Remember the meaning of following verbs and make up their derivative words,

for example: to calculate — calculating, calculator, calculation.

To compute, to invent, to know, to multiply, to divide, to depend, to solve, to provide, to process, to code, to use, to manipulate, to assemble, to connect, to inform, to instruct, to discover, to operate.

 

Read and learn linear and square measures

Linear measure

1 mile (ml) миля = 1.609 kilometres

1 yard (yd) ярд = 91.44 centimetres

1 foot (ft) фут = 30.48 centimetres

1 inch (in) дюйм = 2. 54 centimetres

 

Square measure

1 square mile (ml² ) кв.миля = 2. 59 square kilometres

1 acre (a.) акр = 0.405 hectare

1 square yard (yd ²) кв.ярд = 0.836 square metre

1 square foot (ft ²) кв.фут = 929 square centimetres

1 square inch (in²) кв.дюйм = 6.45 square centimetres

 

Unit 8

 

Read the text and find in it the answers to the questions that follow it

 

Measurements

Metric system is a decimal system of physical units, named after its unit of length, the metre. The metric system is adopted as the common system of weights and measures by the majority of countries, and by all countries as the system used in scientific work.

 

Temperature

The temperature scale is based on a fixed temperature, that of the triple point of water at which it's solid, liquid and temperature gaseous. The freezing point of water was designated as 273.15 К, equaling exactly 0° on the Celsius temperature scale. The Celsius scale, which is identical to the centigrade scale, is named after the 18th-century Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius, who first proposed the use of a scale in which the interval between the freezing and boiling points of water is divided into 100 degrees. By international agreement, the term Celsius has officially replaced centigrade.

One feature of SI is that some units are too large for ordinary use and others too small. To compensate, the prefixes developed for the metric system have been borrowed and expanded. These prefixes are used with all three types of units: base, supplementary, and derived. Examples are millimetre (mm), kilometre/hour (km/h), megawatt (MW), and picofarad (pF). Because double prefixes are not used, and because the base unit name kilogram already contains a prefix, prefixes are used not with kilogram but with gram. The prefixes hecto, deka, deci, and centi are used only rarely, and then usually with metre to express areas and volumes. In accordance with established usage, the centimetre is retained for body measurements and clothing.

In cases where their usage is already well established, certain other units are allowed for a limited time, subject to future review. These include the nautical mile, knot, angstrom, standard atmosphere, hectare, and bar.

 

Answer the questions

1. What is the temperature scale based on?

2. Whom is the Celcius temperature scale named after?

3. Where are three types of the units (base, supplimentary, derived) used?

4. What prefixes are used to express areas and volumes?

5. When are certain other units allowed for a limited time, subject to future review?

 

Match the phrases with the Russian equivalents

1.supplimentary units a.линейные единицы измерения

2.decimal system b.морская миля

3.international agreement c.неизменные стандарты

4.unchanging standards d.метрическая система мер

5.established usage e.физическая единица измерения

6.linear measurement f.точный и чёткий

7.until recently g.международное соглашение

8.physical unit h.дополнительные единицы измерения

9.metric system i.десятичная система

10.nautical mile j.до последнего времени

11.accurate and definite k.общепринятое употребление

12.principle standard l.основной стандарт

 

Read and learn cubic measures

 

Cubic measure

1 register ton (ne) тонна регистровая =2.83 cubic metres

1 stack стек = 3.04 cubic metres

1 cubic yard (yd ³) куб.ярд =0.76 cubic metre

1 cubic foot (ft ³) куб.фут = 0.028 cubic metre

1 cubic inch (in³) куб.дюйм = 16.39 cubic centimetres

Unit 9

 

Read the text and find in it the answers to the questions that follow it

 

Measurements

 

Metric system is a decimal system of physical units, named after its unit of length, the metre. The metric system is adopted as the common system of weights and measures by the majority of countries, and by all countries as the system used in scientific work.

Weights and Measures

Length, capacity, and weight can be measured using standard units. The principal early standards of length were the palm of hand breadth, the foot, and the cubit, which is the length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. Such standards were not accurate and definite. Unchanging standards of measurement have been adopted only in modern time.

In the English speaking world, the everyday units of linear measurement were traditionally the inch, foot, yard and mile. In Great Britain, until recently, these units of length were defined in terms of the imperial standard yard, which was the distance between two lines on a bronze bar made in 1845.

In Britain units of weight (ounces, pounds, and tones) are now also derived from the metric standard – kilogram. This is a solid cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy maintained at constant temperature at Sevres, near Paris. Copies, as exact as possible, of this standard are maintained by national standards laboratories in many countries.

International System of Units is a system of measurement units based on MKS (metre-kilogram-second) system.This international system is commonly reffered to as SI.

At the Eleventh General Conference on Weights and Measures, held in Paris in 1960 standards were defined for six base units and two supplementary units.

 

Answer the questions

1.What does the term “metric system” mean?

2.What were the early principal standards of length?

3.What were traditional units of linear measurements in the English-speaking

world?

4.What is International System of Units based on?

5.What was the important decision of the Conference in Paris in 1960?