb

1.This problem was discussed last week.

2.Lomonosov is often called the founder of Russian science.

3.Manufacturing is one of the most important application area for automation technology

4.The reprogramming of the equipment is done at a computer terminal.

5.The automation technology in manufacturing and assembly is widely used in car

and other consumer product industries.

6.An automated production line consists of a series of workstations.

7.The program is coded in computer memory for each different product style and the

machine-tool is controlled by the computer programme.

8.Many applications of numerical control have been developed since its initial use to

control machine tools.

 

Here are some facts about famous inventions. Fill in the blanks with the forms of

the verbs in Active or Passive Voices that suit

1.Many American inventors................... to find ways to ease the process of washing.

By 1873, some 2 000 patents.......................for washing machines. Most of these

machines.................... clumsy devices with washer blades that had to be turned by

hand. (were / had been issued / tried)

2.In the early1900s, electric machines................ Advertisements proclaimed the

wonders of these machines. But it was not until about 1937 that manufactures............

fully automatic machines. Within a few years, the old washboard............... for ever.

(came up with /was washed up / appeared)

3.In 1830, Barthelemy Thimonnier................ the first sewing machine. The machine

................ of wood, but it................. Later Thimonnier................ his machine and in

1845 he.............. it with patents both in England and the United States. (designed and

made / was made... worked / improved / protected)

4.Between 1832 and 1834 the American Walter Hunt............... a more advanced sewing

machine than that, which............... by Thimonnier. (had been invented / had designed

and made)

5.In the middle of the 19^th century, although it............, the sewing machine.............very

many people. (didn’t interest / had been tested)

6.The American Isaak Merritt Singer............. some improvements that............ by Howe

and................. it. (had been invented / made / patented)

7.Later the automatic feeding of the cloth that............ by the American Allen B.Wilson

............... the sewing machine greatly. (improved / had been introduced)

8.In 1851 another American William O.Grover............... a machine which................ the

double chain stitch. (made / invented)

 

Put the verbs in Active or Passive Voice

1. About 200 years ago, there... (not be) many factories or machines.

2. People... (use) a metal which... (call) steel to make strong chassis.

3. Some assembly operations … (perform) manually.

4. Each station … (design) to perform a specific processing operation.

5.Many applications of numerical control … (develop) since its initial use to control

machine tools.

6. His work... (finish) already.

7.The experiment... (carry out) from ten till twelve o’clock.

8 The machine... (test) now.

9.Watt... (continue) his researches and... (patent) several important inventions.

 

Rewrite the sentences into one using the rule of formation of Passive Voice, Past

Perfect

Great inventions have been made by Russian scientists and engineers.

What were these inventions? What other inventions were made along the same line

within that period of time?

 

1.In 1779 the Russian inventor Ivan Kulibin made a lamp that produced a very bright light. In 1783 the Swiss physist Argand added the glass chimney to the lamp. (... that...)

In 1783 the Swiss physist Argand added the glass chimney to the lamp that had been invented by Ivan Kulibin.

2.On November 23, 1802, Russian scientist V.Petrov discovered the electric arc. His discovery remaind unknown in the West. In 1811 Humphry Davy, the British scientist, discovered the arc again and called it the voltanic arc. (By the time...)

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3.A young Russian engineer, Alexander Lodygin made the first successful light bulb in 1873. In 1877 Thomas Edison learnt about the lamp, improved and later patented it. (... which...)

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4.In 1875 Mendeleyev put forward the idea of building a high-altitude balloon. Shortly afterwards, in 1886, Tsiolkovsky designed an all metal dirigible. (... modified..., the idea of which...)

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5.In 1878 Mozhaisky designed the first aeroplane. The aircraft was tested on August 1, 1882. It was only in 1903 that two Americans Orville and Wilbur Wright built an aeroplane like Mozhaisky’s. (By the time...)

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6.In 1814 George Stephenson invented the steam locomotive. In 1829 in Russia the Cherepanovs, father and son, invented and built a steam locomotive better than George Stephenson’s. (... improved... which...)

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Unit 22